Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter V - Page 21
Virgin (a.) [Z] 處女的，貞潔的[B]；純潔的，未玷汙的；未開發的；未經利用的 Pure; undefiled; unmixed; fresh; new; as, virgin soil; virgin gold. "Virgin Dutch." -- G. W. Cable.
The white cold virgin snow upon my heart. -- Shak.
A few ounces of mutton, with a little virgin oil. -- Landor.
Virgin (a.) Not yet pregnant; impregnant. -- Milton.
Virgin (v. i.) To act the virgin; to be or keep chaste; -- followed by it. See {It}, 5. [Obs.] "My true lip hath virgined it e'er since [that kiss]." -- Shak.
Virgin (a.) Being used or worked for the first time; "virgin wool."
Virgin (a.) In a state of sexual virginity; "pure and vestal modesty"; "a spinster or virgin lady"; "men have decreed that their women must be pure and virginal" [syn: {pure}, {vestal}, {virgin}, {virginal}, {virtuous}].
Virgin (n.) A person who has never had sex.
Virgin (n.) (Astrology) A person who is born while the sun is in Virgo [syn: {Virgo}, {Virgin}].
Compare: Astrology
Astrology (n.) [Mass noun] 占星術，占星學 [U] The study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world.
Ancient observers of the heavens developed elaborate systems of explanation based on the movements of the sun, moon, and planets through the constellations of the zodiac, for predicting events and for casting horoscopes. By 1700 astrology had lost intellectual credibility in the West, but continued to have popular appeal. Modern astrology is based on that of the Greeks, but other systems are extant, e.g. that of China.
Virgin (n.) The sixth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about August 23 to September 22 [syn: {Virgo}, {Virgo the Virgin}, {Virgin}].
Virgin (a.) Unused; pristine; in a known initial state. ?Let's bring up a virgin system and see if it crashes again.? (Esp.: useful after contracting a virus through SEX.) Also, by extension, buffers and the like within a program that have not yet been used.
Virgin () Unused; pristine; in a known initial state. "Let's bring up a virgin system and see if it crashes again." (Especially useful after contracting a virus through SEX.) Also, by extension, buffers and the like within a program that have not yet been used. [{Jargon File] (1994-11-30)
Virgin (n.) In a prophecy concerning our Lord, Isaiah (7:14) says, "A virgin [R.V. marg., 'the virgin'] shall conceive, and bear a son" (comp. Luke 1:31-35). The people of the land of Zidon are thus referred to by Isaiah (23:12), "O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon;" and of the people of Israel, Jeremiah (18:13) says, "The virgin of Israel hath done a very horrible thing."
Virgin, UT -- U.S. town in Utah
Population (2000): 394
Housing Units (2000): 170
Land area (2000): 11.918820 sq. miles (30.869601 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 11.918820 sq. miles (30.869601 sq. km)
FIPS code: 80530
Located within: Utah (UT), FIPS 49
Location: 37.201620 N, 113.189617 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Virgin, UT
Virgin
Virginal (a.) 處女的；像處女般的；純潔的；無垢的；新鮮的 Of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly. "Chastity and honor virginal." -- Spenser.
Virginal generation (Biol.), 單性生殖 Parthenogenesis.
Compare: Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis (n.) [Biology]【生】單性生殖 Reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, especially as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants.
‘Cyclic parthenogenesis is well displayed in aphids.’
Virginal membrane (Anat.), The hymen.
Virginal (n.) (Mus.) An instrument somewhat resembling the spinet, but having a rectangular form, like the small piano. It had strings and keys, but only one wire to a note. The instrument was used in the sixteenth century, but is now wholly obsolete. It was sometimes called a pair of virginals.
Virginal (v. i.) To play with the fingers, as if on a virginal; to tap or pat. [Obs.] "Still virginaling upon his palm!" -- Shak.
Virginal (a.) Characteristic of a virgin or virginity; "virginal white dresses."
Virginal (a.) Untouched or undefiled; "nor is there anything more virginal than the shimmer of young foliage" -- L.P.Smith
Virginal (a.) In a state of sexual virginity; "pure and vestal modesty"; "a spinster or virgin lady"; "men have decreed that their women must be pure and virginal" [syn: pure, vestal, virgin, virginal, virtuous].
