Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter S - Page 130
Spiegel iron () (Metal.) A fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon (from three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese. When the manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards it has a granular structure, and constitutes the alloy ferro manganese, largely used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel. Called also specular pig iron, spiegel, and spiegeleisen.
Spiegel iron (n.) Pig iron containing manganese; used as a deoxidizing agent and to raise the manganese content in making steel [syn: spiegeleisen, spiegel, spiegel iron].
Spight (n. & v.) Spite. [Obs.] -- Spenser.
Spight (n.) A woodpecker. See Speight. [Obs.]
Speight (n.) (Zool.) A woodpecker; -- called also specht, spekt, spight. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Spicknel (n.) (Bot.) An umbelliferous herb ({Meum Athamanticum) having finely divided leaves, common in Europe; -- called also baldmoney, mew, and bearwort. [Written also spignel.]
Spignel (n.) (Bot.) Same as Spickenel.
Spignet (n.) (Bot.) An aromatic plant of America. See Spikenard.
Spikenard (n.) (Bot.) An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the Aralia racemosa, often called spignet, and used as a medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the Nardostachys Jatamansi, a native of the Himalayan region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is still prepared in India.
Spikenard (n.) A fragrant essential oil, as that from the Nardostachys Jatamansi.
Spigot (n.) A pin or peg used to stop the vent in a cask; also, the plug of a faucet or cock.
Spigot and faucet joint, A joint for uniting pipes, formed by the insertion of the end of one pipe, or pipe fitting, into a socket at the end of another.
Spigot (n.) A plug for a bunghole in a cask [syn: tap, spigot].
Spigot (n.) A regulator for controlling the flow of a liquid from a reservoir [syn: faucet, spigot].
Spigurnel (n.) Formerly the title of the sealer of writs in chancery.
Spike (n.) A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron set with points upward or outward.
Spike (n.) Anything resembling such a nail in shape.
He wears on his head the corona radiata . . .; the spikes that shoot out represent the rays of the sun. -- Addison.
Spike (n.) An ear of corn or grain.
Spike (n.) (Bot.) A kind of flower cluster in which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis.
Spike grass (Bot.), Either of two tall perennial Americ grasses ({Uniola paniculata, and Uniola latifolia) having broad leaves and large flattened spikelets.
Spike protein (n.) 棘狀蛋白 The spike protein (S protein) is a large type I transmembrane protein ranging from 1,160 amino acids for avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and up to 1,400 amino acids for feline coronavirus (FCoV) (Figure 1). In addition, this protein is highly glycosylated as it contains 21 to 35 N-glycosylation sites. Spike proteins assemble into trimers on the virion surface to form the distinctive "corona", or crown-like appearance. The ectodomain of all CoV spike proteins share the same organization in two domains: a N-terminal domain named S1 that is responsible for receptor binding and a C-terminal S2 domain responsible for fusion (Figure 2). CoV diversity is reflected in the variable spike proteins (S proteins), which have evolved into forms differing in their receptor interactions and their response to various environmental triggers of virus-cell membrane fusion.
It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. Indeed, the recombinant Spike protein can bind with recombinant ACE2 protein.
A notable distinction between the spike proteins of different coronaviruses is whether it is cleaved or not during assembly and exocytosis of virions. With some exceptions, in most alphacoronaviruses and the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV, the virions harbor a spike protein that is uncleaved, whereas in some beta- and all gammacoronaviruses the protein is found cleaved between the S1 and S2 domains, typically by furin, a Golgi-resident host protease. Interestingly, within the betacoronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) species, different strains, such as MHV-2 and MHV-A59 display different cleavage requirements. This has important consequences on their fusogenicity.
Spike rush. (Bot.) See under Rush.
Spike shell (Zool.), Any pteropod of the genus Styliola having a slender conical shell.
Spike team, Three horses, or a horse and a yoke of oxen, harnessed together, a horse leading the oxen or the span. [U.S.]
Spiked (imp. & p. p.) of Spike.
Spiking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Spike.
Spike (v. t.) To fasten with spikes, or long, large nails; as, to spike down planks.
Spike (v. t.) To set or furnish with spikes.
Spike (v. t.) To fix on a spike. [R.] -- Young.
Spike (v. t.) To stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving a spike nail, or the like into it.
Spike (n.) (Bot.) Spike lavender. See Lavender.
Oil of spike (Chem.), A colorless or yellowish aromatic oil extracted from the European broad-leaved lavender, or aspic ({Lavendula Spica), used in artist's varnish and in veterinary medicine. It is often adulterated with oil of turpentine, which it much resembles.
