Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter A - Page 2
Abate (v. t.) 緩和，減弱，減少，廢除 To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; to cut short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope.
His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. -- Deut. xxxiv. 7.
Abate (v. t.) To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price.
Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. -- Fuller.
Abate (v. t.) To blunt. [Obs.]
To abate the edge of envy. -- Bacon.
Abate (v. t.) To reduce in estimation; to deprive. [Obs.]
She hath abated me of half my train. -- Shak.
Abate (v. t.) (Law) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ.
Abate (v. t.) (Law) (Eng. Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets.
To abate a tax, To remit it either wholly or in part.
Abate (v. i.) 緩和，減弱，減少 To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain abates, a storm abates.
The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated. -- Macaulay.
Abate (v. t.) To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as, a writ abates.
To abate into a freehold, To abate in lands (Law), to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See Abatement, 4.
Syn: To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen.
Usage: To Abate, Subside. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or excited state. Abate expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold abates, the force of the wind abates; or, the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger abates, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter's rage abates". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people subsides, the public mind subsided into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides, his joy quickly subsided, his grief subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use abate; as, his joy will abate in the progress of time; and so in other instances.
Abate (n.) Abatement. [Obs.] -- Sir T. Browne.
Abate (v.) Make less active or intense [syn: slake, abate,
slack].
Abate (v.) Become less in amount or intensity; "The storm abated"; "The rain let up after a few hours" [syn: abate, let up, slack off, slack, die away].
Abate (v.) [ I ] (Formal) 減少；減弱；減輕；減退 To become less strong.
// The storm/ wind/ rain has started to abate.
// The fighting in the area shows no sign of abating.
Abatement (n.) 減少，減輕，緩和 The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the suppression thereof.
Abatement (n.) The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.
Abatement (n.) (Her.) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.
Abatement (n.) (Law) The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. -- Blackstone.
Defense in abatement, Plea in abatement, (Law), Plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, lack of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.
Abatement (n.) An interruption in the intensity or amount of something [syn: suspension, respite, reprieve, hiatus, abatement].
Abatement (n.) The act of abating; "laws enforcing noise abatement".
Abatement, () contracts, Is a reduction
made by the creditor, for the prompt payment of a debt due by the
payor or debtor. Wesk. on Ins. 7.
Abatement, () merc. law. By this term is understood the deduction
sometimes made at the custom-house from the duties chargeable upon goods
when they are damaged See Act of Congress, March 2, 1799, s. 52, 1 Story
L.U.S. 617.
Abatement, () pleading, Is the overthrow of an action in consequence of some error committed in bringing or conducting it when the plaintiff is not forever barred from bringing another action. 1 Chit. Pl. 434. Abatement is by plea. There can be no demurrer in abatement. Willes' Rep. 479; Salk. 220.
ABATEMENT, () 2. Pleas in abatement will be considered as relating, 1, to the jurisdiction of the court; 2, to the person of the plaintiff; 3, to that of the defendant; 4, to the writ; 5, to the qualities of such pleas ; 6, to the form of such pleas; 7, to the affidavit of the truth of pleas in abatement.
Abatement, () 3.-1. As to pleas relating to the jurisdiction of the court, see article Jurisdiction, and Arch. Civ. Pl. 290; 1 Chit. Pl. Index. tit, Jurisdiction. There is only one case in which the jurisdiction of the court may be inquired of under the general issue, and that is where no court of the country has jurisdiction of the cause, for in that case no action can be maintained by the law of the land. 3 Mass. Rep. Rea v. Hayden, 1 Dougl. 450; 3 Johns. Rep. 113; 2 Penn. Law Journal 64, Meredith v. Pierie.
Abatement, () 4.-2. Relating to the person of the plaintiff. (1.) The defendant may plead to the person of the plaintiff that there never was any such person in rerum natura. Bro. Brief, 25 ; 19 Johns. 308 Com. Dig. Abatement, E 16. And if one of several plaintiffs be a fictitious person, it abates the writ. Com. Dig. Abatement, E 16; 1 Chit. Pl. 435; Arch. Civ. Pl. 304. But a nominal plaintiff in ejectment may sustain an action. 5 Verm. 93; 19 John. 308. As to the rule in Pennsylvania, see 5 Watts, 423.
