Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter R - Page 28
Reexchange (v. t.) To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).
Reexchange (n.) A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.
Reexchange (n.) The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up.
Reexhibit (v. t.) To exhibit again.
Reexpel (v. t.) To expel again.
Reexperience (n.) A renewed or repeated experience.
Reexport (v. t.) To export again, as what has been imported.
Reexport (n.) Any commodity reexported; -- chiefly in the plural.
Reexportation (n.) The act of reexporting, or of exporting an import.
Reexpulsion (n.) Renewed or repeated expulsion.
Reezed (a.) Grown rank; rancid; rusty.
Refaction (n.) Recompense; atonement; retribution.
Refar (v. t.) To go over again; to repeat.
Refashion (v. t.) To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time.
Refashionment (n.) The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned.
Refasten (v. t.) To fasten again.
Refect (v. t.) To restore after hunger or fatigue; to refresh.
Refection (n.) Refreshment after hunger or fatigue; a repast; a lunch.
Refective (a.) Refreshing; restoring.
Refective (n.) That which refreshes.
Refectories (n. pl. ) of Refectory.
Refectory (n.) A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents.
Refel (v. t.) To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister.
Referred (imp. & p. p.) of Refer.
Referring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refer.
Refer (v. t.) To carry or send back.
Refer (v. t.) Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal.
Refer (v. t.) To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
Refer (v. i.) To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary.
Refer (v. i.) To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote.
Refer (v. i.) To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher referred to the late election.
Refer (v. i.) To direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story.
Referable (a.) 可認為與……有關的；可託付的；可參考的 Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written also {referrible}.]
It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain between bodies are referable to one general cause. -- W. Nicholson.
Referable (a.) Capable of being assigned or credited to; "punctuation errors ascribable to careless proofreading"; "the cancellation of the concert was due to the rain"; "the oversight was not imputable to him" [syn: {ascribable}, {due}, {imputable}, {referable}].
Referee (n.) [C] （籃球、足球、拳擊等的）裁判，裁判員；仲裁人，調停人；【英】介紹人，推薦人 One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
Syn: Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See {Judge}.
Referee (n.) (Sports) The chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play [syn: {referee}, {ref}].
Referee (n.) Someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication [syn: {reviewer}, {referee}, {reader}].
Referee (n.) An attorney appointed by a court to investigate and report on a case.
Referee (v.) (v. t.) 為……擔任裁判；仲裁，調停；審閱，鑑定 Be a referee or umpire in a sports competition [syn: {referee}, {umpire}].
Referee (v.) Evaluate professionally a colleague's work [syn: {referee}, {peer review}].
Referee (n.) A person to whom has been referred a matter in dispute, in order that he may settle it. His judgment is called an award. Vide Arbitrator; Reference.
Reference (n.) 提及；涉及 [U] [C] [（+to）]；參考，參照；參考文獻；出處 [U] [C] The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
Reference (n.) That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
Reference (n.) Relation; regard; respect.
Something that hath a reference to my state. -- Shak.
Reference (n.) One who, or that which, is referred to. Specifically:
Reference (n.) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
Reference (n.) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
Reference (n.) (Law) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.
Reference (n.) (Law) ( Equity) The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.
Reference (n.) Appeal. [R.] "Make your full reference." -- Shak.
Reference Bible, A Bible in which brief explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in the margin of the text.
Reference (n.) A remark that calls attention to something or someone; "she made frequent mention of her promotion"; "there was no mention of it"; "the speaker made several references to his wife" [syn: mention, reference].
Reference (n.) A short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage; "the student's essay failed to list several important citations"; "the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book"; "the article includes mention of similar clinical cases" [syn: citation, cite, acknowledgment, credit, reference, mention, quotation].
Reference (n.) An indicator that orients you generally; "it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved" [syn: reference point, point of reference, reference].
Reference (n.) A book to which you can refer for authoritative facts; "he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic" [syn: reference book, reference, reference work, book of facts].
Reference (n.) A formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability; "requests for character references are all too often answered evasively" [syn: character, reference, character reference].
Reference (n.) The most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to; "the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos" [syn: reference, denotation, extension].
Reference (n.) The act of referring or consulting; "reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer" [syn: reference, consultation].
Reference (n.) A publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to; "he carried an armful of references back to his desk"; "he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation" [syn: reference, source].
Reference (n.) (Computer science) The code that identifies where a piece of information is stored [syn: address, computer address, reference].
Reference (n.) The relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to; "he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes".
Reference (v.) Refer to; "he referenced his colleagues' work" [syn: reference, cite].
Pointer
Reference, () An address, from the point of view of a programming language. A pointer may be typed, with its type indicating the type of data to which it points.