Virginal (n.) A legless rectangular harpsichord; played (usually by women) in the 16th and 17th centuries [syn: virginal, pair of virginals].
Virginhood (n.) 處女；處女性；童貞；未婚女子的獨身生活 Virginity; maidenhood.
Virginia cowslip (Bot.), The American lungwort ({Mertensia Virginica).
Virginia creeper (n.) [C or U] (Bot.) A common ornamental North American woody vine ({Ampelopsis quinquefolia), climbing extensively by means of tendrils; -- called also woodbine, and American ivy. [U. S.]
Virginia creeper (n.) [C or U] (US also Woodbine) 五葉地錦（一種藤類植物）A vine ( = climbing plant ) often grown on walls, the leaves of which become dark red in autumn.
Virginia fence. See Worm fence, under Fence.
Virginia nightingale (Zool.), The cardinal bird. See under Cardinal.
Virginia quail (Zool.), The bobwhite.
Virginia reel, An old English contradance; -- so called in the United States. -- Bartlett.
Virginia stock. (Bot.) See Mahon stock.
Virginia (n.) （美國）維吉尼亞州 A state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War [syn: Virginia, Old Dominion, Old Dominion State, VA].
Virginia (n.) One of the British colonies that formed the United States
Virginia (n.) A town in northeastern Minnesota in the heart of the Mesabi Range.
Virginia, NE -- U.S. village in Nebraska
Population (2000): 67
Housing Units (2000): 35
Land area (2000): 0.098497 sq. miles (0.255105 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.098497 sq. miles (0.255105 sq. km)
FIPS code: 50790
Located within: Nebraska (NE), FIPS 31
Location: 40.245197 N, 96.497775 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 68458
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Virginia, NE
Virginia
Virginia, IL -- U.S. city in Illinois
Population (2000): 1728
Housing Units (2000): 794
Land area (2000): 1.084637 sq. miles (2.809197 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.012174 sq. miles (0.031531 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1.096811 sq. miles (2.840728 sq. km)
FIPS code: 78201
Located within: Illinois (IL), FIPS 17
Location: 39.949022 N, 90.211793 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Virginia, IL
Virginia
Virginia, MN -- U.S. city in Minnesota
Population (2000): 9157
Housing Units (2000): 4692
Land area (2000): 18.837848 sq. miles (48.789800 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.366461 sq. miles (0.949129 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 19.204309 sq. miles (49.738929 sq. km)
FIPS code: 67288
Located within: Minnesota (MN), FIPS 27
Location: 47.517213 N, 92.541355 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 55792
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Virginia, MN
Virginia
Virgin Islands (n.) 維京群島（英語：Virgin Islands）或維京群島是位於加勒比海上的背風群島中部地區內的一個小群島 The Virgin Islands are the western island group of the Leeward Islands, which are the northern part of the Lesser Antilles, and form the border between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Politically, the group is divided into the British, American, and Spanish Virgin Islands. The archipelago is separated from the Renaissance Islands by the Anegada Passage and from the main island of Puerto Rico by the Virgin Passage.
Virginity (n.) The quality or state of being a virgin; undefiled purity or chastity; maidenhood.
Virginity (n.) The unmarried life; celibacy.
Virgo (n.) A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of August, marked thus [/] in almanacs.
Virgo (n.) A constellation of the zodiac, now occupying chiefly the sign Libra, and containing the bright star Spica.
Virgouleuse (n.) An old French variety of pear, of little value.
Virgularian (n.) Any one of numerous species of long, slender Alcyonaria belonging to Virgularia and allied genera of the family Virgularidae. These corals are allied to the sea-pens, but have a long rodlike rhachis inclosing a slender, round or square, calcareous axis. The polyps are arranged in transverse rows or clusters along each side of the rhachis.
Virgulate (a.) Shaped like a little twig or rod.
Virgule (n.) A comma.
Virial (n.) A certain function relating to a system of forces and their points of application, -- first used by Clausius in the investigation of problems in molecular physics.
Virid (a.) Green.
Viridescence (n.) Quality or state of being viridescent.
Viridescent (a.) Slightly green; greenish.
Viridine (n.) A greenish, oily, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C12H19N7, obtained from coal tar, and probably consisting of a mixture of several metameric compounds which are higher derivatives of the base pyridine.
