Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter S - Page 128
Spermatozooid (n.) (Biol.) A spermatozoid.
Spermatozoa (n. pl. ) of Spermatozoon
Spermatozoon (n.) (Biol.) Same as Spermatozoid.
Spermatozoon (n.) 精蟲 [1] 或精子（英語：spermatozoon、spermatozoön、複數 spermatozoa）是男性或其他雄性生物的生殖細胞。精子與卵子結合從而形成受精卵，進而發育為胚胎。精子最初由雷文霍克於1677年觀察到。
對後代（二倍體）而言，精子細胞提供大約一半的遺傳物質。在哺乳動物中，後代的性別由精子決定：含有Y染色體的精子受精後發育為男性/雄性後代（XY型），含有X染色體的精子受精後發育為女性/雌性後代（XX型），卵子只提供X染色體
A spermatozoon, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from Ancient Greek: σπέρμα "seed" and Ancient Greek: ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete. A spermatozoon joins an ovum to form a zygote. (A zygote is a single cell, with a complete set of chromosomes, that normally develops into an embryo.)
Sperm cells contribute approximately half of the nuclear genetic information to the diploid offspring (excluding, in most cases, mitochondrial DNA). In mammals, the sex of the offspring is determined by the sperm cell: a spermatozoon bearing a X chromosome will lead to a female (XX) offspring, while one bearing a Y chromosome will lead to a male (XY) offspring. Sperm cells were first observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1677. [1]
Spermic (a.) Of or pertaining to sperm, or semen.
Spermidia (n. pl. ) of Spermidium
Spermidium (n.) (Bot.) An achenium.
Spermist (n.) (Biol.) A believer in the doctrine, formerly current, of encasement in the male (see Encasement), in which the seminal thread, or spermatozoid, was considered as the real animal germ, the head being the true animal head and the tail the body.
Spermoblast (n.) (Physiol.) One of the cells formed by the division of the spermospore, each of which is destined to become a spermatozoid; a spermatocyte; a spermatoblast.
Spermococcus (n.) (Physiol.) The nucleus of the sperm cell.
Spermoderm (n.) (Bot.) The covering of a seed; -- sometimes limited to the outer coat or testa. -- Lindley.
Spermogonium (n.) (Bot.) A conceptacle of certain lichens, which contains spermatia.
Spermologist (n.) One who treats of, or collects, seeds. -- Bailey.
Spermophile (n.) (Zool.) Any ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus; a gopher. See Illust. under Gopher.
Spermophore (n.) (Zool.) A spermatophore.
Spermophyta (n. pl.) Plants which produce seed; phaenogamia. These plants constitute the highest grand division of the vegetable kingdom.
Spermophyte (n.) (Bot.) Any plant which produces true seeds; -- a term recently proposed to replace ph[ae]nogam.
Spermophytic (a.) (Bot.) Capable of producing seeds; ph[ae]nogamic.
Spermoplasma (n.) (Physiol.) The protoplasm of the sperm cell. -- Haeckel.
Spermosphere (n.) (Physiol.) A mass or ball of cells formed by the repeated division of a male germinal cell (spermospore), each constituent cell (spermoblast) of which is converted into a spermatozoid; a spermatogemma.
Spermospore (n.) (Physiol.) The male germinal or seminal cell, from the breaking up of which the spermoblasts are formed and ultimately the spermatozoids; a spermatospore. -- Balfour.
Spermule (n.) (Physiol.) A sperm cell. -- Haeckel.
Sperm (n.) [Contr. fr. spermaceti.] Spermaceti.
Sperm oil, A fatty oil found as a liquid, with spermaceti, in the head cavities of the sperm whale.
Sperm whale. (Zool.) See in the Vocabulary.
Sperm whale (n.) 抹香鯨 A very large toothed whale ({Physeter macrocephalus), having a head of enormous size. The upper jaw is destitute of teeth. In the upper part of the head, above the skull, there is a large cavity, or case, filled with oil and spermaceti. This whale sometimes grows to the length of more than eighty feet. It is found in the warmer parts of all the oceans. Called also cachalot, and spermaceti whale.
