Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter M - Page 64
Moll (a.) (Mus.) Minor; in the minor mode; as, A moll, that is, A minor.
Compae: Tautog
Tautog (n.) (Zool.) An edible labroid fish ({Haitula onitis, or Tautoga onitis) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. When adult it is nearly black, more or less irregularly barred, with greenish gray. Called also blackfish, oyster fish, salt-water chub, and moll. [Written also tautaug.]
Moll (n.) The girlfriend of a gangster [syn: moll, gun moll, gangster's moll].
Mollah (n.) One of the higher order of Turkish judges; also, a Turkish title of respect for a religious and learned man. [Written also mullah and moolah.]
Mollah (n.) A title of respect used in Islamic countries for one who is learned in Islamic law; a teacher or expounder of Islamic law.
Mollah (n.) A Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque [syn: Mullah, Mollah, Mulla]
Molle (a.) (Mus.) Lower by a semitone; flat; as, E molle, that is, E flat.
Molle (n.) Small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits [syn: pepper tree, molle, Peruvian mastic tree, Schinus molle].
Mollebart (n.) An agricultural implement used in Flanders, consisting of a kind of large shovel drawn by a horse and guided by a man. [Written also mollebaert and mouldebaert.] -- Simmonds.
Mollemoke (n.) (Zool.) Any one of several species of large pelagic petrels and fulmars, as Fulmarus glacialis, of the North Atlantic, and several species of Aestrelata, of the Southern Ocean. See Fulmar. [Written also mollymawk, malmock, mollemock, mallemocke, etc.]
Mollient (a.) Serving to soften; assuaging; emollient.
Molliently (adv.) Assuagingly.
Mollifiable (a.) Capable of being mollified.
Mollification (n.) 緩和，減輕，鎮靜 The act of mollifying, or the state of being mollified; a softening. -- Chaucer.
Mollification (n.) A state of being appeased or ameliorated or tempered.
Mollification (n.) The act of appeasing someone or causing someone to be more favorably inclined; "a wonderful skill in the pacification of crying infants"; "his unsuccessful mollification of the mob" [syn: {pacification}, {mollification}].
Mollifier (n.) One who, or that which, mollifies. -- Bacon.
Mollified (imp. & p. p.) of Mollify.
Mollifying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Mollify.
Mollify (v. t.) To soften; to make tender; to reduce the hardness, harshness, or asperity of; to qualify; as, to mollify the ground.
With sweet science mollified their stubborn hearts. -- Spenser.
Mollify (v. t.) To assuage, as pain or irritation, to appease, as excited feeling or passion; to pacify; to calm.
Mollify (v.) Cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; "She managed to mollify the angry customer" [syn: pacify, lenify, conciliate, assuage, appease, mollify, placate, gentle, gruntle].
Mollify (v.) Make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate; "she tempered her criticism" [syn: temper, season, mollify].
Mollify (v.) Make less rigid or softer.
Mollinet (n.) A little mill.
Mollipilose (a.) (Zool.) Having soft hairs; downy.
Mollities (n.) (Med.) Unnatural softness of any organ or part. -- Dunglison.
Mollitude (n.) Softness; effeminacy; weakness. [R.]
Mollusc (n.) (Zool.) Same as Mollusk.
Mollusk (n.) (Zool.) One of the Mollusca. [Written also mollusc.]
Mollusc (n.) Invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell [syn: mollusk, mollusc, shellfish].
Mollusca (n. pl.) (Zool.) 軟體動物門 One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, a phylum including the classes Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, and Pelecyopoda (syn. Bivalvia, formerly called Lamellibranchiata, or Conchifera). These animals have an unsegmented bilateral body, with most of the organs and parts paired, but not repeated longitudinally. Most of them develop a mantle, which incloses either a branchial or a pulmonary cavity. They are generally more or less covered and protected by a calcareous shell, which may be univalve, bivalve, or multivalve.
Note: Formerly the Brachiopoda, Bryzoa, and Tunicata were united with the Lamellibranchiata in an artificial group called Acephala, which was also included under Mollusca. See {Molluscoidea}.