Abatement, () 5.-(2.) The defendant may plead that the plaintiff is a feme covert. Co. Lit. 132, b.; or that she is his own wife. 1 Brown. Ent. 63; and see 3 T. R. 631; 6 T. R. 265; Com. Dig. Abatement, E 6; 1 Chit. Pl. 437; Arch. Civ. Pl. 302. Coverture occurring after suit brought is a plea in abatement which cannot be pleaded after a plea in bar, unless the matter arose after the plea in bar; but in that case the defendant must not suffer a continuance to intervene between the happening of this new matter, or its coming to his knowledge, and pleading it. 4 S & R. 238; Bac. Abr. Abatement, G; 4 Mass. 659; 4 S. & R. 238; 1 Bailey, 369; 4 Vern. 545; 2 Wheat. 111; 14 Mass. 295 ; 1 Blackf. 288; 2 Bailey, 349. See 10 S. & R. 208; 7 Verm. 508; 1 Yeates, 185; 2 Dall. 184; 3 Bibb, 246.
Abatement, () 6.-(3.) That the plaintiff (unless he sue with others as executor) is an infant and has declared by attorney. 1 Chit. Pl. 436; Arch. Civ. Pi. 301; Arch. Pr. B. R. 142 ; 2 Saund. 212, a, n. 5; 1 Went. 58, 62; 7 John. R. 373; 3 N. H. Rep. 345; 8 Pick. 552; and see 7 Mass. 241; 4 Halst. 381 2 N. H. Rep. 487.
Abatement, () 7.-(4.) A suit brought by a lunatic under guardianship, shall abate. Brayt. 18.
Abatement, () 8.-(5.) Death of plaintiff before the purchase of the original writ, may be pleaded in abatement. 1 Arch. Civ. Pl. 304, 5; Com. Dig. Abatement, E 17. Death of plaintiff pending the writ might have been pleaded since the last continuance, Com. Dig. Abatement, H 32; 4 Hen. & Munf. 410; 3 Mass. 296 ; Cam. & Nor. 72; 4 Hawks, 433; 2 Root, 57; 9 Mass. 422; 4 H. & M. 410; Gilmer, 145; 2 Rand. 454; 2 Greenl. 127. But in some states, as in Pennsylvania, the, death of the plaintiff does not abate the writ; in such case the executor or administrator is substituted. The rule of the common law is, that whenever the death of any party happens, pending the writ, and yet the plea is in the same condition, as if such party were living, then such death makes no alteration; and on this rule all the diversities turn. Gilb. Com. Pleas 242.
Abatement, () 9.-(6.) Alienage, or that the plaintiff is an alien enemy. Bac. Abr. h.t.; 6 Binn. 241 ; 10 Johns. 183; 9 Mass. 363 ; Id. 377 ; 11 Mass. 119 ; 12 Mass. 8 ; 3 31. & S. 533; 2 John. Ch. R. 508; 15 East, 260; Com. Dig. Abatement, E 4; Id. Alien, C 5; 1 S. & R. 310; 1 Ch. Pl. 435; Arch. Civ. Pl. 3, 301.
Abatement, () 10.-(7.) Misnomer of plaintiff may also be pleaded in abatement. Arch. Civ. Pi. 305; 1 Chitty's Pleading, Index, tit. Misnomer. Com. Dig. Abatement, E 19, E 20, E 21, E 22; l Mass. 75; Bac. Abr. h.t.
Abatement, () 11.-(8.) If one of several joint tenants, sue in action ex contractu, Co. Lit. 180, b; Bac. Abr. Joint-tenants, K; 1 B. & P. 73; one of several joint contractors, Arch. Civ. Pl. 48-51, 53 ; one of several partners, Gow on Part. 150; one of several joint executors who have proved the will, or even if they have not proved the will, 1 Chit. Pl. 12, 13; one of several joint administrators, Ibid. 13; the defendant may plead the non-joinder in abatement. Arch. Civ. Pl. 304; see Com. Dig. Abatement, E 9, E 12, E 13, E 14.
Abatement, () 12.-(9.) If persons join as plaintiffs in an action who should not, the defendant may plead the misjoinder in abatement. Arch. Civ. Pl. 304; Com. Dig. Abatement, E 15.
Abatement, () 13.-(10.) When the plaintiff is an alleged corporation, and it is intended to contest its existence, the defendant must plead in abatement. Wright, 12; 3 Pick. 236; 1 Mass 485; 1 Pet. 450; 4 Pet. 501; 5 Pet. 231. To a suit brought in the name of the "judges of the county court," after such court has been abolished, the defendant may plead in abatement that there are no such judges. Judges, &c. v. Phillips; 2 Bay, 519.
Abatement, () 14.-3. Relating to the person of the defendant. (1.) In an action against two or more, one may plead in abatement that there never was such a person in rerum natura as A, who is named as defendant with him. Arch. Civ. Pl. 312.