Sperm whale (n.) 抹香鯨（學名：Physeter macrocephalus） 又稱巨抹香鯨、卡切拉特鯨，是世界上最大的齒鯨。 在分類上，抹香鯨與侏儒抹香鯨與小抹香鯨是親緣較相近，身體構造相似而在體型上有大小的差異。抹香鯨在動物王國中具有的「潛水高手」的美譽。根據目前的觀 測紀錄抹香鯨可深潛到一千公尺多，但不排除抹香鯨有能力下潛更深。根據鯨豚穿戴式追蹤器的結果顯示，目前潛水最深記錄由柯氏喙鯨創造。在捕鯨年代中，抹香 鯨因為頭部的鯨油應用廣泛，被視為獵捕的重要目標，捕捉數量是近期捕鯨中大型鯨被捕最多的一種。美國作家梅爾維爾的經典名著《白鯨記》，書中船長要獵捕的 大鯨莫比·敵克就是一頭白子的抹香鯨。種名macrocephalus源自希臘文，意為「大頭」。抹香鯨另有一種名catodon，同種異名的情況過去曾引發長期的爭論，現macrocephalus為主流用語。 抹香鯨是全球分布的種類，有明顯的季節性遷徙，主要吃魷魚，具有複雜的社會結構及豐富變化的溝通喀答聲。
The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of genus Physeter and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus Kogia.
The sperm whale is a pelagic mammal with a worldwide range, and will migrate seasonally for feeding and breeding. [4] Females and young males live together in groups, while mature males (bulls) live solitary lives outside of the mating season. The females cooperate to protect and nurse their young. Females give birth every four to twenty years, and care for the calves for more than a decade. A mature sperm whale has few natural predators, although calves and weakened adults are sometimes killed by pods of orcas (killer whales).
Mature males average 16 metres (52 ft) in length but some may reach 20.5 metres (67 ft), with the head representing up to one-third of the animal's length. Plunging to 2,250 metres (7,382 ft), it is the second deepest diving mammal, following only the Cuvier's beaked whale. [5]
The sperm whale uses echolocation and vocalization as loud as 230 decibels (re 1 µPa at 1 m) underwater. [6] It has the largest brain on Earth, more than five times heavier than a human's. Sperm whales can live for more than 60 years. [7]
Spermaceti (sperm oil), from which the whale derives its name, was a prime target of the whaling industry, and was sought after for use in oil lamps, lubricants, and candles. Amergris, a solid waxy waste product sometimes present in its digestive system, is still highly valued as a fixative in perfumes, among other uses. Beachcombers look out for ambergris as flotsam. [8] Sperm whaling was a major industry in the nineteenth century, immortalised in the novel Moby Dick. The species is protected by the International Whaling Commission moratorium, and is listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Pygmy sperm whale (Zool.), A small whale ({Kogia breviceps), seldom twenty feet long, native of tropical seas, but occasionally found on the American coast. Called also snub-nosed cachalot.
Sperm-whale porpoise (Zool.), A toothed cetacean ({Hyperoodon bidens), found on both sides of the Atlantic and valued for its oil. The adult becomes about twenty-five feet long, and its head is very large and thick. Called also bottle-nosed whale.
Sperm whale (n.) Large whale with a large cavity in the head containing spermaceti and oil; also a source of ambergris [syn: sperm whale, cachalot, black whale, Physeter catodon]
Sperrylite (n.) (Min.) An arsenide
of platinum occuring in grains and minute isometric crystals of tin-white
color. It is found near
Sperse (v. t.) To disperse. [Obs.] -- Spenser.
Spessartite (n.) (Min.) A manganesian variety of garnet.
Spet (v. t.) To spit; to throw out. [Obs.]
Spet (n.) Spittle. [Obs.]