Spike (n.) A transient variation in voltage or current.
Spike (n.) Sports equipment consisting of a sharp point on the sole of a shoe worn by athletes; "spikes provide greater traction".
Spike (n.) Fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn [syn: ear, spike, capitulum].
Spike (n.) (Botany) An indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile
flowers on an unbranched axis.
Spike (n.) A sharp rise followed by a sharp decline; "the seismograph showed a sharp spike in response to the temblor".
Spike (n.) A very high narrow heel on women's shoes [syn: spike heel, spike, stiletto heel].
Spike (n.) Each of the sharp points on the soles of athletic shoes to prevent slipping (or the shoes themselves); "the second baseman sharpened his spikes before every game"; "golfers' spikes damage the putting greens".
Spike (n.) A sharp-pointed projection along the top of a fence or wall (or a dinosaur).
Spike (n.) A long, thin sharp-pointed implement (wood or metal); "one of the spikes impaled him".
Spike (n.) Any holding device consisting of a rigid, sharp-pointed object; "the spike pierced the receipts and held them in order" [syn: spike, spindle].
Spike (n.) A large stout nail; "they used spikes to fasten the rails to a railroad tie"
Spike (v.) Stand in the way of.
Spike (v.) Pierce with a sharp stake or point; "impale a shrimp on a skewer" [syn: transfix, impale, empale, spike].
Spike (v.) Secure with spikes.
Spike (v.) Bring forth a spike or spikes; "my hyacinths and orchids are spiking now" [syn: spike, spike out].
Spike (v.) Add alcohol to (beverages); "the punch is spiked!" [syn: spike, lace, fortify].
Spike (v.) Manifest a sharp increase; "the voltage spiked".
Spike (v.) To defeat a selection mechanism by introducing a (sometimes temporary) device that forces a specific result. The word is used in several industries; telephone engineers refer to spiking a relay by inserting a pin to hold the relay in either the closed or open state, and railroaders refer to spiking a track switch so that it cannot be moved. In programming environments it normally refers to a temporary change, usually for testing purposes (as opposed to a permanent change, which would be called { hardwired).
Spike (v.) [Borderline techspeak] A visible peak in an otherwise rather constant graph (e.g. a sudden surge in line voltage, an unexpected short ?high? on a logical line in a circuit). Hackers frequently use this for a sudden short increase in some quantity such as system load or network traffic.
Spike () To defeat a selection mechanism by introducing a (sometimes temporary) device that forces a specific result. The word is used in several industries; telephone engineers refer to spiking a relay by inserting a pin to hold the relay in either the closed or open state, and railroaders refer to spiking a track switch so that it cannot be moved. In programming environments it normally refers to a temporary change, usually for testing purposes (as opposed to a permanent change, which would be called hard-coded). (1999-10-18)
Spikebill (n.) The hooded merganser.
Spikebill (n.) The marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa).
Spiked (a.) Furnished or set with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes; stopped with spikes.
Spikefish (n.) See Sailfish (a).
Spikelet (n.) A small or secondary spike; especially, one of the ultimate parts of the in florescence of grasses. See Illust. of Quaking grass.
Spikenard (n.) An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the Aralia racemosa, often called spignet, and used as a medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the Nardostachys Jatamansi, a native of the Himalayan region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is still prepared in India.
Spikenard (n.) A fragrant essential oil, as that from the Nardostachys Jatamansi.
Spiketail (n.) The pintail duck.
Spiky (a.) Like a spike; spikelike.
Spiky (a.) Having a sharp point, or sharp points; furnished or armed with spikes.
Spile (n.) A small plug or wooden pin, used to stop a vent, as in a cask.
Spile (n.) A small tube or spout inserted in a tree for conducting sap, as from a sugar maple.
Spile (n.) A large stake driven into the ground as a support for some superstructure; a pile.
Spile (v. t.) To supply with a spile or a spigot; to make a small vent in, as a cask.
Spilikin (n.) （木、象牙等做的）玩耍用小塊；數數遊戲；（複數）（把木片、象牙碎片堆起來，一片一片取走，不能動到其他片的）挑片遊戲 One of a number of small pieces or pegs of wood, ivory, bone, or other material, for playing a game, or for counting the score in a game, as in cribbage. In the plural ({spilikins), a game played with such pieces; pushpin. [Written also spillikin, spilliken.]
