Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter R - Page 79
Rote (n.) 死記硬背；機械的作法；生搬硬套 The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the shore. See Rut.
Rote (n.) A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. -- Swift.
Till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by rote. -- Chaucer.
Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell. -- Shak.
Roted (imp. & p. p.) of Rote.
Roting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rote.
Rote (v. t.) To learn or repeat by rote. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Rote (v. i.) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.] -- Z. Grey.
Rote (n.) Memorization by repetition [syn: rote, rote learning]
Rotella (n.) (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas.
Rotgut (n.) Bad small beer. [Slang]
Rotgut (n.) Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be very deleterious. [Slang]
Rotgut (n.) Any alcoholic beverage of inferior quality.
Rother (a.) (Zool.) Bovine.
Rother (n.) (Zool.) A bovine beast. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Rother beasts, Cattle of the bovine genus; black cattle. [Obs.] -- Golding.
Rother soil, The dung of rother beasts.
Rother (n.) A rudder.
Rother nail, A nail with a very full head, used for fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by shipwrights.
Rotifer (n.) (Zool.) One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix.
Rotifer (n.) Minute aquatic multicellular organisms having a ciliated wheel-like organ for feeding and locomotion; constituents of freshwater plankton.
Rotifera (n.) (Zool.) An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and habits.
Rotifera (n.) A phylum including: rotifers [syn: Rotifera, phylum Rotifera].
Rotiform (a.) Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages.
Rotiform (a.) Same as Rotate.
Rotta (n.) See
Rotten (a.) Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. Hence:
Rotten (a.) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting.
You common cry of curs! whose breath I hate As reek of the rotten fens. -- Shak.
Rotten (a.) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. "The deepness of the rotten way." -- Knolles.
Rotten borough. See under Borough.
Rotten stone (Min.), A soft stone, called also Tripoli (from the country from which it was formerly brought), used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for cleaning metallic substances. The name is also given to other friable siliceous stones applied to like uses.
Syn: Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound; corrupt; deceitful; treacherous. -- Rot"ten*ly, adv. -- Rot"ten*ness, n.
Rotten (a.) Very bad; "a lousy play"; "it's a stinking world" [syn: icky, crappy, lousy, rotten, shitty, stinking, stinky].
Rotten (a.) Damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless; "rotten floor boards"; "rotted beams"; "a decayed foundation" [syn: decayed, rotten, rotted].
Rotten (a.) Having decayed or disintegrated; usually implies foulness; "dead and rotten in his grave".
Rotula (n.) (Anat.) The patella, or kneepan.
Rotular (a.) (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan.
Rotund (a.) Round; circular; spherical.
Rotund (a.) Hence, complete; entire.
Rotund (a.) Orbicular, or nearly so.
Rotund (n.) A rotunda.
Rotunda (a.) A round building; especially, one
that is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at
Rotundate (a.) Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners.
Rotundifolious (a.) Having round leaves.
Rotundity (n.) 球狀；圓形；肥胖；聲音的洪亮；文體的浮誇 The state or quality of being rotund; roundness; sphericity; circularity.
Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world! -- Shak.
Rotundity (n.) Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness.
For the more rotundity of the number and grace of the matter, it passeth for a full thousand. -- Fuller.
A boldness and rotundity of speech. -- Hawthorne.
Rotundity (n.) The roundness of a 3-dimensional object [syn: sphericity, sphericalness, globosity, globularness, rotundity, rotundness].
Rotundity (n.) The fullness of a tone of voice; "there is a musky roundness to his wordiness" [syn: roundness, rotundity].
Rotundness (n.) Roundness; rotundity.
Rotundness (n.) The roundness of a 3-dimensional object [syn: sphericity, sphericalness, globosity, globularness, rotundity, rotundness].
Rotundo (n.) See Rotunda.
Roturer (n.) A roturier.
Roturier (n.) A person who is not of noble birth; specif., a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land.
Roty (v. t.) To make rotten.
Rouble (n.) A coin. See Ruble.
Rouche (n.) See Ruche.
Roue (n.) One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.
Rouet (n.) A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for discharging them.
Rouge (a.) Red. [R.]
Rouge et noir [F., red and black], A game at cards in which persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so called because the table around which the players sit has certain compartments colored red and black, upon which the stakes are deposited. -- Hoyle.
Rouge (n.) [U] [F.] (Chem.) 紅鐵粉，鐵丹 A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc.