Mollusca (n.) Gastropods; bivalves; cephalopods; chitons [syn: {Mollusca}, {phylum Mollusca}].
Molluscan (a.) (Zool.) Of or pertaining to mollusks.
Molluscan (n.) A mollusk; one of the Mollusca.
Molluscoid (a.) (Zool.) Resembling the true mollusks; belonging to the Molluscoidea.
Molluscoid (n.) One of the Molluscoidea.
Molluscoidal (a.) (Zool.) Molluscoid.
Molluscoidea (n. pl.) (Zool.) A division of Invertebrata which includes the classes Brachiopoda and Bryozoa; -- called also Anthoid Mollusca.
Note: Originally the Tunicata were included under Molluscoidea, from which they are known to differ widely in structure and embryology. Molluscoidea were formerly considered a subdivision of Mollusca, but they are now known to have more relationship with Annelida than with Mollusca.
Molluscous (a.) (Zool.) Molluscan.
Molluscum (n.) (Med.) A cutaneous disease characterized by numerous tumors, of various forms, filled with a thick matter; -- so called from the resemblance of the tumors to some molluscous animals. -- Dunglison.
Molluscum (n.) Any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules.
Mollusk (n.) (Zool.) One of the Mollusca. [Written also mollusc.]
Mollusk (n.) Invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell [syn: mollusk, mollusc, shellfish].
Molly (n.) (Zool.) Same as Mollemoke.
Molly (n.) A pet or colloquial name for Mary.
Molly cottontail. (Zool.) See Cottontail.
Molly Maguire, () (pl. Molly Maguires) A member of a secret association formed among the tenantry in Ireland about 1843, principally for the purpose of intimidating law officers and preventing the service of legal writs. Its members disguised themselves in the dress of women.
Molly Maguire, () A member of a similar association of Irishmen organized in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania, about 1854, for the purpose of intimidating employers and officers of the law, and for avenging themselves by murder on persons obnoxious to them. The society was broken up by criminal prosecutions in 1876.
Molly (n.) Popular aquarium fish [syn: mollie, molly].
Compare: Glutton
Glutton (n.) One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.
Glutton (n.) Fig.: One who gluts himself.
Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. -- Granville.
Glutton (n.) (Zool.) A carnivorous mammal ({Gulo gulo formerly Gulo luscus), of the weasel family Mustelid[ae], about the size of a large badger; called also wolverine, wolverene and carcajou. It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name. It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.
Glutton bird (Zool.), The giant fulmar ({Ossifraga gigantea); -- called also Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk.
Mollemoke (n.) (Zool.) Any one of several species of large pelagic petrels and fulmars, as Fulmarus glacialis, of the North Atlantic, and several species of Aestrelata, of the Southern Ocean. See Fulmar. [Written also mollymawk, malmock, mollemock, mallemocke, etc.]
Molly-mawk (n.) (Zool.) See Mollemoke.
Moloch (n.) (Script.) The fire god of the Ammonites in Canaan, to whom human sacrifices were offered; Molech. Also applied figuratively.
Moloch (n.) (Zool.) A spiny Australian lizard (Moloch horridus). The horns on the head and numerous spines on the body give it a most formidable appearance. Molokane
Moloch (n.) A tyrannical power to be propitiated by human subservience or sacrifice; "the great Moloch of war"; "duty has become the Moloch of modern life"- Norman Douglas.
Moloch (n.) God of the Canaanites and Phoenicians to whom parents sacrificed their children [syn: Moloch, Molech].
Moloch (n.) Any lizard of the genus Moloch.
Moloch, () King, the name of the national god of the Ammonites, to whom children were sacrificed by fire. He was the consuming and destroying and also at the same time the purifying fire. In Amos 5:26, "your Moloch" of the Authorized Version is "your king" in the Revised Version (comp. Acts 7:43). Solomon (1 Kings 11:7) erected a high place for this idol on the Mount of Olives, and from that time till the days of Josiah his worship continued (2 Kings 23:10, 13). In the days of Jehoahaz it was partially restored, but after the Captivity wholly disappeared. He is also called Molech (Lev. 18:21; 20:2-5, etc.), Milcom (1 Kings 11:5, 33, etc.), and Malcham (Zeph. 1:5). This god became Chemosh among the Moabites.
