Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter R - Page 30
Refractory (n.) 耐火物質；（常複數）耐火磚；倔強的人 A refractory person. -- Bp. Hall.
Refractory (n.) Refractoriness. [Obs.] -- Jer. TAylor.
Refractory (n.) (Pottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. -- Knight.
Compare: Pottery
Pottery (n.) (pl. Potteries) [Mass noun] 陶器 [U]；陶器製造術 [U]；陶器廠 [C] Pots, dishes, and other articles made of fired clay. Pottery can be broadly divided into earthenware, porcelain, and stoneware.
‘An extensive collection of nineteenth-century pottery.’
Pottery (n.) The craft or profession of making pottery.
‘Courses include drawing, painting, and pottery.’
Pottery (n.) A factory or workshop where pottery is made.
‘A visit to a Staffordshire pottery.’
Pottery (n.) (The Potteries) The area around Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, where the English pottery industry is based.
‘This book shows how the Potteries became such a remarkable place and illustrates the traditional skills of the potters.’
‘This was the first really large factory in the Potteries.’
Refractory (a.) Not responding to treatment; "a stubborn infection"; "a refractory case of acne"; "stubborn rust stains" [syn: refractory, stubborn].
Refractory (a.) Temporarily unresponsive or not fully responsive to nervous or sexual stimuli; "the refractory period of a muscle fiber."
Refractory (a.) Stubbornly resistant to authority or control; "a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness"; "a refractory child" [syn: fractious, refractory, recalcitrant].
Refractory (n.) Lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace [syn: furnace lining, refractory].
Refracture (n.) (Surg.) 骨再折術； 骨複折 A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.
Refracture (v. t.) (Surg.) To break again, as a bone.
Refracture (v.) Break (a bone) that was previously broken but mended in an abnormal way; "The surgeon had to refracture her wrist."
Refragable (a.) 可證明為妄想的 Capable of being refuted; refutable. [R.] -- Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. [R.] -- Ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty, n. [R.]
Refragate (v. i.) To oppose. [R.] -- Glanvill.
Compare: Oppose
Oppose (v.) [With object] 反對；反抗；妨礙 [+n/ v-ing]；使相對；使對抗 [（+to/ against）] Disagree with and attempt to prevent, especially by argument.
‘A majority of the electorate opposed EC membership.’
Oppose (v.) [With object] Actively resist (a person or system).
‘A workers' movement opposed the regime.’
Oppose (v.) [With object] Compete with (someone).
‘A candidate to oppose the leader in the presidential contest.’
Oppose (v. t.) (Opposed, opposing) To act against or provide resistance to; combat.
Oppose (v. t.) To stand in the way of; hinder; obstruct.
Oppose (v. t.) To set as an opponent or adversary.
Oppose (v. t.) To be hostile or adverse to, as in opinion.
// To oppose a resolution in a debate.
Oppose (v. t.) To set as an obstacle or hindrance.
Oppose (v. i.) (Opposed, opposing) 反對 To be or act in opposition.
Refrain (v. i.) 忍住；抑制，節制；戒除 [（+from）] To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain.
Refrain from these men, and let them alone. -- Acts v. 38.
They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time after. -- Sir T. Browne.
Syn: To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.
Refrained (imp. & p. p.) of Refrain.
Refraining (p. pr. & vb. / n.) of Refrain.
Refrain (v. t.) 【古】克制，抑制 To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.
His reason refraineth not his foul delight or talent. -- Chaucer.
Refrain thy foot from their path. -- Prov. i. 15.
Refrain (v. t.) To abstain from. [Obs.]
Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel than to refrain cold drink. -- Sir T. Browne.
Refrain (n.) The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition.
We hear the wild refrain. -- Whittier.
Refrain (n.) The part of a song where a soloist is joined by a group of singers [syn: refrain, chorus].
Refrain (v.) Resist doing something; "He refrained from hitting him back"; "she could not forbear weeping" [syn: refrain, forbear] [ant: act, move].
Refrain (v.) Choose not to consume; "I abstain from alcohol" [syn: abstain, refrain, desist] [ant: consume, have, ingest, take, take in].
Refrainer (n.) One who refrains.
Refrainment (n.) Act of refraining. [R.]
Reframe (v. t.) 再構造；給……裝上新框架 To frame again or anew.
Refrangibility (n.) 折射性 The quality of being refrangible.
Refrangible (a.) 折射性的；可折射的 Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. -- Re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.
Refrenation (v. t.) The act of refraining. [Obs.]
Refresh (n.) The act of refreshing. [Obs.] -- Daniel.
Refreshed (imp. & p. p.) of Refresh.
