Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter S - Page 185
Substitute (n.) (Mil.) A person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man.
Hast thou not made me here thy substitute? -- Milton.
Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol. -- De Quincey.
Substituted (imp. & p. p.) of Substitute.
Substituting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Substitute.
Substitute (v. t.) To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others. -- Congreve.
Substitute (a.) Capable of substituting in any of several positions on a team; "a utility infielder" [syn: utility(a), substitute(a)].
Substitute (a.) Serving or used in place of another; "an alternative plan" [syn: alternate, alternative, substitute].
Substitute (a.) Artificial and inferior; "ersatz coffee"; "substitute coffee" [syn: ersatz, substitute].
Substitute (n.) A person or thing that takes or can take the place of another [syn: substitute, replacement].
Substitute (n.) An athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced [syn: substitute, reserve, second-stringer].
Substitute (n.) Someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult); "the star had a stand-in for dangerous scenes"; "we need extra employees for summer fill-ins" [syn: stand-in, substitute, relief, reliever, backup, backup man, fill-in].
Substitute (v.) Put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; "the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt"; "substitute regular milk with fat-free milk"; "synonyms can be interchanged without a changing the context's meaning" [syn: substitute, replace, interchange, exchange].
Substitute (v.) Be a substitute; "The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague"; "The skim milk substitutes for cream--we are on a strict diet" [syn: substitute, sub, stand in, fill in].
Substitute (v.) Act as a substitute; "She stood in for the soprano who suffered from a cold" [syn: substitute, deputize, deputise, step in].
Substitute
SUB, () (SUB) ASCII character 26. [Why?] (1996-06-28)
Substitute, () contracts. One placed under another to transact business for him; in letters of attorney, power is generally given to the attorney to nominate and appoint a substitute.
Substitute, () Without such power, the authority given to one person cannot in general be delegated to another, because it is a personal trust and confidence, and is not therefore transmissible. The authority is given to him to exercise his judgment and discretion, and it cannot be said that the trust and confidence reposed in him shall be exercised at the discretion of another. 2 Atk. 88; 2 Ves. 645. But an authority may be delegated to another, when the attorney has express power to do so. Bunb. 166; T. Jones, 110. See Story, Ag. Sec. 13, 14. When a man is drawn in the militia, he may in some cases hire a substitute.
Substituted (a.) Exchanged; put in the place of another.
Substituted (a.) (Chem.) Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia.
Substituted executor (Law), An executor appointed to act in place of one removed or resigned.
Substitution (n.) The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.
Substitution (n.) The state of being substituted for another.
Substitution (n.) The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority. [R.] -- Shak.
Substitution (n.) (Civil Law) The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him. --Burrill.
Substitution (n.) (Theol.) The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.
Substitution (n.) (Chem.) The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.
Substitution (n.) An event in which one thing is substituted for another; "the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood" [syn: substitution, permutation, transposition, replacement, switch].
Substitution (n.) The act of putting one thing or person in the place of another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help" [syn: substitution, exchange, commutation].
Substitution, () civil law. In the law of devises, it is the putting of one person in the place of another, so that he may, in default of ability in the former, or after him, have the benefit of a devise or legacy.
Substitution, () It is a species of subrogation made in two different ways; the first is direct substitution, and the latter a trust or fidei commissary substitution. The first or direct substitution, is merely the institution of a second legatee, in case the first should be either incapable or unwilling to accept the legacy; for example, if a testator should give to Peter his estate, but in case he cannot legally receive it, or he willfully refuses it, then I give it to Paul; this is a direct substitution. Fidei commissary substitution is that which takes place when the person substituted is not to receive the legacy until after the first legatee, and consequently must receive the thing bequeathed from the hands of the latter for example, I institute Peter my heir, and I request that at his death he shall deliver my succession to Paul. Merl. Repert. h.t.; 5 Toull. 14.
Substitution, () chancery practice. This takes place in a case where a creditor has a lien on two different parcels of land, and another creditor has a subsequent lien on one only of the parcels, and the prior creditor elects to have his whole demand out of the parcel of land on which the subsequent creditor takes his lien; the latter is entitled, by way of substitution, to have the prior lien assigned to him for his benefit. 1 Johns. Ch. R. 409; 2 Hawk's Rep. 623; 2 Mason, R. 342. And in a case where a bond creditor exacts the whole of the debt from one of the sureties, that surety is entitled to be substituted in his place, and to a cession of his rights and securities, as if be were a purchaser, either against the principal or his co-sureties. Id. 413; 1 Paige's R. 185; 7 John. Ch. Rep. 211; 10 Watts, R. 148.