Molosse (n.) See Molossus.
Molossus (n.) (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A foot of three long syllables. [Written also molosse.]
Molosses (n.) Molasses. [Obs.]
Molossine (n.) (Zool.) A bat of the genus Molossus, as the monk bat.
Molossus (n.) (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A foot of three long syllables. [Written also molosse.]
Molt () imp. of Melt. -- Chaucer. -- Spenser. Molt
Molted (imp. & p. p.) of Moult.
Moulted () of Moult.
Molting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Moult.
Moulting () of Moult.
Molt (v. i.) Alt. of Moult.
Moult (v. i.) To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, or the like, as an animal or a bird. -- Bacon. Molt
Molt (v. t.) Alt. of Moult.
Moult (v. t.) To cast, as the hair, skin, feathers, or the like; to shed.
Molt (n.) Alt. of Moult.
Moult (n.) The act or process of changing the feathers, hair, skin, etc.; molting.
Molt (n.) Periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles [syn: molt, molting, moult, moulting, ecdysis].
Molt (v.) Cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; "our dog sheds every Spring" [syn: shed, molt, exuviate, moult, slough].
Moltable (a.) Capable of assuming a molten state; meltable; fusible. [Obs.]
Molten (a.) Melted; being in a state of fusion, esp. when the liquid state is produced by a high degree of heat; as, molten iron.
Molten (a.) Made by melting and casting the substance or metal of which the thing is formed; as, a molten image.
Molten (a.) Reduced to liquid form by heating; "a mass of molten rock" [syn: molten, liquefied, liquified].
Molto (adv.) [It.] (Mus.) Much; very; as, molto adagio, very slow.
Molto (adv.) Much; "allegro molto."
Moly (n.) A fabulous herb of occult power, having a black root and white blossoms, said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Ulysses to counteract the spells of Circe. -- Milton.
Moly (n.) (Bot.) A kind of garlic ({Allium Moly) with large yellow flowers; -- called also golden garlic.
Molybdate (n.) (Chem.) A salt of molybdic acid.
Molybdena (n.) (Min.) See Molybdenite.
Molybdenite (n.) (Min.) A mineral occurring in soft, lead-gray, foliated masses or scales, resembling graphite; sulphide of molybdenum.
Molybdenite (n.) A mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds.
Molybdenous (a.) (Chem.) See Molybdous.
Molybdenum (n.) (Chem.) A rare element of the chromium group, occurring in nature in the minerals molybdenite and wulfenite, and when reduced obtained as a hard, silver-white, difficulty fusible metal. Symbol Mo. Atomic number 42. Atomic weight 95.94.
Molybdenum (n.) A polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel [syn: molybdenum, Mo, atomic number 42].
Molybdenum
Symbol: Mo
Atomic number: 42
Atomic weight: 95.94
Silvery-white, hard metallic transition element. It is chemically unreactive and is not affected by most acids. It oxidizes at high temperatures. There are seven natural isotopes, and four radioisotopes, Mo-93 being the most stable with a half-life of 3500 years. Molybdenum is used in almost all high-strength steels, it has nuclear applications, and is a catalyst in petroleum refining. Discovered in 1778 by Carl Welhelm Scheele of Sweden. Impure metal was prepared in 1782 by Peter Jacob Hjelm. The name comes from the Greek word molybdos which means lead.
Trace amounts of molybdenum are required for all known forms of life.
All molybdenum compounds should be considered highly toxic, and will also cause severe birth defects.
Molybdic (a.) (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, molybdenum; specif., designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with molybdous compounds; as, molybdic oxide.
Molybdite (n.) (Min.) Molybdic ocher.