Viridite (n.) A greenish chloritic mineral common in certain igneous rocks, as diabase, as a result of alternation.
Viridity (n.) 碧綠；新鮮 Greenness; verdure; the color of grass and foliage.
Viridity (n.) Freshness; soundness. [Obs.] -- Evelyn.
Viridness (n.) Viridity; greenness.
Virile (a.) Having the nature, properties, or qualities, of an adult man; characteristic of developed manhood; hence, masterful; forceful; specifically, capable of begetting; -- opposed to womanly, feminine, and puerile; as, virile age, virile power, virile organs.
Virility (n.) The quality or state of being virile; developed manhood; manliness; specif., the power of procreation; as, exhaustion. "Virility of visage." -- Holland.
Virility (n.) The masculine property of being capable of copulation and procreation.
Virility (n.) The trait of being manly; having the characteristics of an adult male [syn: manfulness, manliness, virility].
Viripotent (a.) Developed in manhood; hence, able to beget; marriageable. [Obs.]
Being not of ripe years, not viripotent. -- Holinshed.
Virmilion (n.) See Vermilion. [R.]
Virole (n.) (Her.) A ring surrounding a bugle or hunting horn.
Viroled (a.) (Her.) Furnished with a virole or viroles; -- said of a horn or a bugle when the rings are of different tincture from the rest of the horn.
Virologist (n.) 病毒學家 A specialist in virology.
Virology (n.) 【醫】病毒學 The branch of medical science that studies viruses and viral diseases.
Virose (a.) Having a nauseous odor; fetid; poisonous. [R.]
Virovore ( n.) [C] An organism that eats viruses.
What if science could harness an organism that had the power to eat viruses? … According to a study published in late 2022 on PNAS, a previously unknown microbe called a “virovore” does just that. Newly defined, virovores sustain themselves by consuming viruses, just like all other living creatures survive by converting energy from other animals and plants.
Virtu (n.) A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities. -- J. Spence.
An article of virtu, or a piece of virtu an object of art or antiquity; a curiosity, such as those found in museums or private collections.
I had thoughts, in my chambers to place it in view, To be shown to my friends as a piece of virt[`u]. -- Goldsmith.
Virtu (n.) Love of or taste for fine objects of art [syn: virtu, vertu, connoisseurship].
Virtu (n.) Artistic quality [syn: virtu, vertu].
Virtu (n.) Objet d'art collectively (especially fine antiques).
Virtual (a.) Having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the agency of the material or sensible part; potential; energizing.
Heat and cold have a virtual transition, without communication of substance. -- Bacon.
Every kind that lives, Fomented by his virtual power, and warmed. -- Milton.
Virtual (a.) Being in essence or effect, not in fact; as, the virtual presence of a man in his agent or substitute.
A thing has a virtual existence when it has all the conditions necessary to its actual existence. -- Fleming.
To mask
by slight differences in the manners a virtual identity in the substance. -- De
Quincey.
Principle of virtual velocities (Mech.), The law that when several
forces are in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of their virtual moments is equal to
zero.
Virtual focus (Opt.), The point from which rays, having been
rendered divergent by reflection of refraction, appear to issue; the point at
which converging rays would meet if not reflected or refracted before
they reach it.
Virtual image. (Optics) See under Image.
Virtual moment (Of a force) (Mech.), The product of the intensity of the force multiplied by the virtual velocity of its point of application; -- sometimes called virtual work.
Virtual velocity (Mech.), A minute hypothetical displacement, assumed in analysis to facilitate the investigation of statical problems. With respect to any given force of a number of forces holding a material system in equilibrium, it is the projection, upon the direction of the force, of a line joining its point of
application with a new position of that point indefinitely near to the first, to which the point is conceived to have been moved, without disturbing the equilibrium of the system, or the connections of its parts with each other.
Strictly speaking, it is not a velocity but a length.
Virtual work. (Mech.) See Virtual moment, above.
Virtual (a.) Being actually such in almost every respect; "a practical failure"; "the once elegant temple lay in virtual ruin" [syn: virtual(a), practical(a)].
Virtual (a.) Existing in essence or effect though not in actual fact; "a virtual dependence on charity"; "a virtual revolution"; "virtual reality."