Refreshing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refresh.
Refresh (v. t.) 使清新，使清涼；消除……疲勞，使重新提起精神 To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind. -- Chaucer.
Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours. -- 1 Cor. xvi. 18.
And labor shall refresh itself with hope. -- Shak.
Refresh (v. t.) To make as if new; to repair; to restore.
The rest refresh the scaly snakes that fold The shield of Pallas, and renew their gold. -- Dryden.
To refresh the memory, To quicken or strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion.
Syn: To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.
Refresh (v.) (v. i.) 吃點心，喝飲料；恢復精神，重新振作；補充給養 Refresh one's memory; "I reviewed the material before the test" [syn: review, brush up, refresh].
Refresh (v.) Make (to feel) fresh; "The cool water refreshed us" [syn: refresh, freshen].
Refresh (v.) Become or make oneself fresh again; "She freshened up after the tennis game" [syn: freshen, refresh, refreshen, freshen up].
Refresh (v.) Make fresh again [syn: refresh, freshen, refreshen] [ant: fag, fag out, fatigue, jade, outwear, tire, tire out, wear, wear down, wear out, wear upon, weary].
Refresh () DRAM refresh.
Refresh () Screen refresh. (1998-10-19)
Refresher (n.) 【口】清涼飲料；補習課程；【英】增加報酬；可提神的人或物 One who, or that which, refreshes.
Refresher (n.) (Law) An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted.
Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a counsel can charge. -- London Truth.
Rrefresher (n.) A fee (in addition to that marked on the brief) paid to counsel in a case that lasts more than one day.
Rrefresher (n.) A drink that refreshes; "he stopped at the bar for a quick refresher."
Rrefresher (n.) A course that reviews and updates a topic for those who have not kept abreast of developments [syn: refresher course, refresher].
Refreshful (a.) Full of power to refresh; refreshing. -- Re*fresh"ful*ly, adv.
Refreshful (a.) Imparting vitality and energy; "the bracing mountain air" [syn: bracing, brisk, fresh, refreshing, refreshful, tonic].
Refreshing (a.) 提神的；清涼的；使人耳目一新的，別有韻致的 Reviving; reanimating. -- Re*fresh"ing*ly, adv. -- Re*fresh"ing*ness, n.
Refreshing (a.) Imparting vitality and energy; "the bracing mountain air" [syn: bracing, brisk, fresh, refreshing, refreshful, tonic].
Refreshing (a.) Pleasantly new or different; "common sense of a most refreshing sort" [syn: novel, refreshing].
Refreshment (n.) 精力恢復；心曠神怡 [U]；起提神作用的東西（如食物、休息等）[C] [U]；茶點，便餐；飲料 [P] The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression.
Refreshment (n.) That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.
Refreshment (n.) Snacks and drinks served as a light meal.
Refreshment (n.) Activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation; "time for rest and refreshment by the pool"; "days of joyous recreation with his friends" [syn: refreshment, recreation].
Refret (n.) Refrain. [Obs.] -- Bailey.
Refreyd (v. t.) To chill; to cool. [Obs.]
Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks. -- Chaucer.
Refrication (n.) A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.]
A continual refrication of the memory. -- Bp. Hall.
Refrigerant (a.) Cooling; allaying heat or fever. -- Bacon.
Refrigerant (n.) That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively. --Holland. "A refrigerant to passion." -- Blair.
Rrefrigerant (a.) Causing cooling or freezing; "a refrigerant substance such as ice or solid carbon dioxide" [syn: refrigerant, refrigerating].
Rrefrigerant (n.) Any substance used to provide cooling (as in a refrigerator).
Refrigerated (imp. & p. p.) of Refrigerate.
Refrigerating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refrigerate.
Refrigerate (v. t.) To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.
Refrigerate (v.) Preserve by chilling; "many foods must be refrigerated or else they will spoil."
Refrigerate (v.) Cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator; "refrigerate this medicine."
Refrigeration (n.) The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.
Refrigeration (n.) The process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes [syn: refrigeration, infrigidation].
Refrigeration (n.) Deliberately lowering the body's temperature for therapeutic purposes; "refrigeration by immersing the patient's body in a cold bath."
Refrigerative (a.) Cooling; allaying heat. -- n. A refrigerant.
Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative treatment. -- I. Taylor.
Refrigerative (n.) 冷卻劑 A refrigerant.
Refrigerator (n.) 冰箱，雪櫃；冷藏室；冷凍庫 [C] That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool. Specifically:
Refrigerator (n.) A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice.
Refrigerator (n.) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc.