Molybdous (a.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, molybdenum; specif., designating those compounds in which molybdenum has a lower valence as contrasted with molybdic compounds.
Mome (n.) A dull, silent person; a blockhead. [Obs.] -- Spenser.
Moment (n.) A minute portion of time; a point of time; an instant; as, at thet very moment.
In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye. -- 1 Cor. xv. 52.
Moment (n.) Impulsive power; force; momentum.
The moments or quantities of motion in bodies. -- Berkley.
Touch, with lightest moment of impulse, His free will. -- Milton.
Moment (n.) Importance, as in influence or effect; consequence; weight or value; consideration.
Matters of great moment. -- Shak.
It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far less moment and consequence of us than the others. -- Bentley.
Moment (n.) An essential element; a deciding point, fact, or consideration; an essential or influential circumstance.
Moment (n.) (Math.) An infinitesimal change in a varying quantity; an increment or decrement. [Obs.]
Moment (n.) (Mech.) Tendency, or measure of tendency, to produce motion, esp. motion about a fixed point or axis.
Moment of a couple (Mech.), The product of either of its forces into the perpendicular distance between them.
Moment of a force. (Mech.) With respect to a point, the product of the intensity of the force into the perpendicular distance from the point to the line of direction of the force.
Moment of a force. (Mech.) With respect to a line, the product of that component of the force which is perpendicular to the plane passing through the line and the point of application of the force, into the shortest distance between the line and this point.
Moment of a force. (Mech.) With respect to a plane that is parallel to the force, the product of the force into the perpendicular distance of its point of application from the plane.
Moment of inertia, Of a rotating body, the sum of the mass of each particle of matter of the body into the square of its distance from the axis of rotation; -- called also moment of rotation and moment of the mass.
Statical moment, The product of a force into its leverage; the same as moment of a force with respect to a point, line, etc.
Virtual moment. See under Virtual.
Syn: Instant; twinkling; consequence; weight; force; value; consideration; signification; avail.
Moment (n.) A particular point in time; "the moment he arrived the party began" [syn: moment, minute, second, instant]
Moment (n.) An indefinitely short time; "wait just a moment"; "in a mo"; "it only takes a minute"; "in just a bit" [syn: moment, mo, minute, second, bit].
Moment (n.) At this time; "the disappointments of the here and now"; "she is studying at the moment" [syn: here and now, present moment, moment].
Moment (n.) Having important effects or influence; "decisions of great consequence are made by the president himself"; "virtue is of more moment than security"; "that result is of no consequence" [syn: consequence, import, moment] [ant: inconsequence].
Moment (n.) A turning force produced by an object acting at a distance (or a measure of that force).
Moment (n.) The n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value.
Momental (a.) [Obs.] Lasting but a moment; brief.
Not one momental minute doth she swerve. -- Breton.
Momental (a.) Important; momentous.
Momental (a.) (Mech.) Of or pertaining to moment or momentum.
Momentally (adv.) For a moment. [Obs.] Momentaneous
Momentaneous (a.) Alt. of Momentany.
Momentany (a.) Momentary. [Obs.] -- Hooker. "Momentany as a sound." -- Shak.
Momentaneous (a.) Lasting for a markedly brief time; "a fleeting glance"; "fugitive hours"; "rapid momentaneous association of things that meet and pass"; "a momentary glimpse" [syn: fleeting, fugitive, momentaneous, momentary].
Momentarily (adv.) Every moment; from moment to moment. -- Shenstone.
Momentarily (adv.) In a moment; in the immediate future.
Momentarily (adv.) For an instant or moment; "we paused momentarily before proceeding"; "a cardinal perched momently on the dogwood branch" [syn: momentarily, momently].
Momentarily (adv.) At any moment; "she will be with you momently" [syn: momentarily, momently].
Momentariness (n.) The state or quality of being momentary; shortness of duration.
Momentary (a.) Done in a moment; continuing only a moment; lasting a very short time; as, a momentary pang.
This momentary joy breeds months of pain. -- Shak.