Abatement, () 15.-(2.) If the defendant be a married woman, she may in general plead her coverture in abatement, 8 T. R. 545 ; Com. Dig. Abatement, F 2. The exceptions to this rule arise when the coverture is suspended. Com. Dig. Abatement, F 2, Sec. 3; Co. Lit. 132, b; 2 Bl. R. 1197; Co. B. L. 43.
Abatement, () 16.-(3.) The death of the defendant abates the writ at common law, and in some cases it does still abate the action, see Com. Dig. Abatement, H 34; 1 Hayw. 500; 2 Binn. l.; 1 Gilm. 145; 1 Const. Rep. 83; 4 McCord, 160; 7 Wheat. 530; 1 Watts, 229; 4 Mass. 480; 8 Greenl. 128; In general where the cause of action dies with the person, the suit abates by the death of the defendant before judgment. Vide Actio Personalis moritur cum persona.
ABATEMENT, () 17.-(4.) The misnomer of the defendant may be pleaded in abatement, but one defendant cannot plead the misnomer of another. Com. Dig. Abatement, F 18; Lutw. 36; 1 Chit. Pl. 440; Arch. Civ. Pl. 312. See form of a plea in abatement for a misnomer of the defendant in 3 Saund. 209, b., and see further, 1 Show. 394; Carth. 307 ; Comb. 188 ; 1 Lutw. 10 ; 5 T. R. 487.
Abatement, () 18.-(5.) When one joint tenant, Com. Dig. Abatement, F 5, or one tenant in common, in cases, where they ought to be joined, Ibid. F 6, is sued alone - he may plead in abatement. And in actions upon contracts if the plaintiff do not sue all the contractors, the defendant may plead the non-joinder in abatement. Ibid. F 8, a; 1 Wash. 9; 18 Johns. 459; 2 Johns. Cas. 382 ; 3 Caines's Rep. 99 ; Arch.. Civ. Pl. 309; 1 Chit. Pl. 441. When husband and wife should be sued jointly, and one is sued alone, the non-joinder may be pleaded in abatement. Arch. Civ. Pl. 309. The non-joinder of all the executors, who have proved the will; and the non-joinder of all the administrators of the deceased, may be pleaded in abatement. Com. Dig. Abatement, F 10.
Abatement, () 19.-(6.) In a real action if brought against several persons, they may plead several tenancy, that is, that they hold in severalty and not jointly, Com. Dig. Abatement, F 12; or one of them may take the entire tenancy on himself, and pray judgment of the writ. Id. F 13. But mis-joinder of defendant in a personal action is not the subject of a plea in abatement. Arch. Civ. Pl. 68, 310.
Abatement, () 20.-(7.) In cases where the defendant may plead non-tenure, see Arch. Civ. Pl. 310; Cro. El. 559.
Abatement, () 21.-(8.) Where he may plead a disclaimer, see Arch. Civ. Pl. 311; Com. Dig. Abatement, F 15.
Abatement, () 22.-(9.) A defendant may plead his privilege of not being sued, in abatement. Bac. Ab. Abridgment C ; see this Dict. tit. Privilege.
Abatement, () 23.-4. Plea in, abatement of the writ. (1.) Pleas in abatement of the writ or a bill are so termed rather from their effect, than from their being strictly such pleas, for as oyer of the writ can no longer be craved, no objection can be taken to matter which is merely contained in the writ, 3 B. & P. 399; 1 B. & P. 645-648; but if a mistake in the writ be carried into the declaration, or rather if the declaration, which is resumed to correspond with the writ or till, be incorrect in respect of some extrinsic matter, it is then open to the defendant to plead in abatement to the writ or bill, 1 B. & P. 648; 10 Mod. 210; and there is no plea to the declaration alone but in bar; 10 Mod. 210 ; 2 Saund. 209, d.
Abatement, () 24.-(2.) Pleas in abatement of the writ or bill and to the form or to the action. Com. Dig. Abatement, H. 1, 17.
Abatement, () 25.-(3.) Those of the first description were formerly either matter apparent on the face of the ;Writ, Com. Dig. Abatement, H l, or matters dehors. Id. H 17.
Abatement, () 26.-(4.) Formerly very trifling errors were pleadable in abatement, 1 Lutw. 25; Lilly's Ent. 6 ; 2 Rich. C. P. 5, 8 ; 1 Stra. 556; Ld. Raym. 1541; 2 Inst. 668; 2 B. & P. 395. But as oyer of the writ can no longer be had, an omission in the defendant's declaration of the defendant's addition, which is not necessary to be stated in a declaration, can in no case be pleaded in abatement. 1 Saund. 318, n. 3; 3 B. & B. 395; 7 East, 882.