Virtual (a.) [via the technical term virtual memory, prob.: from the term virtual image in optics] Common alternative to logical; often used to refer to the artificial objects (like addressable virtual memory larger than physical memory) simulated by a computer system as a convenient way to manage access to shared resources.
Virtual (a.) Simulated; performing the functions of something that isn't really there. An imaginative child's doll may be a virtual playmate. Oppose real.
Virtual (Via the technical term virtual memory, probably from the term "virtual image" in optics) Common alternative to logical; often used to refer to the artificial objects (like addressable virtual memory larger than physical memory) created by a computer system to help the system control access to shared resources.
Virtual () Simulated; performing the functions of something that isn't really there. An imaginative child's doll may be a virtual playmate.
Opposite of real or physical. [{Jargon File] (1994-11-30)
Virtual dissection (n.) The cutting apart of an animal to examine its anatomical structure, typically done on a computer, either online or through a computer program; a anatomical laboratory lesson through computer simulation. They offer a new virtual dissection software system available to schools who are ready to do away with costly and messy labs.
Virtuality (n.) The quality or state of being virtual.
Virtuality (n.) Potentiality; efficacy; potential existence.
Virtually (adv.) In a virtual manner; in efficacy or effect only, and not actually; to all intents and purposes; practically.
Virtuate (v. t.) To make efficacious; to give virtue of efficacy.
Virtue (n.) 德行，美德，優點，功效，效力，英勇 Manly strength or courage; bravery; daring; spirit; valor.
Virtue (n.) Active quality or power; capacity or power adequate to the production of a given effect; energy; strength; potency; efficacy; as, the virtue of a medicine.
Virtue (n.) Energy or influence operating without contact of the material or sensible substance.
Virtue (n.) Excellence; value; merit; meritoriousness; worth.
Virtue (n.) Specifically, moral excellence; integrity of character; purity of soul; performance of duty.
Virtue (n.) A particular moral excellence; as, the virtue of temperance, of charity, etc.
Virtue (n.) Specifically: Chastity; purity; especially, the chastity of women; virginity.
Virtue (n.) One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy.
Virtue (n.) The quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong [syn: {virtue}, {virtuousness}, {moral excellence}].
Virtue (n.) Any admirable quality or attribute; "work of great merit" [syn: {merit}, {virtue}] [ant: {demerit}, {fault}].
Virtue (n.) Morality with respect to sexual relations [syn: {virtue}, {chastity}, {sexual morality}].
Virtue (n.) A particular moral excellence.
Virtue (n.) (Good morals) (C2) [ C or U ] 美德；高尚品德 A good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of being morally good.
// Patience is a virtue.
Compare: Vice
Vice (prefix) (also Vice-) 副職的；副的 Used as part of the title of particular positions. The person who holds one of these positions is next below in authority to the person who holds the full position and can act for them.
// The vice captain of the team.
// A vice admiral.
Vice (n.) (Fault) (C2) [ C or U ] 墮落，邪惡；不良習氣，惡習 A amoral fault or weakness in someone's character.
// Greed, pride, envy, and lust are considered to be vices.
// (Mainly humorous) My one real vice (= bad habit) is chocolate.
Vice (n.) (Fault) [ U ] （尤指與性或毒品有關的）罪行，道德敗壞行為 Illegal and immoral activities, especially involving illegal sex, drugs, etc.
// The chief of police said that he was committed to wiping out vice in the city.
Vice (n.) (Tool) [ C ] (mainly UK) (US usually vise) 老虎鉗；台鉗 A tool with two parts that can be moved together by tightening a screw so that an object can be held firmly between them while it is being worked on.
// Vices are often used to hold pieces of wood that are being cut or smoothed.
Her hand tightened like a vice around his arm.
Virtueless (a.) Destitute of virtue; without efficacy or operating qualities; powerless.
Virtuosity (n.) （在美術、音樂等方面的）精湛技藝；對藝術品（或古董等）的愛好 The quality or state of being a virtuoso; in a bad sense, the character of one in whom mere artistic feeling or aesthetic cultivation takes the place of religious character; sentimentalism.
This famous passage . . . over which the virtuosity of modern times, rejoicing in evil, has hung so fondly. -- C. Kingsley.