The terms "pointer" and "reference" are generally interchangeable although particular programming languages often differentiate these two in subtle ways. For example, Perl always calls them references, never pointers. Conversely, in C, "pointer" is used, although "a reference" is often used to denote the concept that a pointer implements.
Anthony Hoare once said: Pointers are like jumps, leading wildly from one part of the data structure to another. Their introduction into high-level languages has been a step backward from which we may never recover.
[C.A.R.Hoare "Hints on Programming Language Design", 1973, Prentice-Hall collection of essays and papers by Tony Hoare].
Reference, () (Or "mouse pointer") An icon, usually a small arrow, that moves on the screen in response to movement of a pointing device, typically a mouse. The pointer shows the user which object on the screen will be selected etc. when a mouse button is clicked. (1999-07-07)
Reference, () practice. The act of sending any matter by a court of chancery or one exercising equitable powers, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court. By reference is also understood that part of an instrument of writing where it points to another for the matters therein contained. For the effect of such reference, see 1 Pick. R. 27; 17 Mass. R. 443; 15 Pick. R. 66; 7 Halst. R. 25; 14 Wend. R. 619; 10 Conn. R. 422; 4 Greenl. R. 14, 471; 3 Greenl. R. 393; 6 Pick. R. 460; the thing referred to is also called a reference.
Reference, () contracts. An agreement to submit to certain arbitrators, matters in dispute between two or more parties, for their decision, and judgment.
The persons to whom such matters are referred are sometimes called referees.
Reference, () mercantile law. A direction or request by a party who asks a credit to the person from whom he expects it, to call on some other person named in order to ascertain the character or mercantile standing of the former.
Referendary (n.) 仲裁者；（中世紀宮廷，教廷之）大臣 One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. [Obs.] -- Bacon.
Referendary (n.) An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. "Referendaries, or masters of request." -- Harmar.
Referendary (n.) Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.
Referendum (n.) (pl. {-da}) [C] 公民投票；（外交使節致本國政府的）請示書 A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point.
Referendum (n.) The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature.
Referendum (n.) The principle or practice of referring measures passed upon by the legislative body to the body of voters, or electorate, for approval or rejection, as in the Swiss cantons (except Freiburg) and in various local governments in the United States, and also in the local option laws, etc.; also, the right to so approve or reject laws, or the vote by which this is done. Referendum is distinguished from the mandate, or instruction of representatives by the people, from direct government by the people, in which they initiate and make the laws by direct action without representation, and from a plebiscite, or popular vote taken on any measure proposed by a person or body having the initiative but not constituting a representative or constituent body.
Referendum (n.) A legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate.
Referendum (n.) A law for submission of proposed legislation to a popular vote to learn the nonsensus of public opinion.
Referential (a.) 指示的 Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use. -- {Ref`er*en"tial*ly}, adv.
Referential (a.) Referring or pointing to something; "symbols are inherently referential".
Referment (n.) 再度發酵 The act of referring; reference. -- Laud.
Re-ferment (v. t. & i.) To ferment, or cause to ferment, again. -- Blackmore.
Referrer (n.) One who refers.
Referrible (a.) Referable. -- Hallam.
Refigure (v. t.) To figure again.
Refill (v. t. & i.) To fill, or become full, again.
Refind (v. t.) To find again; to get or experience again.
Refined (imp. & p. p.) of Refine.
Refining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Refine.
Refine (v. t.) To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.
I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined. -- Zech. xiii. 9.
Refine (v. t.) To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings.
Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges. -- Milton.
Syn: To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.
Refine (v. i.) To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.
So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains, Works itself clear, and, as it runs, refines. -- Addison.
Refine (v. i.) To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his stories. -- Dryden.
But let a lord once own the happy lines, How the wit brightens! How the style refines! -- Pope.
Refine (v. i.) To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. "He makes another paragraph about our refining in controversy." -- Atterbury.
Refine (v.) Improve or perfect by pruning or polishing; "refine one's style of writing" [syn: polish, refine, fine-tune, down].
Refine (v.) Make more complex, intricate, or richer; "refine a design or pattern" [syn: complicate, refine, rarify, elaborate].
Refine (v.) Treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; "refine paper stock"; "refine pig iron"; "refine oil."
Refine (v.) Reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; "refine sugar" [syn: refine, rectify].
Refine (v.) Attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying; "many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet."
Refine (v.) Make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of; "refine a method of analysis"; "refine the constant in the equation."
Refining the Month, () 天主教會主曆中，以每年的十一月為「煉靈月」（Refining the Month） ，強調教會對已亡兄弟姐妹們慎終追遠的追思和紀念。
Refined (a.) Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments.
Refinement (n.) The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
Refinement (n.) That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.
Refinement (n.) (Change) [ U ] 提煉；提純；精煉 The process of making a substance pure.