Spetches (n. pl.) Parings and refuse of hides, skins, etc., from which glue is made.
Spewed (imp. & p. p.) of Spew
Spewing (p. pr.& vb. n.) of Spew
Spew (v. t.) 嘔吐；噴出；放出 To eject from the stomach; to vomit.
Spew (v. t.) To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject.
Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spew thee out of my mouth. -- Rev. ii. 16.
Spew (v. i.) 嘔吐；湧出 To vomit. -- Chaucer.
Spew (v. i.) To eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.
Spew (n.) That which is vomited; vomit.
Spew (v.) Expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth; "The father of the victim spat at the alleged murderer" [syn: {spit}, {ptyalize}, {ptyalise}, {spew}, {spue}].
Spew (v.) Eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical; "the volcano spews out molten rocks every day"; "The editors of the paper spew out hostile articles about the Presidential candidate" [syn: {spew}, {spew out}, {eruct}].
Spew (v.) Eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth; "After drinking too much, the students vomited"; "He purged continuously"; "The patient regurgitated the food we gave him last night" [syn: {vomit}, {vomit up}, {purge}, {cast}, {sick}, {cat}, {be sick}, {disgorge}, {regorge}, {retch}, {puke}, {barf}, {spew}, {spue}, {chuck}, {upchuck}, {honk}, {regurgitate}, {throw up}] [ant: {keep down}].
Spew (v.) [ I or T, + adv/ prep ] （使）（液體或氣體）噴出，湧出 If something spews liquid or gas, or liquid or gas spews from something, it flows out in large amounts.
// The volcano spewed a giant cloud of ash, dust, and gases into the air.
// The drains spew (out) millions of gallons of raw sewage into the river.
// Paper came spewing from the computer printer.
Phraser verb: Spew (sth) up
Spew (sth) up (Slang) (- Phrasal verb with Spew) (v.) [ I or T, + adv/ prep ] 嘔吐 To vomit.
// I was spewing up all night after those mussels.
Spewer (n.) One who spews.
Spewer (n.) A person who vomits [syn: vomiter, spewer].
Spewiness (n.) The state of being spewy.
Spewy (a.) Wet; soggy; inclined to spew.
Sphacel (n.) (Med.) Gangrene.
Sphacelated (imp. & p. p.) of Spacelate
Sphacelating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Spacelate
Spacelate (v. i.) (Med.) To die, decay, or become gangrenous, as flesh or bone; to mortify.
Sphacelate (v. t.) (Med.) To affect with gangrene. Sphacelate
Sphacelate (a.) Alt. of Sphacelated
Sphacelated (a.) Affected with gangrene; mortified.
Sphacelation (n.) (Med.) The process of becoming or making gangrenous; mortification.
Sphacelus (n.) (Med.) Gangrenous part; gangrene; slough.
Sphaerenchyma (n.) (Bot.) Vegetable tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a modification of parenchyma.
Sphaeridia (n. pl. ) of Sphaeridium
Sphaeridium (n.) (Zool.) A peculiar sense organ found upon the exterior of most kinds of sea urchins, and consisting of an oval or sherical head surmounting a short pedicel. It is generally supposed to be an olfactory organ.
Sphaerospore (n.) (Bot.) One of the nonsexual spores found in red algae; a tetraspore.
Sphaerulite (n.) (Min.) Same as Spherulite.
Sphagnicolous (a.) (Bot.) Growing in moss of the genus Sphagnum.
Sphagnous (a.) (Bot.) Pertaining to moss of the genus Sphagnum, or bog moss; abounding in peat or bog moss.
Sphagnum (n.) (Bot.) A genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat moss.
Sphalerite (n.) (Min.) Zinc sulphide; -- called also blende, black-jack, false galena, etc. See Blende (a).
Compare: Blende
Blende (n.) (Min.) (a) A mineral, called also sphalerite, and by miners mock lead, false galena, and black-jack. It is a zinc sulphide, but often contains some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or black, and its luster resinous.