{Refrigerator car} (Railroad), A freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by ice.
Compare: Appliance
Appliance (n.) The act of applying; application.
Appliance (n.) Subservience; compliance. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Appliance (n.) A thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances.
Appliance (n.) Specifically: An apparatus or device, usually powered electrically, used in homes to perform domestic functions. An appliance is often categorized as a major appliance or a minor appliance by its cost. Common major appliances are the refrigerator, washing machine, clothes drier, oven, and dishwasher. Some minor appliances are a toaster, vacuum cleaner or microwave oven.
Refrigerator (n.) White goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures [syn: {refrigerator}, {icebox}].
Refrigeratory (a.) Mitigating heat; cooling.
-ries (n. pl. ) of Refrigeratory.
Refrigeratory (n.) That which refrigerates or cools. Specifically:
Refrigeratory (n.) In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed.
Refrigeratory (n.) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine.
Refrigerium (n.) Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. [Obs.] -- South.
Refringency (n.) The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; as, different substances have different refringencies. -- Nichol.
Refringent (a.) Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. -- Nichol.
Compare: Reave
Reave (v. t.) [imp. & p. p. Reaved, Reft, or Raft (obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaving.] 搶奪；偷取 To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. "To reave his life." -- Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon. -- Chaucer.
If the wooers reave By privy stratagem my life at home. -- Chapman.
To reave the orphan of his patrimony. -- Shak.
The heathen caught and reft him of his tongue. -- Tennyson.
Reft (imp. & p. p.) of Reave. Bereft.
Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn. -- Heber.
Reft (n.) A chink; a rift. See Rift. -- Rom. of R.
Compare: Rift
Rift (obs.) p. p. of Rive. -- Spenser.
Compare: Rive
Rive (v. t.) [imp. Rived; p. p. Rived or Riven; p. pr. & vb. n. Riving.] To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive timber for rails or shingles.
I shall ryve him through the sides twain. -- Chaucer.
The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks. -- Shak.
Brutus hath rived my heart. -- Shak.
Rive (v. i.) 撕裂；劈開；摘去；傷（心） To be split or rent asunder.
Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction. -- Woodward.
Rive (n.) A place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.]
Rive (v.) Tear or be torn violently; "The curtain ripped from top to bottom"; "pull the cooked chicken into strips" [syn: rend, rip, rive, pull].
Rive (v.) Separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument; "cleave the bone" [syn: cleave, split, rive].
Rift (n.) [C] 裂縫，裂口 [（+in/ between）]；【地】斷裂 An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. -- Spenser.
Rift (n.) A shallow place in a stream; a ford.
Rift (v. t.) [imp. & p. p. Rifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifting.] 使開裂，使斷裂 To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. -- Longfellow.
To dwell these rifted rocks between. -- Wordsworth.
Rift (v. i.) 開裂，斷裂 To burst open; to split. -- Shak.
Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance. -- Bacon.
Rift (v. i.) To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rift (n.) A gap between cloud masses; "the sun shone through a rift in the clouds."
Rift (n.) A narrow fissure in rock.
Rift (n.) A personal or social separation (as between opposing factions); "they hoped to avoid a break in relations" [syn: rupture, breach, break, severance, rift, falling out].
Refuge (n.) 躲避；避難；庇護 [U] [（+from）]；避難所；藏身處；（受虐婦女的）庇護所；收容所 [C] [（+from）]；庇護人；慰藉 [C]；權宜之計 [C]；【英】（街道中央的）安全島 [C] Shelter or protection from danger or distress.
Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these Find place or refuge. -- Milton.
We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us. -- Heb. vi. 18.
Refuge (n.) That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy.
The high hills are a refuger the wild goats. -- Ps. civ. 18.
The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. -- Ps. ix. 9.
Refuge (n.) An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance.
Their latest refuge Was to send him. -- Shak.
Light must be supplied, among graceful refuges, by terracing ??? story in danger of darkness. -- Sir H. Wotton.
Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.), Certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. -- Josh. xx.
House of refuge, A charitable institution for giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or tempted.
Syn: Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.
Refuge (v. t.) 接納……避難；給予……庇護 (v. i.) 避難；逃避 To shelter; to protect. [Obs.]
Refuge (n.) A safe place; "He ran to safety" [syn: safety, refuge].
Refuge (n.) Something or someone turned to for assistance or security; "his only recourse was the police"; "took refuge in lying" [syn: recourse, refuge, resort].
Refuge (n.) A shelter from danger or hardship [syn: refuge, sanctuary, asylum].
