Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter S - Page 200
Surety (n.) Hence, a substitute; a hostage. -- Cowper.
Surety (n.) Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.]
She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. -- Shak.
Surety (v. t.) To act as surety for. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Surety (n.) Something clearly established.
Surety (n.) Property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation; "bankers are reluctant to lend without good security" [syn: security, surety].
Surety (n.) A prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms [syn: hostage, surety].
Surety (n.) One who provides a warrant or guarantee to another [syn: guarantor, surety, warrantor, warranter].
Surety (n.) A guarantee that an obligation will be met [syn: security, surety].
Surety () One who becomes responsible for another. Christ is the surety of the better covenant (Heb. 7:22). In him we have the assurance that all its provisions will be fully and faithfully carried out. Solomon warns against incautiously becoming security for another (Prov. 6:1-5; 11:15; 17:18; 20:16).
Surety, () contracts. A person who binds himself for the payment of a sum of money or for the performance of something else, for another, who is already bound for the same. A surety differs from a guarantor, and the latter cannot be sued until after a suit against the principal. 10 Watts, 258.
Surety, () The surety differs from bail in this, that the latter actually has, or is by law presumed to have, the custody of his principal, while the former has no control over him. The bail may surrender his principal in discharge of his obligation; the surety cannot be discharged by such surrender.
Surety, () In Pennsylvania it has been decided that the creditor is bound to sue the principal when requested by the surety, and the debt is due; and that when proper notice is given by the surety that unless the principal be sued, be will consider himself discharged, he will be so considered, unless the principal be sued. 8 Serg. & Rawle, 116; 15 Serg. & Rawle, 29, 30; S. P. in Alabama, 9 Porter, R. 409. But in general a creditor may resort to the surety for the payment of his debt in the first place, without applying to the principal. 1 Watts, 28O; 7 Ham. part 1, 223. Vide Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.; Contribution; Contracts; Suretyship.
Suretyship (n.) The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. -- Bouvier.
Suretyship, () contracts. An accessory agreement by which a person binds himself for another already bound, either in whole or in part, as for his debt, default or miscarriage.
Suretyship, () The person undertaken for must be liable as well as the person giving the promise, for otherwise the promise would be a principal and not a collateral agreement, and the prommissor would be liable in the first instance; for example, a married woman would. Not be liable upon her contract, and the person who should become surety for her that she would perform it would be responsible as a principal and not as a surety. Pitm. on P. & S. 13; Burge on Sur. 6; Poth. Ob. n. 306. If a Person undertakes as a surety when he knows the obligation, of the principal is void, he becomes a principal: 2 Id. Raym. 1066; 1 Burr. 373.
Suretyship, () As the contract of suretyship must relate to the same subject as the principal obligation, it follows that it must not be of greater extent or more onerous' either in its amount, or in the time or manner, or place of performance, than such principal obligation; and if it so exceed, ii will be void, as to such excess. But the obligation of the surety may be less onerous, both in its amount, and in the time, place and manner of its performance, that of the principal debtor; it may be for a less amount, or the time may be more protracted. Burge, on Sur. 4, 5.
Suretyship, () The contract of suretyship may be entered into by all persons who are sui juris, and capable of entering into other contracts. See Parties to contracts.
Suretyship, () It must be made upon a sufficient consideration. See Consideration.
Suretyship, () The contract of suretyship or guaranty, requires a present agreement between the contracting parties; and care must be taken to observe the distinction between an actual guaranty, and an offer to guaranty at a future time; when an offer is made, it must be accepted before it becomes binding. 1 M. & S. 557; 2 Stark. 371; Cr. M. & Ros. 692.
Suretyship, () Where the statute of frauds, 29 Car. II., c. 3, is in force, or its principles have been adopted, the contract of suretyship "to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another person," must be in writing, &c.