Rouge (n.) [U] 胭脂；口紅，脣膏 A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. -- Ure.
Rouged (imp. & p. p.) of Rouge.
Rouging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Rouge.
Rouge (v. i.) 搽胭脂（或口紅） To paint the face or cheeks with rouge.
Rouge (v. t.) 在……上搽胭脂（或口紅） To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks.
Rouge (n.) Makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks [syn: rouge, paint, blusher].
Rouge (v.) Redden by applying rouge to; "she rouged her cheeks".
Rougecroix (n.) (Her.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.
Rouge dragon (n.) (Her.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.
Rough (n.) Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Specifically:
Rough (n.) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. "Rough, uneven ways." -- Shak.
Rough (n.) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond.
Rough (n.) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water.
More unequal than the roughest sea. -- T. Burnet.
Rough (n.) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. "A visage rough." -- Dryden. "Roughsatyrs." -- Milton.
Rough (n.) Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Specifically:
Rough (n.) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. -- Shak.
A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds. -- Prior.
Rough (n.) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions.
On the rough edge of battle. -- Milton.
A quicker and rougher remedy. -- Clarendon.
Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and imperious usage often produces. -- Locke.
Rough (n.) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. -- Pope.
Rough (n.) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine.
Rough (n.) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day.
He stayeth his rough wind. -- Isa. xxvii. 8.
Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. -- Shak.
Rough (n.) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.
Rough diamond, An uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior.
Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. "The rough and ready understanding." -- Lowell.
Rough and ready. (b) Produced offhand. "Some rough and ready theory." -- Tylor.
Rough (n.) Produced offhand.
Rough (n.) Boisterous weather. [Obs.] -- Fletcher.
Rough (n.) A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
In the rough, In an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough.
Contemplating the people in the rough. -- Mrs. Browning.
Rough (adv.) In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats. -- Sir W. Scott.
Rough (v. t.) To render rough; to roughen.
Rough (v. t.) To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. -- Crabb.
Rough (v. t.) To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch.
Roughing rolls, Rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars.
To rough it, To endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.
Rough (adv.) With roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough" [syn: roughly, rough].
Rough (adv.) With rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough" [syn: roughly, rough].
Rough (a.) Having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough bark"; "rough ground"; "rough skin"; "rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face" [syn: rough, unsmooth] [ant: smooth].
Rough (a.) (Of persons or behavior) Lacking refinement or finesse; "she was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners".
Rough (a.) Not quite exact or correct; "the approximate time was 10 o'clock"; "a rough guess"; "a ballpark estimate" [syn: approximate, approximative, rough].
Rough (a.) Full of hardship or trials; "the rocky road to success"; "they were having a rough time" [syn: rocky, rough].
Rough (a.) Violently agitated and turbulent; "boisterous winds and waves"; "the fierce thunders roar me their music" -- Ezra Pound; "rough weather"; "rough seas" [syn: boisterous, fierce, rough].
Rough (a.) Unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; "a gravelly voice" [syn: grating, gravelly, rasping, raspy, rough, scratchy].
Rough (a.) Ready and able to resort to force or violence; "pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville; "they were rough and determined fighting men" [syn: pugnacious, rough].
Rough (a.) Of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed. or scalloped [ant: smooth].
Rough (a.) Causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements; "a rough ride" [syn: rough, rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy] [ant: smooth].
Rough (a.) Not shaped by cutting or trimming; "an uncut diamond"; "rough gemstones" [syn: uncut, rough] [ant: cut].
Rough (a.) Not carefully or expertly made; "managed to make a crude splint"; "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"; "rough carpentry" [syn: crude, rough].
Rough (a.) Not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches".
Rough (a.) Unpleasantly stern; "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"; "the nomad life is rough and hazardous" [syn: harsh, rough].
Rough (a.) Unkind or cruel or uncivil; "had harsh words"; "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"; "a rough answer" [syn: harsh, rough].
Rough (n.) The part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short.
Rough (v.) Prepare in preliminary or sketchy form [syn: rough in, rough, rough out].
Roughcast (v. t.) To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, or polish.
Roughcast (v. t.) To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and inequalities.
Roughcast (v. t.) To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to roughcast a building.
Roughcast (n.) A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.
Roughcast (n.) A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings.
Roughcaster (n.) One who roughcasts.