Momentary (a.) Lasting for a markedly brief time; "a fleeting glance"; "fugitive hours"; "rapid momentaneous association of things that meet and pass"; "a momentary glimpse" [syn: fleeting, fugitive, momentaneous, momentary].
Momently (adv.) For a moment.
Momently (adv.) In a moment; every moment; momentarily.
Momently (adv.) For an instant or moment; "we paused momentarily before proceeding"; "a cardinal perched momently on the dogwood branch" [syn: momentarily, momently].
Momently (adv.) At any moment; "she will be with you momently" [syn: momentarily, momently].
Momentous (a.) Of moment or consequence; very important; weighty; as, a momentous decision; momentous affairs. -- Mo*men"tous*ly, (adv.) -- Mo*men"tous*ness, n.
Momentous (a.) Of very great significance; "deciding to drop the atom bomb was a very big decision"; "a momentous event."
Momenta (n. pl. ) of Momentum.
Momentums (n. pl. ) of Momentum.
Momentum (n.) (Mech.) The quantity of motion in a moving body, being always proportioned to the quantity of matter multiplied into the velocity; impetus.
Momentum (n.) Essential element, or constituent element.
I shall state the several momenta of the distinction in separate propositions. -- Sir W. Hamilton.
Momentum (n.) A property of an activity or course of events, viewed as analogous to forward motion or to physical momentum (def. 1), such that the activity is believed to be able to continue moving forward without further application of force or effort; -- often used to describe an increase in the acquisition of public support for a purpose; as, as, the petition drive gained momentum when it was mentioned in the newspapers.
Momier (n.) A name given in contempt to strict Calvinists in Switzerland, France, and some parts of Germany, in the early part of the 19th century.
Mommery (n.) See Mummery. -- Rowe.
Momot (n.) (Zool.) See Motmot.
Compare: Motmot
Motmot (n.) (Zool.) Any one of several species of long-tailed, passerine birds of the genus Momotus, having a strong serrated beak. In most of the species the two long middle tail feathers are racket-shaped at the tip, when mature. The bird itself is said by some writers to trim them into this shape. They feed on insects, reptiles, and fruit, and are found from Mexico to Brazil. The name is derived from its note. [Written also momot.].
Momot (n.) Tropical American bird resembling a blue jay and having greenish and bluish plumage [syn: motmot, momot].
Momus (n.) (Gr. Myth.) The god of mockery and censure.
Momus (n.) God of blame and mockery [syn: Momus, Momos].
Compare: Mono-
Mono-, Mon-, () A prefix signifying one, single, alone; as, monocarp, monopoly; (Chem.) indicating that a compound contains one atom, one radical, or one group of that to the name of which it is united; as, monoxide, monosulphide, monatomic, etc.
Mon- () Same as Mono-.
Mon (n.) (Japan) The badge of a family, esp. of a family of the ancient feudal nobility. The most frequent form of the mon is circular, and it commonly consists of conventionalized forms from nature, flowers, birds, insects, the lightnings, the waves of the sea, or of geometrical symbolic figures; color is only a secondary character. It appears on lacquer and pottery, and embroidered on, or woven in, fabrics. The imperial chrysanthemum, the mon of the reigning family, is used as a national emblem. Formerly the mon of the shoguns of the Tokugawa family was so used.
Mona (n.) (Zool.) A small, handsome, long-tailed West American monkey ({Cercopithecus mona). The body is dark olive, with a spot of white on the haunches.
Mona (n.) An island to the northwest of Wales [syn: Anglesey, Anglesey Island, Anglesea, Anglesea Island, Mona].
Mona, UT -- U.S. town in Utah
Population (2000): 850
Housing Units (2000): 243
Land area (2000): 1.384247 sq. miles (3.585182 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.038009 sq. miles (0.098442 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1.422256 sq. miles (3.683624 sq. km)
FIPS code: 51140
Located within: Utah (UT), FIPS 49
Location: 39.815392 N, 111.856354 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 84645
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Mona, UT
Mona
Monachal (a.) Of or pertaining to monks or a monastic life; monastic.