Refuge (n.) Act of turning to for assistance; "have recourse to the courts"; "an appeal to his uncle was his last resort" [syn: recourse, resort, refuge].
Refuge (n.) Anything assuring protection to one in peril. Moses and Joshua provided six cities of refuge -- Bezer, Golan, Ramoth, Kadesh, Schekem and Hebron -- to which one who had taken life inadvertently could flee when hunted by relatives of the deceased. This admirable expedient supplied him with wholesome exercise and enabled them to enjoy the pleasures of the chase; whereby the soul of the dead man was appropriately honored by observations akin to the funeral games of early Greece.
Refugee (n.) 難民；流亡者 [C] One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.
Refugee (n.) Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes. Refulgence
Refugee (n.) An exile who flees for safety.
Refugium (n.) (pl. Refugia) (Biology) 殘遺種保護區；殘遺種分佈區；遺存棲所 An area in which a population of organisms can survive through a period of unfavourable conditions, especially glaciation.
Refulgence (n.) 光輝；燦爛 Alt. of Refulgency.
Refulgency (n.) The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.
Refulgence (n.) The quality of being bright and sending out rays of light [syn: radiance, radiancy, shine, effulgence, refulgence, refulgency].
Refulgent (a.) 輝煌的；燦爛的 Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. -- Re*ful"gent*ly, adv.
So conspicuous and refulgent a truth. -- Boyle.
Refulgent (a.) Radiating or as if radiating light; "the beaming sun"; "the effulgent daffodils"; "a radiant sunrise"; "a refulgent sunset" [syn: beaming, beamy, effulgent, radiant, refulgent].
Refund (v. t.) To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad loan.
Refund (v. t.) To pour back. [R. & Obs.]
Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would refund that color upon the object. -- Ray.
Refund (v. t.) To give back; to repay; to restore.
A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to refund what he had wrongfully taken. -- L'Estrange.
Refund (v. t.) To supply again with funds; to reimburse. [Obs.]
Refund (n.) 退還；償還 [U]；退款；償還金額 [C] Money returned to a payer.
Refund (n.) The act of returning money received previously [syn: {refund}, {repayment}].
Refund (v.) Pay back; "Please refund me my money" [syn: {refund}, {return}, {repay}, {give back}].
Refund (n.) [ C ] (B1) （尤指因為對購買的産品或服務不滿意而追回的）退款，返還款，償還金額 An amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with a product or service that you have bought.
I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/ demanded/ got/ was given a refund.
Refund (v.) [ T ] (C1) 退還；退（款）；償付 To give someone a refund.
// When I went on business to Peru, the office refunded my expenses.
// [ + Two objects ] The holiday was cancelled so the travel agency had to refund everybody the price of the tickets.
Refunder (n.) One who refunds.
Refundment (n.) 退款；退還；所退還之金額或物品 The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded. [R.] -- Lamb.
Refurbish (v. t.) 再磨光；刷新 To furbish anew.
Refurbish (v.) Make brighter and prettier; "we refurbished the guest wing"; "My wife wants us to renovate" [syn: refurbish, renovate, freshen up].
Refurnishment (n.) The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished.
The refurnishment was in a style richer than before. -- L. Wallace.
Refusable (a.) 可拒絕的 Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.
Refusal (n.) 拒絕 [U] [C] [+to-v]；優先購買權，優先取捨權 [U] [the S] The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.
Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, On my refusal, to distress me more? -- Milton.
Refusal (n.) The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an employment.
Refusal (n.) The act of refusing.
Refusal (n.) A message refusing to accept something that is offered.
Refused (imp. & p. p.) of Refuse.
Refusing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refuse.
Refuse (v. t.) 拒絕；拒受；拒給；不准 [O1]；拒不；不肯，不願 [Y] [+to-v] To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.
Refuse (v. t.) (Mil.) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar/ about to engage the enemy; as, to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks.
Refuse (v. t.) To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; as, to refuse a suitor.
The cunning workman never doth refuse The meanest tool that he may chance to use. -- Herbert.
Refuse (v. t.) To disown. [Obs.] "Refuse thy name." -- Shak.
Refuse (v. i.) 拒絕；（馬）不肯越過障礙物 To deny compliance; not to comply.
Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse. -- Garth.
If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword. -- Isa. i. 20.
Refuse (n.) 拒絕 [U] [C] [+to-v]；優先購買權，優先取捨權 [U] [the S] Refusal. [Obs.] -- Fairfax.
Refuse (n.) 廢物；垃圾；渣滓 [U] That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.
Syn: Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.
Refuse (a.) 扔掉的,無用的 Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.
Everything that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly. -- 1. Sam. xv. 9.