Spill (n.) A bit of wood split off; a splinter.
Spill (n.) A slender piece of anything.
Spill (n.) A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask; a spile.
Spill (n.) A metallic rod or pin.
Spill (n.) A small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as a lamplighter, etc.
Spill (n.) One of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground.
Spill (n.) A little sum of money.
Spilt (imp. & p. p.) of Spill.
Spilling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Spill.
Spill (v. t.) To cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc.; to inlay.
Spilled (imp. & p. p.) of Spill.
Spilt () of Spill.
Spilling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Spill.
Spill (v. t.) To destroy; to kill; to put an end to.
Spill (v. t.) To mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy by misuse; to waste.
Spill (v. t.) To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose, or suffer to be scattered; -- applied to fluids and to substances whose particles are small and loose; as, to spill water from a pail; to spill quicksilver from a vessel; to spill powder from a paper; to spill sand or flour.
Spill (v. t.) To cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed, or suffer to be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter; as, a man spills another's blood, or his own blood.
Spill (v. t.) To relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind, so that it can be more easily reefed or furled, or to lessen the strain.
Spill (v. i.) To be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to waste.
Spill (v. i.) To be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be lost or wasted.
Spiller (n.) One who, or that which, spills.
Spiller (n.) A kind of fishing line with many hooks; a boulter.
Spillet fishing () Alt. of Spilliard fishing
Spilliard fishing () A system or method of fishing by means of a number of hooks set on snoods all on one line; -- in North America, called trawl fishing, bultow, or bultow fishing, and long-line fishing.
Spillikin (n.) See Spilikin.
Spillway (n.) A sluiceway or passage for superfluous water in a reservoir, to prevent too great pressure on the dam.
Spilt () imp. & p. p. of Spill. Spilled.
Spilter (n.) Any one of the small branches on a stag's head.
Spilth (n.) Anything spilt, or freely poured out; slop; effusion.
Spun (imp. & p. p.) of Spin.
Span (imp.) of Spin.
Spinning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Spin.
Spin (v. t.) To draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin goat's hair; to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material.
Spin (v. t.) To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject.
Spin (v. t.) To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness.
Spin (v. t.) To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to spin a top.
Spin (v. t.) To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid, which hardens on coming into contact with the air; -- said of the spider, the silkworm, etc.
Spin (v. t.) To shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow form, by bending or buckling it by pressing against it with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal revolves, as in a lathe.
Spin (v. i.) To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman knows how to spin; a machine or jenny spins with great exactness.
Spin (v. i.) To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a spindle, about its axis.
Spin (v. i.) To stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet; as, blood spinsfrom a vein.
Spin (v. i.) To move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.
Spin (n.) The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle.
Spin (n.) Velocity of rotation about some specified axis.
Spina bifida () A congenital malformation in which the spinal column is cleft at its lower portion, and the membranes of the spinal cord project as an elastic swelling from the gap thus formed.
Spinaceous (a.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant spinach, or the family of plants to which it belongs.
Spinach (n.) Alt. of Spinage
Spinage (n.) A common pot herb (Spinacia oleracea) belonging to the Goosefoot family.
Spinal (a.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the backbone, or vertebral column; rachidian; vertebral.
Spinal (a.) Of or pertaining to a spine or spines.
Spinate (a.) Bearing a spine; spiniform.
Spindle (n.) The long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning wheels by which the thread is twisted, and on which, when twisted, it is wound; also, the pin on which the bobbin is held in a spinning machine, or in the shuttle of a loom.
Spindle (n.) A slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an axis; as, the spindle of a vane.
Spindle (n.) The shaft, mandrel, or arbor, in a machine tool, as a lathe or drilling machine, etc., which causes the work to revolve, or carries a tool or center, etc.
Spindle (n.) The vertical rod on which the runner of a grinding mill turns.
Spindle (n.) A shaft or pipe on which a core of sand is formed.
Spindle (n.) The fusee of a watch.
Spindle (n.) A long and slender stalk resembling a spindle.
Spindle (n.) A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards; in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.
Spindle (n.) A solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or chord.
Spindle (n.) Any marine univalve shell of the genus Rostellaria; -- called also spindle stromb.
Spindle (n.) Any marine gastropod of the genus Fusus.
Spindled (imp. & p. p.) of Spindle.
Spindling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Spindle.
Spindle (v. i.) To shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become disproportionately tall and slender.
Spindle-legged (a.) Having long, slender legs.