Substitution, () A surety on paying the debt is entitled to stand in the place of the creditor and to be subrogated to all his rights against the principal. 2 Johns. Ch. R. 454. 4 Johns. Ch. R. 123; 1 Edw. R. 164; 7 John. R. 584; 3 Paige's R. 117; 2 Call, R. 125; 2 Yerg. R. 346; 1 Gill & John. 346; 6 Rand. R. 98,; 8 Watts, R. 384. In Pennsylvania it is provided by act of assembly, that in all cases where a constable shall be entrusted with the execution of any process for the collection of money, and by neglect of duty shall fail to collect the same, by means whereof the bail or security of such constable shall be compelled to pay the amount of any judgment shall vest in the person paying, as aforesaid, the equitable interest in such judgment, and the amount due upon any such judgment may be collected in the name of the plaintiff for the use of such person. Pamphlet Laws, 1828-29, p. 370. Vide 2 Binn. R. 382, and Subrogation.
Substitutional (a.) Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of another; substituted. -- Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.
Substitutionary (a.) Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.
Substitutive (a.) Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution; capable of being substituted. -- Bp. Wilkins.
Substract (v. t.) To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] -- Barrow.
Substraction (n.) Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]
Substraction (n.) (Law) See Subtraction, 3.
Substraction, () French law. The act of taking something fraudulently; it is generally applied to the taking of the goods of the estate of a deceased person fraudulently. Vide Expilation.
Substractor (n.) One who subtracts.
Substractor (n.) A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Substrate (n.) A substratum. [R.]
Substrate (a.) Having very slight furrows. [R.]
Substrate (v. t.) To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.]
The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand. -- Boyle.
Substrate (n.) The substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment.
Substrate (n.) A surface on which an organism grows or is attached; "the gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants" [syn: substrate, substratum].
Substrate (n.) Any stratum or layer lying underneath another [syn: substrate, substratum].
Substrate (n.) An indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population; "the Celtic languages of Britain are a substrate for English" [syn: substrate, substratum].
Substrate, () The body or base layer of an integrated circuit, onto which other layers are deposited to form the circuit.
The substrate is usually Silicon, though Sapphire is used for certain applications, particularly military, where radiation resistance is important. The substrate is originally part of the wafer from which the die is cut. It is used as the electrical ground for the circuit. (1996-04-07)
Substrata (n. pl. ) of Substratum.
Substratum (n.) That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.
Substratum (n.) (Metaph.) The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.
Substruct (v. t.) To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.]
He substructs the religion of Asia as the base. -- Emerson.
Substruction (n.) (Arch.) Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the natural level of the ground.
It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very remarkable. -- Evelyn.
Substructure (n.) (Arch.) Same as Substruction.
Substructure (n.) An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.
Substructure (n.) The basic structure or features of a system or organization [syn: infrastructure, substructure].
Substructure (n.) Lowest support of a structure; "it was built on a base of solid rock"; "he stood at the foot of the tower" [syn: foundation, base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure].
Substylar (a.) Pertaining to the substyle.
Substyle (n.) (Dialing) A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also substile.] -- Hutton.
Subsulphate (n.) (Chem.) A sulphate with an excess of the base.
Subsulphide (n.) (Chem.) A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.
Subsultive (a.) Subsultory. [R.] -- Berkley.
Subsultory (a.) Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] -- Sub*sul"to*ri*ly, adv. [R.]
Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the continuous, -- these are the two frequent extremities to which the French manner betrays men. -- De Quincey.
Subsultus (n.) (Med.) A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.
Subsumable (a.) Capable of being subsumed. -- J. B. Stallo.
Subsume (v. t.) To take up into or under, as individual under species, species under genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under something else.
To subsume one proposition under another. -- De Quincey.
A principle under which one might subsume men's most strenuous efforts after righteousness. -- W. Pater.
Subsume (v.) Contain or include; "This new system subsumes the old one."
Subsume (v.) Consider (an instance of something) as part of a general rule or principle [syn: subsume, colligate].
Subsumption (n.) The act of subsuming, or of including under another.
The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of that of which we were conscious under this notion. -- Sir W. Hamilton.
Subsumption (n.) That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a syllogism.
But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption under the rule. -- De Quincey.
Subsumption (n.) The premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion) [syn: minor premise, minor premiss, subsumption].
Subsumption (n.) Incorporating something under a more general category.