Suretyship, () The contract of suretyship is discharged and becomes extinct, 1st. Either by the terms of the contract itself. 2d. By the acts to which both the creditor and principal alone are parties. 3d. By the acts of the creditor and sureties. 4th. By fraud. 5th. By operation of law.
Suretyship, () When by his contract the surety limits the period of time for which he is willing to be responsible, it is clear he cannot be held liable for a longer period; as when he engages that an officer who is elected annually shall faithfully perform his duty during his continuance in office; his obligation does not extend for the performance of his duty by the same officer who may be elected for a second year. Burge on Sur. 63, 113; 1 McCord, 41; 2 Campb. 39; 3 Ad. & Ell. N. S. 276; 2 Saund. 411 a; 6 East, 512; 2 M. & S. 370; New R. (5 B. & P.) 180; 2 M. & S. 363; 9 Moore, 102.
Suretyship, () The contract of suretyship becomes extinct or discharged by the acts of the principal and of the creditor without any act of the surety. This may be done, 1. By payment, by the principal. 2. By release of the principal. 3. By tender made by principal to the creditor. 4. By compromise. 5. By accord and satisfaction. 6. By novation. 7. By delegation. 8. By set-off. 9. By alteration of the contract.
Suretyship, () When the principal makes payment, the sureties are immediately discharged, because the obligation no longer exists. But as payment is the act of two parties, the party tendering the debt and the party receiving it, the money or thing due must be accepted. 7 Pick 88; 4 Pick. 83; 8 Pick. 122. See Payment.
Suretyship, () As the release of the principal discharges the obligation, the surety is also discharged by it.
Suretyship, () A lawful tender made by the principal or his authorized agent, to the creditor or his authorized agent, will discharge the surety. See. 2 Blackf. 87; 1 Rawle, 408; 2 Fairf. 475; 13 Pet. 136.
Suretyship, () When the creditor and principal make a compromise by which the principal is discharged, the surety is also discharged. 11 Ves. 420; 3 Bro. C. C. 1; Addis. on Contr. 443.
Suretyship, () Accord and satisfaction between the principal and the creditor will discharge the surety, as by that the whole obligation becomes extinct. See Accord and satisfaction.
Suretyship, () It is evident that a simple novation, or the making a new contract and annulling the old, must, by the destruction of the obligation, discharge the surety.
Suretyship, () An absolute delegation, where the principal procures another person to assume the payment upon condition that he shall be discharged, will have the effect to discharge the surety. See Delegation.
Suretyship, () When the principal has a just set-off to the whole claim of the creditor, the surety is discharged.
Suretyship, () If the principal and creditor change the nature of the contract, so that it is no longer the same, the surety will be discharged; and even extending the time of payment, without the consent of the surety, when the agreement to give time is founded upon a valuable consideration, is such an alteration of the contract as discharges the surety. See Giving Time.
Suretyship, () The contract is discharged by the acts of the creditor and surety, 1. By payment made by the surety. 2. By release of the surety by the creditor. 3. By compromise between them. 4. By accord and satisfaction. 5. By set off.
Suretyship, () Fraud by the creditor in relation to the obligation of the surety, or by the debtor with the knowledge or assent of the creditor, will discharge the liability of the surety. 3 B. & C. 605; S. C. 6 Dowl. & Ry. 505; 6 Bing. N. C. 142.
Suretyship, () The contract of suretyship is discharged by operation of law, 1. By confusion. 2. prescription, or the act of limitations. 3. By bankruptcy.
Suretyship, () The contract of suretyship is discharged by confusion or merger of rights; as, where the obligee marries the obligor. Burge on Sur. 256; 2 Ves. p. 264; 1 Salk. 306; Cro. Car. 551.
Suretyship, () The act of limitations or prescription is a perfect bar to a recovery against a surety, after a sufficient lapse of time, when the creditor was sui juris and of a capacity to sue.
Suretyship, () The discharge of the surety under the bankrupt laws, will put an end to his liability, unless otherwise provided for in the law.