Abatement, () 27.-(5.) Pleas in abatement to the form of the writ, are therefore now principally for matters dehors, Com. Dig. Abatement,H 17; Glib. C.P., 51, existing at the time of suing out the writ, or arising afterwards, such as misnomer of the plaintiff or defendant in Christian or surname.
Abatement, () 28.-(6.) Pleas in abatement to the action of the writ, and that the action is misconceived, as that it is in case where it ought to have, been in trespass, Com. Dig. Abatement, G 5 ; or that it was prematurely brought, Ibid. Abatement, G 6, and tit. Action E ; but as these matters are grounds of demurrer or nonsuit, it is now very unusual to plead them in abatement. It may also be pleaded that there is another action pending. See tit. Autre action pendant. Com. Dig. Abatement, H. 24; Bac. Ab. Abatement, M; 1 Chitty's Pi. 443.
Abatement, () 29.-6. Qualities of pleas in abatement. (1.) A writ is divisible, and may be abated in part, and remain good for the residue; and the defendant may plead in abatement to part, and demur or plead in bar to the residue of the declaration. 1 Chit. Pl. 444; 2 Saund. 210, n. The general rule is, that whatever proves the writ false at the time of suing it out, shall abate the writ entirely Gilb. C. P. 247 1 Saund. Rep. 286, (n) 7; 2 do. 72, (i) sub fin.
Abatement, () 30.-(2.) As these pleas delay the trial of the merits of the action, the greatest accuracy and precision are required in framing them; they should be certain to every intent, and be pleaded without any repugnancy. 3 T. R. 186; Willes, 42 ; 2 Bl. R. 1096 2 Saund. 298, b, n. 1 ; Com. Dig. 1, 11 Co. Lit. 392; Cro. Jac. 82; and must in general give the plaintiff a better writ. This is the true criterion to distinguish a plea in abatement from a plea in bar. 8 T. IR. 615; Bromal. 139; 1 Saund. 274, n. 4 ; 284 n. 4; 2 B. & P. 125 ; 4 T. R. 227 ; 6 East) 600 ; Com. Dig. Abatement, J 1, 2; 1 Day, 28; 3 Mass. 24; 2 Mass. 362; 1 Hayw. 501; 2 Ld. Raym. 1178; 1 East, 634. Great accuracy is also necessary in the form of the plea as to the commencement and conclusion, which is said to make the plea. Latch. 178 ; 2 Saund. 209, c. d; 3 T. R. 186.
Abatement, () 31.-6. Form of pleas in abatement. (1.) As to the form of pleas in abatement, see 1 Chit. Pl. 447; Com. Dig. Abatement, 1 19; 2 Saund. 1, n. 2.
Abatement, () 32.-7. Of the affidavit of truth. (1.) All pleas in abatement must be sworn to be true, 4 Ann. c. 16, s. 11. The affidavit may be made by the defendant or a third person, Barnes, 344, and must be positive as to the truth of every fact contained in the plea, and should leave nothing to be collected by inference; Sayer's Rep. 293; it should be stated that the plea is true in substance and fact, and not merely that the plea is a true plea. 3 Str. 705, Litt. Ent. 1; 2 Chitt. Pl. 412, 417; 1 Browne's Rep. 77 ; see. 2 Dall. 184; 1 Yeates, 185.
See further on the subject of abatement of actions, Vin. Ab. tit. Abatement; Bac. Abr. tit. Abatement; Nelson's Abr. tit. Abatement; American Dig. tit. Abatement; Story's Pl. 1 to 70; 1 Chit. Pl. 425 to 458; Whart. Dig. tit. Pleading, F. (b.) Penna. Pract. Index, h.t.; Tidd's Pr. Index, h.t.; Arch. Civ. Pl. Index, h.t.; Arch. Pract. Index, h.t. Death; Parties to actions; Plaintiff; Puis darrein continuance.
Abatement, () chancery practice, is a suspension of all proceedings in a suit, from the want of proper parties capable of proceeding therein. It differs from an abatement at law in this, that in the latter the action is in general entirely dead, and cannot be revived, 3 Bl. Com. 168 but in the former, the right to proceed is merely suspended, and may be revived by a bill of revivor. Mitf. Eq. Pl. by Jeremy, 57; Story, Eq. Pl. Sec. 354.