Subsumptive (a.) Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. -- Coleridge.
Subtangent (n.) (Geom.) The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.
Subtartarean (a.) Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. "Subtartarean powers." -- Pope.
Subtectacle (n.) A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.] -- Davies (Holy Roode).
Subtegulaneous (a.) Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]
Subtenant (n.) (Law) One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a tenant; an undertenant.
SUB-TENANT. () The same as under-tenant. See Under-leaser; Under-tenant, and 1 Bell's Com. 76.
Subtended (imp. & p. p.) of Subtend.
Subtending (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Subtend.
Subtend (v. t.) To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.
Subtense (n.) (Geom.) A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the subtense of an arc.
Subtepid (a.) Slightly tepid.
Subterete (a.) Somewhat terete. Subterfluent
Subterfluent (a.) Alt. of Subterfluous.
Subterfluous (a.) Running under or beneath. [R.]
Subterfuge (n.) 藉口；託辭 That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion.
Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument. -- I. Watts.
By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by rendering it nugatory. -- Burke.
Subterfuge (n.) Something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity; "he wasn't sick -- it was just a subterfuge"; "the holding company was just a blind" [syn: subterfuge, blind].
Subterrane (n.) 洞穴；【地】掩蓋基岩 A cave or room under ground. [R.] -- J. Bryant.
Subterraneal (a.) Subterranean. [Obs.]
Subterranean (a.) 地下的 [B]；隱蔽的；祕密的 [B] Alt. of Subterraneous
Subterraneous (a.) Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage. -- Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.
Subterranean (a.) Being or operating under the surface of the earth; "subterranean passages"; "a subsurface flow of water" [syn: subterranean, subterraneous]
Subterranean (a.) Lying beyond what is openly revealed or avowed (especially being kept in the background or deliberately concealed); "subterranean motives for murder"; "looked too closely for an ulterior purpose in all knowledge"- Bertrand Russell [syn: subterranean, subterraneous, ulterior].
Subterranean (a.) Also sub·ter·ra·ne·ous. Existing, situated, or operating below the surface of the earth; underground.
Subterranean (a.) Also sub·ter·ra·ne·ous. Existing or operating out of sight or secretly; hidden or secret.
Subterranean (n.) 在地下生活（或工作）的人 [C] A person or thing that is subterranean.
Subterranean (n.) A subterrane.
Subterranity (n.) A place under ground; a subterrany.
Subterrany (a.) Subterranean.
Subterrany (n.) A subterranean place.
Subterrene (a.) Subterraneous.
Subterrestrial (a.) Subterranean.
Subthalamic (a.) Situated under the optic thalamus.
Subtile (a.) Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a subtile medium.
Subtile (a.) Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven.
Subtile (a.) Acute; piercing; searching.
Subtile (a.) Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate; refined; subtle.
Subtile (a.) Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme.
Subtiliate (v. t.) To make thin or rare.
Subtilism (n.) The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.
Subtility (n.) Subtilty.
Subtilization (n.) The act of making subtile.
Subtilization (n.) The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.
Subtilization (n.) Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.
Subtilized (imp. & p. p.) of Subtilize.
Subtilizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Subtilize.
Subtilize (v. t.) To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.
Subtilize (v. t.) To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments.
Subtilize (v. i.) To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions.
Subtilizer (n.) One who subtilizes.
Subtilty (n.) The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the subtility of air or light.
Subtilty (n.) Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.
Subtilty (n.) Cunning; skill; craft.
Subtilty (n.) Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice; a trick; subtlety.
Subtle (a.) Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; -- applied to persons; as, a subtle foe.
Subtle (a.) Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem.
Subtle (a.) Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.
Subtle (a.) Smooth and deceptive.
Subtle (a.) (Approving) (C2) Not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious in any way.
// The room was painted a subtle shade of pink.
// The play's message is perhaps too subtle to be understood by young children.
Subtle (a.) (Approving) Small but important.
// There is a subtle difference between these two plans.
Subtle (a.) (Approving) (C2) Achieved in a quiet way that does not attract attention to itself and is therefore good or clever.
// A subtle plan/ suggestion.
// Subtle questions.
Subtleness (n.) The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.
Subtleties (n. pl. ) of Subtlety.
Subtlety (n.) The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness.
Subtlety (n.) Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of discrimination.
Subtlety (n.) Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive.
Subtly (adv.) In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
Subtly (adv.) Nicely; delicately.
Subtly (adv.) Deceitfully; delusively.
Subtonic (a.) (Phonetics) Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect]155, 199-202.