Suretyship, () The surety has the right to pay and discharge the obligation the moment the principal is in default, and have immediate recourse to his principal. He need not wait for the commencement of an action, or the issue of legal process, but he cannot accelerate the liability of the principal, and if he pays money voluntarily before the time of payment arrives, he will have no cause of action until such time, or if he pays after the principal obligation has been discharged, when he was under no obligation to pay, he has no ground of action.
Suretyship, () Co-sureties are in general bound in solido to pay the debt, when the principal fails, and if one be compelled to pay the whole, he may demand contribution from the rest, and recover from them their several proportions of their common liability in an action for money paid by him to their use. 6 Ves. 807; 12 M. & W. 421 8 M. & W. 589; 4 Scott, N. S. 429. See, generally, 15 East, R. 617; Yelv. 47 n.; 20 Vin. Ab. 101; 1 Supp. to Ves. jr. 220, 498, 9; Ayliffe's Pand. 559; Poth. Obl. part 2, c. 6; 1 Bell's Com. 350, 5th ed.; Giting time; Principal; Surety.
Surf (n.) The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach.
Surf (n.) The bottom of a drain.
Surface (n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
Surface (n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
Surface (n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
Surface (n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
Surfaced (imp. & p. p.) of Surface.
Surfacing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surface.
Surface (v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
Surface (v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Surfacer (n.) A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
Surfboat (n.) A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of contact with the beach.
Surfeit (n.) Excess in eating and drinking.
Surfeit (n.) Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking.
Surfeit (n.) Disgust caused by excess; satiety.
Surfeit (v. i.) To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess.
Surfeit (v. i.) To indulge to satiety in any gratification.
Surfeited (imp. & p. p.) of Surfeit.
Surfeiting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surfeit.
Surfeit (v. t.) To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; -- often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with sweets.
Surfeit (v. t.) To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with compliments.
Surfeiter (n.) One who surfeits.
Surfeit-water (n.) Water for the cure of surfeits.
Surfel (v. t.) Alt. of Surfle.
Surfle (v. t.) To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared from the sulphur.
Surfer (n.) The surf duck.
Surmen (n. pl. ) of Surfman.
Surfman (n.) One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.
Surfoot (a.) Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed.
Surfy (a.) Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy shore.
Surge (n.) 巨湧，洶湧，澎湃 A spring; a fountain.
Surge (n.) A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced generally by a high wind.
Surge (n.) The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.
Surge (n.) The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.
Surge (v. i.) 洶湧，澎湃，振蕩，滑脫，放鬆 To swell; to rise hifg and roll.
Surge (v. i.) To slip along a windlass.
Surged (imp. & p. p.) of Surge.
Surging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surge.
Surge (v. t.) 急放 To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).
Surgeful (a.) Abounding in surges; surgy.
Surgeless (a.) Free from surges; smooth; calm.
Surgent (a.) Rising; swelling, as a flood.
Surgeon (n.) One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.
Surgeon (n.) Any one of numerous species of chaetodont fishes of the family Teuthidae, or Acanthuridae, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon.
Surgeoncy (n.) The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service.
Surgeonry (n.) Surgery.
Surgery (n.) The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional treatment.
Surgery (n.) A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.
Surgical (a.) Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments.
Surgically (adv.) By means of surgery.
Surgy (a.) Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling.
Suricat (n.) Same as Zenick.
Surinam toad () A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.
Surintendant (n.) Superintendent.
Surlily (adv.) In a surly manner.
Surliness (n.) The quality or state of being surly.
Surling (n.) A sour, morose fellow.
Surloin (n.) A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.
Surly (a.) Arrogant; haughty.
Surly (a.) Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly language; a surly look.
Surly (a.) Rough; dark; tempestuous.
Surmark (n.) A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed.
Surmisable (a.) Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.
Surmisal (n.) Surmise.
Surmise (n.) A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy.
Surmise (n.) Reflection; thought.
Surmised (imp. & p. p.) of Surmise.