Blende (n.) (Min.) (b) A general term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides which have a somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster.
Sphene (n.) (Min.) A mineral found usually in thin, wedge-shaped crystals of a yellow or green to black color. It is a silicate of titanium and calcium; titanite.
Sphenethmoid (a.) (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the sphenoidal and the ethmoidal regions of the skull, or the sphenethmoid bone; sphenethmoidal.
Sphenethmoid bone (Anat.), A bone of the skull which surrounds the anterior end of the brain in many amphibia; the girdle bone.
Sphenethmoid (n.) (Anat.) The sphenethmoid bone.
Sphenethmoidal (a.) Relating to the sphenoethmoid bone; sphenoethmoid.
Spheniscan (n.) (Zool.) Any species of penguin.
Spheno- () A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the sphenoid bone; as in sphenomaxillary, sphenopalatine.
Compare: Hatteria
Hatteria (n.) [NL.] (Zool.) A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; -- called also Sphenodon, tuatara, and Tuatera.
Sphenodon (n.) (Zool.) Same as Hatteria.
Sphenodon (n.) Coextensive with the order Rhynchocephalia: tuataras [syn: Sphenodon, genus Sphenodon].
Sphenoethmoidal (a.) (Anat.) Sphenethmoid.
Sphenogram (n.) A cuneiform, or arrow-headed, character.
Sphenographer (n.) One skilled in sphenography; a sphenographist.
Sphenographic (a.) Of or pertaining to sphenography.
Sphenographist (n.) A sphenographer.
Sphenography (n.) The art of writing in cuneiform characters, or of deciphering inscriptions made in such characters.
Sphenoid (a.) Wedge-shaped; as, a sphenoid crystal.
Sphenoid (a.) (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone.
Sphenoid bone (Anat.), An irregularly shaped bone in front of the occipital in the base of the skull of the higher vertebrates. It is composed of several fetal bones which become united the adult. See Alisphenoid, Basisphenoid, Orbitosphenoid, Presphenoid.
Sphenoid (n.) (Crystallog.) A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal isosceles triangles. It is the hemihedral form of a square pyramid.
Sphenoid (n.) (Anat.) The sphenoid bone.
Sphenoid (n.) Butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull [syn: sphenoid bone, sphenoid, os sphenoidale].
Sphenoidal (a.) Sphenoid.
Sphenoidal (a.) (Crystalloq.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a sphenoid.
Sphenotic (a.) (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the sphenotic bone.
Sphenotic bone (Anat.), A bone on the anterior side of the auditory capsule of many fishes, and connected with, or adjoining, the sphenoid bone.
Sphenotic (n.) (Anat.) The sphenotic bone.
Spheral (a.) Of or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.
Spheral (a.) Rounded like a sphere; sphere-shaped; hence, symmetrical; complete; perfect.
Sphere (n.) (Geom.) A body or space contained under a single surface, which in every part is equally distant from a point within called its center.
Sphere (n.) Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth.
Of celestial bodies, first the sun, A mighty sphere, he framed. -- Milton.
Sphere (n.) (Astron.) The apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed to be spherical and everywhere equally distant, in which the heavenly bodies appear to have their places, and on which the various astronomical circles, as of right ascension and declination, the equator, ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and geographical circles in their proper positions on it.
Sphere (n.) (Astron.) In ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and eccentric revolving spherical transparent shells in which the stars, sun, planets, and moon were supposed to be set, and by which they were carried, in such a manner as to produce their apparent motions.
Sphere (n.) (Logic) The extension of a general conception, or the totality of the individuals or species to which it may be applied.
Sphere (n.) Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence; compass; province; employment; place of existence.
To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen to move in 't. -- Shak.
Taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself. -- Hawthorne.
Each in his hidden sphere of joy or woe Our hermit spirits dwell. -- Keble.
Sphere (n.) Rank; order of society; social positions.
Sphere (n.) An orbit, as of a star; a socket. [R.] -- Shak.