Virtuosity (n.) Virtuosos, collectively. -- Carlyle.
Virtuosity (n.) An art or study affected by virtuosos.
Virtuosity (n.) Technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso.
Virtuosos (n. pl. ) of Virtuoso.
Virtuosi (n. pl. ) of Virtuoso.
Virtuoso (n.) 藝術愛好者；古董收藏家；藝術大師；音樂名手 One devoted to virtu; one skilled in the fine arts, in antiquities, and the like; a collector or ardent admirer of curiosities, etc.
Virtuoso the Italians call a man who loves the noble arts, and is a critic in them. -- Dryden.
Virtuoso (n.) (Mus.) A performer on some instrument, as the violin or the piano, who excels in the technical part of his art; a brilliant concert player.
Virtuoso (a.) Having or revealing supreme mastery or skill; "a consummate artist"; "consummate skill"; "a masterful speaker"; "masterful technique"; "a masterly performance of the sonata"; "a virtuoso performance" [syn: consummate, masterful, masterly, virtuoso(a)].
Virtuoso (n.) Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field [syn: ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whiz, whizz, wizard, wiz]. A musician who is a consummate master of technique and Artistry.
Virtuoso (n.) [ C ] (pl. Virtuosos or virtuosi) （尤指演奏樂器或表演的）名家，能手 A person who is extremely skilled at something, especially at playing an instrument or performing.
// Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole Porter was also a virtuoso on the piano.
Virtuoso (a.) [Before noun ] 熟練的；精湛的 Extremely skilled.
// The Times critic described her dancing as "a virtuoso performance of dazzling accomplishment."
Virtuosoship (n.) 藝術品鑒賞家；古董收藏家；藝術大師 (virtuoso的變形) The condition, pursuits, or occupation of a virtuoso.
Virtuous (a.) 有道德的；善良的；正直的；貞潔的 Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically:
Virtuous (a.) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [Obs.]
Old Priam's son, amongst them all, was chiefly virtuous. -- Chapman.
Virtuous (a.) Having power or efficacy; powerfully operative; efficacious; potent. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Lifting up his virtuous staff on high, He smote the sea, which calm['e]d was with speed. -- Spenser.
Every virtuous plant and healing herb. -- Milton.
Virtuous (a.) Having moral excellence; characterized by morality; upright; righteous; pure; as, a virtuous action.
The virtuous mind that ever walks attended By a strong siding champion, conscience. -- Milton.
Virtuous (a.) Chaste; pure; -- applied especially to women.
Mistress Ford . . . the virtuous creature, that hath the jealous fool to her husband. -- Shak. -- {Vir"tu*ous*ly}, adv. -- {Vir"tu*ous*ness}, n. Virulence
Virtuous (a.) Morally excellent [ant: {wicked}].
Virtuous (a.) In a state of sexual virginity; "pure and vestal modesty"; "a spinster or virgin lady"; "men have decreed that their women must be pure and virginal" [syn: {pure}, {vestal}, {virgin}, {virginal}, {virtuous}].
Virulence (n.) Alt. of Virulency.
Virulency (n.) The quality or state of being virulent or venomous; poisonousness; malignancy.
Virulency (n.) Extreme bitterness or malignity of disposition.
Virulent (a.) 劇毒的，致命的，刻毒的，惡毒的，惡性的，有病毒的，充滿敵意的 Extremely poisonous or venomous; very active in doing injury.
Virulent (a.) Very bitter in enmity; actuated by a desire to injure; malignant; as, a virulent invective.
Virulent (a.) Extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom; "venomous snakes"; "a virulent insect bite" [syn: {deadly}, {venomous}, {virulent}].
Virulent (a.) Infectious; having the ability to cause disease [ant: {avirulent}].
Virulent (a.) Harsh or corrosive in tone; "an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose"; "a barrage of acid comments"; "her acrid remarks make her many enemies"; "bitter words"; "blistering criticism"; "caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics"; "a sulfurous denunciation"; "a vitriolic critique" [syn: {acerb}, {acerbic}, {acid}, {acrid}, {bitter}, {blistering}, {caustic}, {sulfurous}, {sulphurous}, {virulent}, {vitriolic}].
Virulented (a.) Made virulent; poisoned.
Virulently (adv.) In a virulent manner.