Surmising (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surmise.
Surmise (v. t.) To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess.
Surmiser (n.) One who surmises.
Surmising () a. & n. from Surmise, v.
Surmounted (imp. & p. p.) of Surmount.
Surmounting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surmount.
Surmount (v. t.) 克服；越過；登上；在……頂上；高於；覆蓋在……頂上；裝在……頂上[H]；【舊】優於，勝過；超過 To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop.
The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. -- Sir W. Raleigh.
Surmount (v. t.) To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles. -- Macaulay.
Surmount (v. t.) To surpass; to exceed. -- Spenser.
What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. -- Milton.
Syn: To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.
Surmount (v.) Get on top of; deal with successfully; "He overcame his shyness" [syn: overcome, get over, subdue, surmount, master].
Surmount (v.) Be on top of; "The scarf surmounted the gown."
Surmount (v.) Reach the highest point of; "We scaled the Mont Blanc" [syn: scale, surmount].
Surmount (v.) Be or do something to a greater degree; "her performance surpasses that of any other student I know"; "She outdoes all other athletes"; "This exceeds all my expectations"; "This car outperforms all others in its class" [syn: surpass, outstrip, outmatch, outgo, exceed, outdo, surmount, outperform].
Surmountable (a.) 可克服的；可超越的 [Z] Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable. -- Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.
Surmountable (a.) Capable of being surmounted or overcome; "situations of measurable and surmountable danger" [ant: insurmountable, unsurmountable].
Surmountable (a.) Capable of being surmounted [syn: surmountable, climbable].
Surmounted (a.) Having its vertical height greater than the half span; -- said of an arch.
Surmounted (a.) Partly covered by another charge; -- said of an ordinary or other bearing.
Surmounter (n.) One who, or that which, surmounts.
Surmullet (a.) Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millidae, esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly prized as a food fish. See Mullet.
Surmulot (n.) The brown, or Norway, rat.
Surname (n.) A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.
Surname (n.) An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen.
Surnamed (imp. & p. p.) of Surname.
Surnaming (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surname.
Surname (v. t.) To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
Surnominal (a.) Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.
Suroxidate (v. t.) To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide.
Suroxide (n.) A peroxide.
Surpassed (imp. & p. p.) of Surpass.
Surpassing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Surpass.
Surpass (v. t.) 勝過；優於；大於；多於[（+in）]；非……所能辦到（或理解） To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. -- Milton.
Syn: To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.
Surpass (v.) Distinguish oneself; "She excelled in math" [syn: excel, stand out, surpass].
Surpass (v.) Be or do something to a greater degree; "her performance surpasses that of any other student I know"; "She outdoes all other athletes"; "This exceeds all my expectations"; "This car outperforms all others in its class" [syn: surpass, outstrip, outmatch, outgo, exceed, outdo, surmount, outperform].
Surpass (v.) Move past; "A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window"; "He passed his professor in the hall"; "One line of soldiers surpassed the other" [syn: travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by, pass].
Surpass (v.) Be greater in scope or size than some standard; "Their loyalty exceeds their national bonds" [syn: exceed, transcend, surpass].
Surpassable (a.) 可超過的，可勝過的 That may be surpassed.
Surpassing (a. & adv.) 非凡的（地）；卓越的（地）；出眾的（地）；surpass的動詞現在分詞、動名詞 Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory crowned." -- Milton. -- Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.
Surpassing (a.) Exceeding or surpassing usual limits especially in excellence [syn: transcendent, surpassing].
Surpassing (a.) Far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree; "a night of exceeding darkness"; "an exceptional memory"; "olympian efforts to save the city from bankruptcy"; "the young Mozart's prodigious talents" [syn: exceeding, exceptional, olympian, prodigious, surpassing].
Surpassing (a.) [ Before noun ] (Literary) 出色的，卓越的 Extremely great.
// A face of surpassing beauty.
Surphul (v. t.) To surfel. [Obs.] -- Marston.