// The refinement of raw opium yields other drugs, such as morphine.
Refinement (n.) (Change) [ C or U ] （精細的）改進，完善 A small change that improves something.
// These refinements have increased the machine's accuracy by 25 percent.
// Clearly, the hypothesis does need some refinement, in the light of these surprising results.
Refinement (n.) (Politeness) [ U ] 文雅；高雅；有教養 A quality of politeness and education.
// She's the personification of culture and refinement.
Refiner (n.) 精製者；精鍊機 One who, or that which, refines.
Refiner (n.) One whose work is to refine a specific thing; "he was a sugar refiner".
Refiner (n.) The process of refining metals is referred to by way of illustrations in Isa. 1:25; Jer. 6:29; Zech. 13:9; Mal. 3:2, 3.
Refineries (n. pl. ) of Refinery.
Refinery (n.) 精鍊廠；煉油廠 The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.
Refinery (n.) A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal.
Refinery (n.) An industrial plant for purifying a crude substance.
Refining (n.) The process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) [syn: refining, refinement, purification].
Refit (v. t.) 整修；改裝 To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit ships of war. -- Macaulay.
Refit (v. t.) To fit out or supply a second time.
Refit (v. i.) 整修；改裝 To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to refit.
Refit (n.) 整修；改裝 Outfitting a ship again (by repairing or replacing parts).
Refit (v.) Fit out again.
Refitment (n.) （船等的）修理 The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.
Refix (v. t.) To fix again or anew; to establish anew.
Reflame (v. i.) To kindle again into flame.
Reflected (imp. & p. p.) of Reflect.
Reflecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Reflect.
Reflect (v. t.) 反射，反映，招致，歸咎，思考，想到 To bend back; to give a backwa/d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface; as, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals reflect heat.
Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our quotations. -- Fuller.
Bodies close together reflect their own color. -- Dryden.
Reflect (v. t.) To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror.
Nature is the glass reflecting God, As by the sea reflected is the sun. -- Young.
Reflect (v. i.) 反射，映出，思考，考慮，指責，懷疑 To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.
Reflect (v. i.) To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return.
Whose virtues will, I hope, Reflect on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth. -- Shak.
Reflect (v. i.) To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules.
We can not be said to reflect upon any external object, except so far as that object has been previously perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our intellectual furniture. -- Sir W. Hamilton.
All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at all times, while they are awake, but there few who reflect upon them, or make them objects of thought. -- Reid.
As I much reflected, much I mourned. -- Prior.
Reflect (v. i.) To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor.
Errors of wives reflect on husbands still. -- Dryden.
Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory of his late majesty. -- Swift.
Syn: To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate; ponder; muse; ruminate.
Reflect (v.) Manifest or bring back; "This action reflects his true beliefs".
Reflect (v.) Reflect deeply on a subject; "I mulled over the events of the afternoon"; "philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years"; "The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate" [syn: {chew over}, {think over}, {meditate}, {ponder}, {excogitate}, {contemplate}, {muse}, {reflect}, {mull}, {mull over}, {ruminate}, {speculate}].
Reflect (v.) To throw or bend back (from a surface); "Sound is reflected well in this auditorium" [syn: {reflect}, {reverberate}].
Reflect (v.) Be bright by reflecting or casting light; "Drive carefully-- the wet road reflects" [syn: {reflect}, {shine}].
Reflect (v.) Show an image of; "her sunglasses reflected his image".
Reflect (v.) Give evidence of a certain behavior; "His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him".
Reflect (v.) Give evidence of the quality of; "The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student".
Reflected (a.) 反射的 Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat, sound, etc.
Reflected (a.) Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was reflected glory.
Reflected (a.) Bent backward or outward; reflexed.
Reflected (a.) (Especially of incident sound or light) Bent or sent back; "reflected light"; "reflected heat"; "reflected glory" [ant: {unreflected}].
Reflectent (a.) Bending or flying back; reflected.
Reflectent (a.) Reflecting; as, a reflectent body.
Reflectible (a.) Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible.
Reflecting (a.) Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.
Reflecting (a.) Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting mind.
Reflectingly (adv.) With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully.
Reflection (n.) 反射；回響；反射光，回聲 [U]；映象，倒影 [C] The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically:
Reflection (n.) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See {Angle of reflection}, below.
The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things. -- Shak.
Reflection (n.) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard.
By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the understanding. -- Locke.
This delight grows and improves under thought and reflection. -- South.
Reflection (n.) Shining; brightness, as of the sun. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Reflection (n.) That which is produced by reflection. Specifically:
Reflection (n.) An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.
As the sun water we can bear, Yet not the sun, but his reflection, there. -- Dryden.
Reflection (n.) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection of a membrane.