Abatement (n.) [ C or U ] A situation in which a rate, price, etc. goes down, or goes up more slowly than before.
// We have requested an abatement of interest on our late tax payment, as we received the tax bill late.
Abatement (n.) [ C or U ] A reduction in level, especially of something that is harmful.
// Industries have been set targets for the abatement of carbon emissions.
Noise abatement. () Measures to reduce noise at the source, to encourage quieter technologies or equipment or to prevent or reduce the propagation of sound.
Abater (n.) [法] 撤銷者，訴訟中止原因，除害者 One who, or that which, abates.
Abater (n.) A person who, or thing which, abates, especially (chiefly Law) one that abates a nuisance.
Compare: Nuisance
Nuisance (n.) 討厭的人（或事物）；麻煩事 [C]；【律】妨害行為，騷擾行為 [C] [U] A person or thing causing inconvenience or annoyance.
‘It's a nuisance having all those people clomping through the house.’
‘I hope you're not going to make a nuisance of yourself.’
Nuisance (n.) Law An act which is harmful or offensive to the public or a member of it and for which there is a legal remedy.
See also: Private nuisance, Public nuisance
Abatis (n.) Alt. of Abattis.
Abattis (n.) (Fort.) 【軍】鹿砦；有刺鐵絲網 A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.
Abatis (n.) A line of defense consisting of a barrier of felled or live trees with branches (sharpened or with barbed wire entwined) pointed toward the enemy [syn: abattis, abatis].
ABATIS, (n.) Rubbish in front of a fort, to prevent the rubbish outside from molesting the rubbish inside.
Abatised (a.) Provided with an abatis.
Abator (n.) (Law) 撤銷者，廢除者One who abates a nuisance.
Abator (n.) (Law) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. -- Blackstone.
Abator (n.) A person who abates a nuisance.
Abator (n.) Is, 1st, he who abates or prostrates a nuisance; 2, he who having no right of entry, gets possession of the freehold to the prejudice of an heir or devisee, after the time when the ancestor died, and before the heir or devisee enters. See article Abatement. Litt. Sec. 897; Perk. Sec. 383; 1 Inst. 271; 2 Prest. Abst. 296. 300. As to the consequences of an abator dying in possession, See Adams' Eject. 43.
Abattoirs (n. pl. ) of Abattoir.
Abattoir (n.) （公共）屠宰場；角鬥場 A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.
Abattoir (n.) A building where animals are butchered [syn: {abattoir}, {butchery}, {shambles}, {slaughterhouse}].
Abattoir (n.) [ C ] (Mainly UK) (US usually Slaughterhouse) （牲畜）屠宰場 A place where animals are killed for their meat.
Abature (n.) Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them. -- Crabb.
// I just matched Abature in Team Doubles and he got shit on.
Abature (Also Abatture) (n.) (Rare) (Chiefly in plural) The traces left by a stag in the undergrowth through which it has passed.
Abatvoix (n.) 吸音板 The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.
Compare: Pulpit
Pulpit (n.) [ C ] 講道壇 A raised place in a church, with steps leading up to it, from which the priest or ministerspeaks to the people during a religious ceremony.
Compare: Rostrum
Rostrum (n.) (pl. Rostrums or Rostra) 講壇，講台；（樂隊指揮站的）指揮台 A raised surface on which a person making a speech or a music conductor (= leader) stands.
Compare: Conductor
Conductor (n.) [ C ] (Music) (B2) （合唱團、樂隊等的）指揮 Someone who directs the performance of musicians or a piece of music.
// The conductor raised his baton.
// A guest conductor.
Conductor (n.) [ C ] (Public transport) (US UK Guard) 列車長 A railway official who travels on and is responsible for a train.
Conductor (n.) [ C ] (Public transport) (UK) （公共汽車、火車或其他交通工具上的）售票員 Someone whose job is to sell tickets on a bus, train, or other public vehicle.
Conductor (n.) [ C ] (Substance) 導體 A substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it.
// Metal is a good conductor of heat.
Abawed (p. p.) Astonished; abashed. [Obs.] -- Chaucer. Abaxial
Abaxial (a.) Alt. of Abaxile.
Abaxile (a.) (Bot.) [遠軸的，離軸的，軸外的 Away from the axis or central line; eccentric. -- Balfour.
Abaxial (a.) Facing away from the axis of an organ or organism; "the abaxial surface of a leaf is the underside or side facing away from the stem" [syn: abaxial, dorsal] [ant: adaxial, ventral].
Abay (n.) Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See {Bay}. [Obs.]