Virus (n.) (Med.) [C] 病毒；濾過性病毒；病毒感染 Contagious or poisonous matter, as of specific ulcers, the bite of snakes, etc.; -- applied to organic poisons. [Archaic]
Virus (n.) The causative agent of a disease, . [obsolescent]
Virus (n.) Any of numerous submicroscopic complex organic objects which have genetic material and may be considered as living organisms but have no proper cell membrane, and thus cannot by themselves perform metabolic processes, requiring entry into a host cell in order to multiply. The simplest viruses have no lipid envelope and may be considered as complex aggregates of molecules, sometimes only a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a coat protein. They are sometimes viewed as being on the borderline between living and nonliving objects. They are smaller than living cells in size, usually between 20 and 300 nm; thus they pass through standard filters, and were previously referred to as filterable virus. The manifestations of disease caused by multiplication of viruses in cells may be due to destruction of the cells caused by subversion of the cellular metabolic processes by the virus, or by synthesis of a virus-specific toxin. Viruses may infect animals, plants, or microorganisms; those infecting bacteria are also called bacteriophages. Certain bacteriophages may be non-destructive and benign in the host; -- see bacteriophage.
Virus (n.) Fig.: Any morbid corrupting quality in intellectual or moral conditions; something that poisons the mind or the soul; as, the virus of obscene books.
Virus (n.) (Computers) a program or segment of program code that may make copies of itself (replicate), attach itself to other programs, and perform unwanted actions within a computer; also called computer virus or virus program. Such programs are almost always introduced into a computer without the knowledge or assent of its owner, and are often malicious, causing destructive actions such as erasing data on disk, but sometime only annoying, causing peculiar objects to appear on the display. The form of sociopathic mental disease that causes a programmer to write such a program has not yet been given a name. Compare trojan horse [3].
Virus (n.) (Virology) Ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein.
Virus (n.) A harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone."
Virus (n.) A software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" [syn: virus, computer virus].
Virus (n.) [From the obvious analogy with biological viruses, via SF] A cracker program that searches out other programs and ?infects? them by embedding a copy of itself in them, so that they become Trojan horses. When these programs are executed, the embedded virus is executed too, thus propagating the ?infection?. This normally happens invisibly to the user. Unlike a { worm, a virus cannot infect other computers without assistance. It is propagated by vectors such as humans trading programs with their friends (see SEX). The virus may do nothing but propagate itself and then allow the program to run normally. Usually, however, after propagating silently for a while, it starts doing things like writing cute messages on the terminal or playing strange tricks with the display (some viruses include nice display hacks). Many nasty viruses, written by particularly perversely minded crackers, do irreversible damage, like nuking all the user's files.
In the 1990s, viruses became a serious problem, especially among Windows users; the lack of security on these machines enables viruses to spread easily, even infecting the operating system (Unix machines, by contrast, are immune to such attacks). The production of special anti-virus software has become an industry, and a number of exaggerated media reports have caused outbreaks of near hysteria among users; many lusers tend to blame everything that doesn't work as they had expected on virus attacks.
Accordingly, this sense of virus has passed not only into techspeak but into also popular usage (where it is often incorrectly used to denote a { worm or even a Trojan horse). See phage; compare back door; see also Unix conspiracy.
Computer virus (n. ph.) 電腦病毒A computer virus [1] is a type of malware that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code into those programs. [2] [3] If this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected" with a computer virus, a metaphor derived from biological viruses.[4]
Virus
Computer virus
Viruses
(By analogy with biological viruses, via science fiction) A program or piece of code, a type of malware, written by a cracker, that "infects" one or more other programs by embedding a copy of itself in them, so that they become Trojan horses. When these programs are executed, the embedded virus is executed too, thus propagating the "infection". This normally happens invisibly to the user.
A virus has an "engine" - code that enables it to propagate and optionally a "payload" - what it does apart from propagating. It needs a "host" - the particular hardware and software environment on which it can run and a "trigger" - the event that starts it running.
Unlike a worm, a virus cannot infect other computers without assistance. It is propagated by vectors such as humans trading programs with their friends (see SEX). The virus may do nothing but propagate itself and then allow the program to run normally. Usually, however, after propagating silently for a while, it starts doing things like writing "cute" messages on the terminal or playing strange tricks with the display (some viruses include display hacks). Viruses written by particularly antisocial crackers may do irreversible damage, like deleting files.