Roughdraw (v. t.) To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.
Roughdry (v. t.) in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.
Roughened (imp. & p. p.) of Roughen.
Roughening (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Roughen.
Roughen (v. t.) To make rough.
Roughen (v. i.) To grow or become rough.
Rough-footed (a.) Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove.
Rough-grained (a.) Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque.
Roughhead (n.) The redfin.
Roughhew (v. t.) To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew timber.
Roughhew (v. t.) To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape approximately and rudely; to roughcast.
There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Roughhew them how we will. -- Shak.
Roughhewer (n.) One who roughhews.
Roughhewn (a.) Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished.
Roughhewn (a.) Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. "A roughhewn seaman." -- Bacon.
Roughhewn (a.) Of stone or timber; shaped roughly without finishing [syn: roughhewn, rough-cut].
Roughing-in (n.) The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying it.
Roughings (n. pl.) Rowen. [Prov. Eng.]
Roughish (a.) Somewhat rough.
Roughleg (n.) (Zool.) Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called also rough-legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard.
Note: The best known species is Archibuteo lagopus of Northern Europe, with its darker American variety ({Sancti-johannis). The latter is often nearly or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg ({Archibuteo ferrugineus) inhabits Western North America.
Roughleg (n.) Large hawk of the northern hemisphere that feeds chiefly on small rodents and is beneficial to farmers [syn: rough-legged hawk, roughleg, Buteo lagopus].
Rough-legged (a.) (Zool.) Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird. rough-legged hawk. (Zool.) See Roughleg.
Roughly (adv.) In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely.
Roughly (adv.) (Of quantities) Imprecise but fairly close to correct; "lasted approximately an hour"; "in just about a minute"; "he's about 30 years old"; "I've had about all I can stand"; "we meet about once a month"; "some forty people came"; "weighs around a hundred pounds"; "roughly $3,000"; "holds 3 gallons, more or less"; "20 or so people were at the party" [syn: approximately, about, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less, around, or so].
Roughly (adv.) With roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough" [syn: roughly, rough].
Roughly (adv.) With rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough" [syn: roughly, rough].
Roughness (n.) The quality or state of being rough.
Roughness (n.) A texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven [syn: roughness, raggedness] [ant: smoothness].
Roughness (n.) The quality of being unpleasant (harsh or rough or grating) to the senses [syn: harshness, roughness].
Roughness (n.) An unpolished unrefined quality; "the crudeness of frontier dwellings depressed her" [syn: crudeness, roughness].
Roughness (n.) Used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather [syn: choppiness, roughness, rough water].
Roughness (n.) Rowdy behavior [syn: rowdiness, rowdyism, roughness, disorderliness].
Roughness (n.) The formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion [syn: pitting, roughness, indentation].
Roughness (n.) Harsh or severe speech or behavior; "men associate the roughness of nonstandard working-class speech with masculinity"; "the roughness of her voice was a signal to keep quiet".
Roughrider (n.) One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the riding master.
Roughrider (n.) An officer or enlisted man in the 1st U. S. Volunteer Cavalry, a regiment raised for the Spanish war of 1898, composed mostly of Western cowboys and hunters and Eastern college athletes and sportsmen, largely organized, and later commanded, by Theodore Roosevelt. Sometimes, locally, a member of any of various volunteer cavalry commands raised in 1898. [Colloq.]
Roughrider (n.) A horseman skilled at breaking wild horses to the saddle.
Roughscuff (n.) A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the rabble; the riffraff. [Colloq. U.S.]
Roughsetter (n.) A mason who builds rough stonework.
Roughshod (a.) Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod horse.
To ride roughshod, To pursue a course regardless of the pain or distress it may cause others.
Roughshod (a.) (Of a horse) Having horseshoes with projecting nails to prevent slipping.
Roughshod (a.) (Of persons or their actions) Able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering; "a barbarous crime"; "brutal beatings"; "cruel tortures"; "Stalin's roughshod treatment of the kulaks"; "a savage slap"; "vicious kicks" [syn: barbarous, brutal, cruel, fell, roughshod, savage, vicious].
Roughshod (a.) Unjustly domineering; "incensed at the government's heavy-handed economic policies"; "a manager who rode roughshod over all opposition" [syn: heavy-handed, roughshod].
Roughstrings (n. pl.) (Capr.) Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden stair for their support.