Abb (n.) 橫絲，緯，羊毛 Among weavers, yarn for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the abb.
ABB (n.) An urban hit squad and guerrilla group of the Communist Party in the Philippines; formed in the 1980s [syn: Alex Boncayao Brigade, ABB, Revolutionary Proletarian Army, RPA-ABB].
Abba (n.) 聖父（有些東正教和希臘正教對主教的尊稱）；天父（基督教祈禱時對上帝的稱呼） Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.
Abba, () This Syriac or Chaldee word is found three times in the New Testament (Mark 14:36; Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:6), and in each case is followed by its Greek equivalent, which is translated "father." It is a term expressing warm affection and filial confidence. It has no perfect equivalent in our language. It has passed into European languages as an ecclesiastical term, "abbot".
Abba, () Father.
Abbacies (n. pl. ) of Abbacy.
Abbacy (n.) 男修道院院長（abbot）之職位、管區、任期 The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.
Abbacy (n.) The jurisdiction or office of an abbot.
Abbatial (a.) 修道院的 Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial rights.
Abbatial (a.) Of or having to do with or belonging to an abbey or abbot, or abbess.
Abbatical (a.) Abbatial. [Obs.]
Abbe (n.) 男修道院院長；牧師；神父；長老 The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.
Note:
After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some
priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants
became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension,
the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.
-- Littr['e].
Abbe (n.) A French abbot.
Abbess (n.) 女修道院院長，尼庵住持 A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See Abbey.
Abbess (n.) The superior of a group of nuns [syn: abbess, mother superior, prioress].
Abbeys (n. pl. ) of Abbey.
Abbey (n.) 修道院，修道士；大寺院 A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings.
Note: The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by an abbess.
Abbey (n.) The church of a monastery.
Note: In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord Byron.
Syn: Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See
Cloister.
Abbey (n.) A church associated with a monastery or convent.
Abbey (n.) A convent ruled by an abbess.
Abbey (n.) A monastery ruled by an abbot.
ABBEY, () abbatia, Is a society of religious persons, having an abbot or abbess to preside over them. Formerly some of the most considerable abbots and priors in England had seats and votes in the house of lords. The prior of St. John's of Jerusalem, was styled the first baron of England, in respect to the lay barons, but he was the last of the spiritual barons.
Abbot (n.) 男修道院院長；大寺院男住持；方丈 The superior or head of an abbey.
Abbot (n.) One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. -- Encyc. Brit.
Abbot of the people. A title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa.
Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), In medi[ae]val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason. -- Encyc. Brit.
Abbot (n.) The superior of an abbey of monks [syn: abbot, archimandrite].
Abbott method (n.) For scoliosis of the spine; traction is applied to produce overcorrection, followed by casting.
Abbott method (n.) A method of treatment of scoliosis by use of a series of plaster jackets applied after partial correction of the curvature by external force.
Abbott's method (n.) (medicine) A method of treating scoliosis using plaster jackets. [1]
Abbotship (n.) 大修道院院長之職 The state or office of an abbot.
Abbreviated (imp. & p. p.) of Abbreviate.
Abbreviating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Abbreviate.
Abbreviate (v. t.) 縮短；縮寫 To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken.
It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off. -- Bacon.
Abbreviate (v. t.) (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.
Abbreviate (a.) Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] "The abbreviate form." -- Earle.
Abbreviate (a.) (Biol.) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.
Abbreviate (n.) An abridgment. [Obs.] -- Elyot.
Abbreviate (v.) Reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened" [syn: abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce] [ant: dilate, elaborate, enlarge, expand, expatiate, exposit, expound, flesh out, lucubrate].
Abbreviate (v.) Shorten; "Abbreviate `New York' and write `NY'".
Abbreviated (a.) Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.
Abbreviated (a.) (Of clothing) Very short; "an abbreviated swimsuit"; "a brief bikini" [syn: abbreviated, brief]
Abbreviated (a.) Cut short in duration; "the abbreviated speech"; "her shortened life was clearly the result of smoking"; "an unsatisfactory truncated conversation" [syn: abbreviated, shortened, truncated].
Abbreviation (n.) 縮寫；縮寫詞 The act of shortening, or reducing.
Abbreviation (n.) The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. -- Tylor.
Abbreviation (n.) The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of America.
Abbreviation (n.) (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. -- Moore.
Abbreviation (n.) A shortened form of a word or phrase.
Abbreviation (n.) Shortening something by omitting parts of it.
Abbreviation (n.) [ C ] 縮略，縮寫 A short form of a word or phrase.
// "ITV" is the abbreviation for "Independent Television".