By the 1990s, viruses had become a serious problem, especially among IBM PC and Macintosh users (the lack of security on these machines enables viruses to spread easily, even infecting the operating system). The production of special antivirus software has become an industry, and a number of exaggerated media reports have caused outbreaks of near hysteria among users. Many lusers tend to blame *everything* that doesn't work as they had expected on virus attacks. Accordingly, this sense of "virus" has passed into popular usage where it is often incorrectly used for other types of malware such as worms or Trojan horses.
See boot virus, phage. Compare back door. See also Unix conspiracy. [{Jargon File] (2003-06-20)
Vis (n.) Force; power.
Vis (n.) (Law) Physical force.
Vis (n.) (Law) Moral power.
Principle of vis viva (Mech.), The principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done.
Vis impressa [L.] (Mech.), Force exerted, as in moving a body, or changing the direction of its motion; impressed force.
Vis inertiae. [L.] (a) The resistance of matter, as when a body at rest is set in motion, or a body in motion is brought to rest, or has its motion changed, either in direction or in velocity.
Vis inertiae. [L.] (b) Inertness; inactivity.
Note: Vis intertiae and inertia are not strictly synonymous. The former implies the resistance itself which is given, while the latter implies merely the property by which it is given.
Vis mortua [L.] (Mech.), Dead force; force doing no active work, but only producing pressure.
Vis vitae, or Vis vitalis [L.] (Physiol.), Vital force.
Vis viva [L.] (Mech.), Living force; the force of a body moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in motion. See Kinetic energy, in the Note under Energy. The term vis viva is not usually understood to include that part of the kinetic energy of the body which is due to the vibrations of its molecules.
VIS, () Verlaessliche InformationsSysteme (GI).
VIS, () Virtual Instruction Set (Sun, CPU).
VIS, () Visual Interactive Simulation
VIS. () A Latin word which signifies force. In law it means any kind of force, violence, or disturbance, relating to a man's person or his property.
Visa (n.) See Vis['e]
Visaed (imp. & p. p.) of Visa.
Visaing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Visa.
Vis'e (n.) A document or an indorsement made on a passport by the proper authorities of certain countries, denoting that the passport has been examined, and that the person who bears it is permitted to proceed on her journey. Same as {visa}; -- an older spelling now used less frequently than {visa}.
Visa (v. t.) 在（護照等）上簽證 To indorse, after examination, with the word vise, as a passport; to vis['e].
Visa (n.) [F.] （護照等上的）簽證 [C] A written stamp or document obtained by a citizen of one country from the proper authorities of another country, denoting that that person's passport has been examined, and that the person who bears the visa is permitted to enter or pass through the second country. It is usually in the form of an endorsement on the passport of the person seeking permission to enter a foreign country; however, in some cases a separate document is issued that does not create a mark in the passport. Same as {Vis['e]}.
Visa (n.) A credit card issued with the Trade Name "Visa" on it; as, he charged the dinner to his Visa. Visa is a competitor of {Master Card}, {Discover}, {MBNA}, and {American Express}, and other credit card companies.
Visa (n.) An endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it.
Visa (v.) Provide (a passport) with a visa.
Visa (v.) Approve officially; "The list of speakers must be visaed."
VISA (n.), Civ. law. The formula put upon an act; a register; a commercial book, in order to approve of it and authenticate it.
Compare: Endorse
Endorse (v.) (US indorse) [With object] 在（發票、票據等）背面簽名，背書；簽署（姓名）；批註（公文等）；【英】在（駕駛執照背面）註上違章事項；贊同；認可 Declare one's public approval or support of.
‘The report was endorsed by the college.’
Endorse (v.) Recommend (a product) in an advertisement.
‘He earns more money endorsing sports clothes than playing football.’
Endorse (v.) Sign (a cheque or bill of exchange) on the back to make it payable to someone other than the stated payee or to accept responsibility for paying it.
Endorse (v.) Write (a comment) on a document.
‘The speed and accuracy achieved will be endorsed on the certificate.’
Endorse (v.) (In the UK) Mark (a driving licence) with the penalty points given as a punishment for a driving offence.