Refuse (n.) Food that is discarded (as from a kitchen) [syn: garbage, refuse, food waste, scraps].
Refuse (v.) Show unwillingness towards; "he declined to join the group on a hike" [syn: refuse, decline] [ant: accept, consent, go for].
Refuse (v.) Refuse to accept; "He refused my offer of hospitality" [syn: refuse, reject, pass up, turn down, decline] [ant: accept, have, take].
Refuse (v.) Elude, especially in a baffling way; "This behavior defies explanation" [syn: defy, resist, refuse] [ant: apply, lend oneself].
Refuse (v.) Refuse to let have; "She denies me every pleasure"; "he denies her her weekly allowance" [syn: deny, refuse] [ant: allow, grant].
Refuse (v.) Resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ; "His body rejected the liver of the donor" [syn: resist, reject, refuse].
Refuse (v.) Refuse entrance or membership; "They turned away hundreds of fans"; "Black people were often rejected by country clubs" [syn: reject, turn down, turn away, refuse] [ant: admit, allow in, intromit, let in].
Refuser (n.) 拒絕者 One who refuses or rejects.
Refusion (n.) 再熔；再熔化 New or repeated melting, as of metals.
Refusion (n.) [U] 恢復；復位；復辟；修復；復原；整修；重建 Restoration. "This doctrine of the refusion of the soul." -- Bp. Warbuton.
Refut (n.) Refuge. "Thou haven of refut." [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Refutability (n.) The quality of being refutable.
Refutable (a.) 可駁倒的 Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous.
Refutable (a.) Able to be refuted [syn: questionable, refutable, confutable, confutative].
Refutable () In lazy functional languages, a refutable pattern is one which may fail to match. An expression being matched against a refutable pattern is first evaluated to head normal form (which may fail to terminate) and then the top-level constructor of the result is compared with that of the pattern. If they are the same then any arguments are matched against the pattern's arguments otherwise the match fails.
An irrefutable pattern is one which always matches. An attempt to evaluate any variable in the pattern forces the pattern to be matched as though it were refutable which may fail to match (resulting in an error) or fail to terminate.
Patterns in Haskell are normally refutable but may be made irrefutable by prefixing them with a tilde (~). For example,
(\ (x,y) -> 1) undefined ==> undefined
(\ ~(x,y) -> 1) undefined ==> 1
Patterns in Miranda are refutable, except for tuples which are irrefutable. Thus
g [x] = 2
g undefined ==> undefined
f (x,y) = 1
f undefined ==> 1
Pattern bindings in local definitions are irrefutable in both languages:
h = 1 where [x] = undefined ==> 1
Irrefutable patterns can be used to simulate unlifted products because they effectively ignore the top-level constructor of the expression being matched and consider only its components. (2013-11-03)
Refutal (n.) 反駁，駁斥 Act of refuting; refutation.
Refutal (n.) The act of determining that something is false [syn: falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutation, refutal].
Refutation (n.) 反駁 The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.
Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a refutation. -- Macaulay.
Refutation (n.) The speech act of answering an attack on your assertions; "his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive"; "in defense he said the other man started it" [syn: refutation, defense, defence].
Refutation (n.) Any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something [syn: disproof, falsification, refutation].
Refutation (n.) The act of determining that something is false [syn: falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutation, refutal].
Refutatory (a.) Tending tu refute; refuting.
Refuted (imp. & p. p.) of Refute.
Refuting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refute.
Refute (v. t.) 駁斥，反駁，駁倒 To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant.
There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is impossible to refute such multitudes. -- Addison.
Syn: To confute; disprove. See Confute.
Refute (v.) Overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof; "The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments" [syn: refute, rebut].
Refute (v.) Prove to be false or incorrect [syn: refute, rebut, controvert].
Refuter (n.) One who, or that which, refutes.
Refuter (n.) A debater who refutes or disproves by offering contrary evidence or argument [syn: rebutter, disprover, refuter, confuter].
Regain (v. t.) 取回，收回；收復，恢復；返回，回到 To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.
Syn: To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.
Regain (v.) Get or find back; recover the use of; "She regained control of herself"; "She found her voice and replied quickly" [syn: recover, retrieve, find, regain].
Regain (v.) Come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost; "Did you find your glasses?"; "I cannot find my gloves!" [syn: find, regain] [ant: lose].
Regal (a.) 帝王的，王室的；莊嚴的；豪華的，堂皇的 Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal authority, pomp, or sway. "The regal title." -- Shak.
He made a scorn of his regal oath. -- Milton.
Syn: Kingly; royal. See Kingly.