Abbreviator (n.) [C] 使用縮寫者；縮寫的東西 One who abbreviates or shortens.
Abbreviator (n.) One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.
Abbreviator (n.) One who shortens or abridges or condenses a written work [syn: {abridger}, {abbreviator}].
Abbreviatory (a.) 縮寫的，縮略的，省略的 Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.
Abbreviature (n.) 簡短的草稿(草案) An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form. [Obs.]
Abbreviature (n.) An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.
This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian. -- Jer. Taylor.
Abb wool () See Abb.
A B C () The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.
A B C () A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading. [Obs.]
A B C () The simplest rudiments of any subject; as, the A B C of finance.
A B C book, A primer. -- Shak.
Abdal (n.) A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.
Compare: Devotee
Deotee (n.) [C] 熱心之士；愛好者，……迷 [（+of）]；虔誠（或狂熱）的宗教信徒 A person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something.
‘A devotee of Lewis Carroll.’
Deotee (n.) A strong believer in a particular religion or god.
‘Devotees of Krishna.’
Compare: Dervish
Dervish (n.) （回教的）托缽僧，苦行僧 [C] A member of a Muslim (specifically Sufi) religious order who has taken vows of poverty and austerity. Dervishes first appeared in the 12th century; they were noted for their wild or ecstatic rituals and were known as dancing, whirling, or howling dervishes according to the practice of their order.
Abderian (a.) Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.
Abderite (n.) An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.
The
Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher.
Abdest (n.) Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a
Mohammedan rite. --Heyse.
Abdicable (a.) 可放棄的；可辭職的 Capable of being abdicated.
Abdicable (a.) Capable of being discarded or renounced or relinquished; "abdicable responsibilites".
Abdicant (a.) Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders. -- Whitlock.
Abdicant (n.) 退位者 One who abdicates. -- Smart.
Abdicated (imp. & p. p.) of Abdicate.
Abdicating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Abdicate.
Abdicate (v. t.) 正式放棄（權力等）；退（位）；辭（職）；【律】廢（嫡） To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy.
Note: The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender.
The cross-bearers abdicated their service. -- Gibbon.
Abdicate (v. t.) To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.
He abdicates all right to be his own governor. -- Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions. -- Froude.
Abdicate (v. t.) To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] -- Bp. Hall.
Abdicate (v. t.) (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit.
Syn: To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert.
Usage: To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, "The king resigned his crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into view.
Abdicate (v. i.) （國王）退位；辭職；退出 [（+from）] To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy. -- Burke.
Abdicate (v.) Give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations; "The King abdicated when he married a divorcee" [syn: {abdicate}, {renounce}].
Abdicate (v.) (King/ Queen) [ I or T ] 遜位；退（位），讓（位），正式放棄（王位） If a king or queen abdicates, he or she makes a formal statement that he or she no longer wants to be king or queen.
// King Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936.
Abdicate (v.) (Not do) Abdicate responsibility (formal disapproving) 放棄職責 To stop controlling or managing something that you are in charge of.
// She abdicated all responsibility for the project.
Abdication (n.) 遜位，棄權，辭職 The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of the throne, government, power, authority.
Abdication (n.) A formal resignation and renunciation of powers [syn: {abdication}, {stepping down}].
Abdication (n.) The act of abdicating [syn: {abdication}, {stepping down}].
ABDICATION, () government. 1. A simple renunciation of an office, generally understood of a supreme office. James II. of England; Charles V. of Germany; and Christiana, Queen of Sweden, are said to have abdicated. When James III of England left the kingdom, the Commons voted that he had abdicated the government, and that thereby the throne had become vacant. The House of Lords preferred the word deserted, but the Commons thought it not comprehensive enough, for then, the king might have the liberty of returning. 2. When inferior magistrates decline or surrender their offices, they are said to make a resignation. (q.v.)
ABDICATION, (n.) An act whereby a sovereign attests his sense of the high temperature of the throne.
Poor Isabella's Dead, whose abdication Set all tongues wagging in the Spanish nation.
For that performance 'twere unfair to scold her: She wisely left a throne too hot to hold her.
To History she'll be no royal riddle -- Merely a plain parched pea that jumped the griddle. G.J.
Abdicative (a.) Causing, or implying, abdication. [R.] -- Bailey.
Abdicator (n.) 讓位者；放棄者 One who abdicates.
Abdicator (n.) One who formally relinquishes an office or responsibility.
Compare: Relinquish
Relinquish (v.) [T] (Formal) 放棄；拒絕 To give up something such as a responsibility or claim.