Armillary sphere, Crystalline sphere, Oblique sphere,. See under Armillary, Crystalline,. Doctrine of the sphere, applications of the principles of spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of the circles of the sphere, and the problems connected with them, in astronomy and geography, as to the latitudes and longitudes, distance and bearing, of places on the earth, and the right ascension and declination, altitude and azimuth, rising and setting, etc., of the heavenly bodies; spherical geometry.
Music of the spheres. See under Music.
Syn: Globe; orb; circle. See Globe.
Sphered (imp. & p. p.) of Sphere
Sphering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Sphere
Sphere (v. t.) To place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere.
The glorious planet Sol In noble eminence enthroned and sphered Amidst the other. -- Shak.
Sphere (v. t.) To form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to perfect. -- Tennyson. Spherical
Sphere (n.) A particular environment or walk of life; "his social sphere is limited"; "it was a closed area of employment"; "he's out of my orbit" [syn: sphere, domain, area, orbit, field, arena].
Sphere (n.) Any spherically shaped artifact.
Sphere (n.) The geographical area in which one nation is very influential [syn: sphere, sphere of influence].
Sphere (n.) A particular aspect of life or activity; "he was helpless in an important sector of his life" [syn: sector, sphere].
Sphere (n.) A solid figure bounded by a spherical surface (including the space it encloses).
Sphere (n.) A three-dimensional closed surface such that every point on the surface is equidistant from the center.
Sphere (n.) The apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected [syn: celestial sphere, sphere, empyrean, firmament, heavens, vault of heaven, welkin].
Spherical (a.) Alt. of Spheric
Spheric (a.) Having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular; as, a spherical body.
Spheric (a.) Of or pertaining to a sphere.
Spheric (a.) Of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were set.
Knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance. -- Shak.
Though the stars were suns, and overburned Their spheric limitations. -- Mrs. Browning.
Spherical angle, Spherical coordinate, Spherical excess, etc. See under Angle, Coordinate, etc.
Spherical geometry, That branch of geometry which treats of spherical magnitudes; the doctrine of the sphere, especially of the circles described on its surface.
Spherical harmonic analysis. See under Harmonic, a.
Spherical lune, Portion of the surface of a sphere included between two great semicircles having a common diameter.
Spherical opening, The magnitude of a solid angle. It is measured by the portion within the solid angle of the surface of any sphere whose center is the angular point.
Spherical polygon, Portion of the surface of a sphere bounded by the arcs of three or more great circles.
Spherical projection, The projection of the circles of the sphere upon a plane. See Projection.
Spherical sector. See under Sector.
Spherical segment, The segment of a sphere. See under Segment.
Spherical triangle, re on the surface of a sphere, bounded by the arcs of three great circles which intersect each other.
Spherical trigonometry. See Trigonometry. -- Spher"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Spher"ic*al*ness, n.
Spherical (a.) Of or relating to spheres or resembling a sphere; "spherical geometry" [ant: nonspherical].
Spherical (a.) Having the shape of a sphere or ball; "a spherical object"; "nearly orbicular in shape"; "little globular houses like mud-wasp nests"- Zane Grey [syn: ball-shaped, global, globose, globular, orbicular, spheric, spherical].
Sphericity (n.) The quality or state of being spherial; roundness; as, the sphericity of the planets, or of a drop of water.
Sphericity (n.) The roundness of a 3-dimensional object [syn: sphericity, sphericalness, globosity, globularness, rotundity, rotundness].
Sphericle (n.) A small sphere.
Spherics (n.) (Math.) The doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties and relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a sphere, produced by planes intersecting it; spherical geometry and trigonometry.
Spherobacteria (n. pl.) sing. Spherobacterium. See the Note under Microbacteria.
Spheroconic (n.) (Geom.) A nonplane curve formed by the intersection of the surface of an oblique cone with the surface of a sphere whose center is at the vertex of the cone.