‘His licence was endorsed with five points.’
‘She's had her licence endorsed.’
Endorse (v.) (Endorse someone out) (In South Africa under apartheid) Order a black person to leave an urban area for failing to meet certain requirements of the Native Laws Amendment Act.
‘A further 500,000 blacks had been endorsed out of urban areas under the pass laws.’
Visage (n.) [C]【文】 臉（常指面容、表情等）；外表；外觀；臉龐 The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. -- Chaucer. "A visage of demand." -- Shak.
His visage was so marred more than any man. -- Isa. lii. 14.
Love and beauty still that visage grace. -- Waller.
Visage (v. t.) To face. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Visage (n.) The human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British) [syn: countenance, physiognomy, phiz, visage, kisser, smiler, mug].
Visage (n.) The appearance conveyed by a person's face; "a pleasant countenance"; "a stern visage" [syn: countenance, visage].
Visaged (a.) Having a visage.
Visard (n.) A mask. See Visor.
Visard (v. t.) To mask.
Vis-a-vis (n.) One who, or that which, is face to face with another; esp., one who faces another in dancing.
Vis-a-vis (n.) A carriage in which two persons sit face to face. Also, a form of sofa with seats for two persons, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides.
Vis-a-vis (adv.) Face to face.
Viscacha (n.) Alt. of Viz-cacha
Viz-cacha (n.) A large burrowing South American rodent (Lagostomus trichodactylus) allied to the chinchillas, but much larger. Its fur is soft and rather long, mottled gray above, white or yellowish white beneath. There is a white band across the muzzle, and a dark band on each cheek. It inhabits grassy plains, and is noted for its extensive burrows and for heaping up miscellaneous articles at the mouth of its burrows. Called also biscacha, bizcacha, vischacha, vishatscha.
Viscera (n.) pl. of Viscus.
Visceral (a.) (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the viscera; splanchnic.
Visceral (a.) Fig.: Having deep sensibility. [R.] -- Bp. Reynolds.
Visceral (a.) Proceeding from emotion or instinct rather than from intellect; deeply emotional; -- as, a visceral reaction.
Visceral (a.) Dealing with coarse or base emotions; -- as, a visceral literary style. -- [RHUD]
Visceral arches (Anat.), The bars or ridges between the visceral clefts.
Visceral cavity or Visceral tube (Anat.), The ventral cavity of a vertebrate, which contains the alimentary canal, as distinguished from the dorsal, or cerebro-spinal, canal.
Visceral clefts (Anat.), Transverse clefts on the sides just back of the mouth in the vertebrate embryo, which open into the pharyngeal portion of the alimentary canal, and correspond to the branchial clefts in adult fishes.
Visceral (a.) Relating to or affecting the viscera; "visceral bleeding"; "a splanchnic nerve" [syn: visceral, splanchnic].
Visceral (a.) Obtained through intuition rather than from reasoning or observation [syn: intuitive, nonrational, visceral].
Viscerated (imp. & p. p.) of Viscerate.
Viscerating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Viscerate.
Viscerate (v. t.) To deprive of the viscera, or entrails; to eviscerate; to disembowel.
Visceroskeletal (a.) (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the framework, or skeleton, or skeleton, of the viscera; as, the visceroskeletal system of muscles. -- Mivart.
Viscid (a.) 黏的，膠黏的，黏質的；半流體的 Sticking or adhering, and having a ropy or glutinous consistency; viscous; glutinous; sticky; tenacious; clammy; as, turpentine, tar, gums, etc., are more or less viscid.
Viscid (a.) Having the sticky properties of an adhesive [syn: gluey, glutinous, gummy, mucilaginous, pasty, sticky, viscid, viscous].
Viscidity (n.) The quality or state of being viscid; also, that which is viscid; glutinous concretion; stickiness.
Viscidity (n.) The property of being cohesive and sticky [syn: cohesiveness, glueyness, gluiness, gumminess, tackiness, ropiness, viscidity, viscidness].
Viscin (n.) (Chem.) A clear, viscous, tasteless substance extracted from the mucilaginous sap of the mistletoe (Viscum album), holly, etc., and constituting an essential ingredient of birdlime.
Viscoidal (a.) Somewhat viscous. Cf. Mobile, a., 2.