// He has relinquished his claim to the throne.
// She relinquished control of the family investments to her son.
Relinquish (v.) [T] (Formal) （不情願地）鬆開，放開，交出，讓予 To unwillingly stop holding or keeping something.
// She relinquished her hold/ grip on the steering wheel.
Abditive (a.) Having the quality of hiding. [R.] -- Bailey.
Abditory (n.) A place for hiding or preserving articles of value. -- Cowell.
Compare: Post-abdomen
Post-abdomen (n.) (Zool.) That part of a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more commonly called abdomen.
Abdomen (n.) (Anat.) 腹，下腹；腹部 [C] The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.
Abdomen (n.) (Zool.) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.
Abdomen (n.) The region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis [syn: {abdomen}, {venter}, {stomach}, {belly}].
Abdomen (n.) The cavity
containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the
diaphragm [syn: {abdominal cavity}, {abdomen}].
Abdomen (n.) The temple of the god Stomach, in whose worship,
with sacrificial rights, all true men engage. From women this ancient
faith commands but a stammering assent. They sometimes minister at the
altar in a half-hearted and ineffective way, but true reverence for the one
deity that men really adore they know not. If woman had a free hand in
the world's marketing the race would become graminivorous.
Abdomen (n.) [ C ] (Specialized) （人或動物的）腹（部）；（昆蟲的）腹部 The lower part of a person's or animal's body, containing the stomach, bowels, and other organs, or the end of an insect's body.
Abdominal (a.) 腹部的 Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions, muscles, cavity.
Abdominal (a.) (Zool.) Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal fishes.
Abdominal ring (Anat.), A fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the pubes; -- called also inguinal ring.
Abdominal (n.; E. pl. Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.) A fish of the group Abdominales.
Abdominal (a.) Of or relating to or near the abdomen; "abdominal muscles".
Abdominal (n.) The muscles of the abdomen [syn: abdominal, abdominal muscle, ab].
Abdominal cavity (n.) 腹腔 The cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm. [syn: abdominal cavity, abdomen].
Abdominal cavity (n.) The cavity within the abdomen that contains the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys, and the lower part of the esophagus.
Abdominal cavity (n.) The space bounded by the abdominal walls, diaphragm, and pelvis and containing most of the organs of digestion, the spleen, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands.
Abdominals (n. pl. ) of Abdominal.
Abdominales (n. pl. ) of Abdominal.
Abdominal muscle (n.) The muscles of the abdomen [syn: abdominal, abdominal muscle, ab].
Abdominal muscles (n.) Important for support of the spine, these muscles are the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus.
Abdominales (n. pl.) A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals.
Abdominalia (n. pl.) (Zool.) A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.
Abdominalia (n.) [Historical Zoology] Treated as plural. A former order of barnacles which bore into a variety of calcareous material, comprising typically small, shell-less forms having several pairs of cirri towards the end of the thorax.
Compare: Barnacle
Barnacle (n.) 藤壺（一種甲殼類動物）；戀棧的人；難以擺脫的人（或東西）；積習 A marine crustacean with an external shell, which attaches itself permanently to a variety of surfaces. Barnacles feed by filtering particles from the water using their modified feathery legs.
Class Cirripedia. See and acorn barnacle and , and goose barnacle.
Barnacle (n.) Used figuratively to describe a tenacious person or thing.
‘Buses careered along with men hanging from their doors like barnacles.’
Abdominoscopy (n.) 纖維腹腔鏡檢查 Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.
Abdominothoracic (a.) [醫] 腹胸的，腹部胸廓的 Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.
Abdominous (a.) Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
Abdominous (a.) Having a large belly [syn: abdominous, paunchy, potbellied].
Abduced (imp. & p. p.) of Abduce.
Abducing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Abduce.
Abduce (v. t.) 使外轉；把...引開；外展 To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.
Abduce (v.) Advance evidence for [syn: adduce, abduce, cite].
Abduct (v.) Take away to an undisclosed location against their will and usually in order to extract a ransom; "The industrialist's son was kidnapped" [syn: kidnap, nobble, abduct, snatch].
Abduct (v.) Pull away from the body; "this muscle abducts" [ant: adduct].
Abducted (imp. & p. p.) of Abduct.
Abducting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Abduct.
Abduct (v. t.) 誘拐；劫持；綁架 To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.
Abduct (v. t.) To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.
Abduct (v.) [ T ] (Take a person) 綁架；劫持；誘拐 To force someone to go somewhere with you, often using threats or violence.
// The company director was abducted from his car by terrorists.