Monachism (n.) The system and influences of a monastic life; monasticism.
Monacid (a.) (Chem.) Having one hydrogen atom replaceable by an acidic atom or radical.
Syn: monoacid, monoacidic, monacidic.
Monacid (a.) (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing one equivalent of a monobasic acid; -- said of bases, and of certain metals.
Monacid (n.) (Chem.) An acid having one replaceable hydrogen atom.
Syn: monoacid.
Monad (n.) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible.
Monad (n.) (Philos. of Leibnitz) The elementary and indestructible units which were conceived of as endowed with the power to produce all the changes they undergo, and thus determine all physical and spiritual phenomena.
Monad (n.) (Zool.) One of the smallest flangellate Infusoria; esp., the species of the genus Monas, and allied genera.
Monad (n.) (Biol.) A simple, minute organism; a primary cell, germ, or plastid.
Monad (n.) (Chem.) An atom or radical whose valence is one, or which can combine with, be replaced by, or exchanged for, one atom of hydrogen.
Monad deme (Biol.), In tectology, a unit of the first order of individuality.
Monad (n.) (Chemistry) An atom having a valence of one.
Monad (n.) A singular metaphysical entity from which material properties are said to derive [syn: monad, monas].
Monad (n.) (Biology) A single-celled microorganism (especially a flagellate protozoan).
Monad, () A technique from category theory which has been adopted as a way of dealing with state in functional programming languages in such a way that the details of the state are hidden or abstracted out of code that merely passes it on unchanged.
A monad has three components: a means of augmenting an existing type, a means of creating a default value of this new type from a value of the original type, and a replacement for the basic application operator for the old type that works with the new type.
The alternative to passing state via a monad is to add an extra argument and return value to many functions which have no interest in that state. Monads can encapsulate state, side effects, exception handling, global data, etc. in a purely lazily functional way.
A monad can be expressed as the triple, (M, unitM, bindM) where M is a function on types and (using Haskell notation):
unitM :: a -> M a
bindM :: M a -> (a -> M b) -> M b
I.e. unitM converts an ordinary value of type a in to monadic form and bindM applies a function to a monadic value after de-monadising it. E.g. a state transformer monad:
type S a = State -> (a, State)
unitS a = \ s0 -> (a, s0)
m `bindS` k = \ s0 -> let (a,s1) = m s0
in k a s1
Here unitS adds some initial state to an ordinary value and bindS applies function k to a value m. (`fun` is Haskell notation for using a function as an infix operator). Both m and k take a state as input and return a new state as part of their output. The construction m `bindS` k composes these two state transformers into one while also passing the value of m to k.
Monads are a powerful tool in functional programming. If a program is written using a monad to pass around a variable (like the state in the example above) then it is easy to change what is passed around simply by changing the monad. Only the parts of the program which deal directly with the quantity concerned need be altered, parts which merely pass it on unchanged will stay the same.
In functional programming, unitM is often called initM or returnM and bindM is called thenM. A third function, mapM is frequently defined in terms of then and return. This applies a given function to a list of monadic values, threading some variable (e.g. state) through the applications:
mapM :: (a -> M b) -> [a] -> M [b]
mapM f [] = returnM []
mapM f (x:xs) = f x `thenM` ( \ x2 ->
mapM f xs `thenM` ( \ xs2 ->
returnM (x2 : xs2) ))
(2000-03-09)
Monad, (n.) The ultimate, indivisible unit of matter. (See MOLECULE.) According to Leibnitz, as nearly as he seems willing to be understood, the monad has body without bulk, and mind without manifestation -- Leibnitz knows him by the innate power of considering. He has founded upon him a theory of the universe, which the creature bears without resentment, for the monad is a gentleman.
Small as he is, the monad contains all the powers and possibilities needful to his evolution into a German philosopher of the first class -- altogether a very capable little fellow. He is not to be confounded with the microbe, or bacillus; by its inability to discern him, a good microscope shows him to be of an entirely distinct species.