Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter J - Page 3
Jam (v. t.) (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback. -- W. C. Russell.
Jam (v. t.) To block or obstruct by packing too much (people or objects) into; as, shoppers jammed the aisles during the fire sale.
Jam (v. t.) (Radio) To interfere with (a radio signal) by sending other signals of the same or nearby frequency; as, the Soviets jammed Radio Free Europe broadcasts for years during the cold war.
Jam (v. t.) To cause to become nonfunctional by putting something in that blocks the movement of a part or parts; as, he jammed the drawer by putting in too many loose papers; he jammed the lock by trying to pick it.
Jam (n.) A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river.
Jam (n.) An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]
Jam (n.) A difficult situation; as, he got himself into a jam. [informal].
Jam (n.) A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; also called jelly; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam.
Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check.
Jam weld (Forging), A butt weld. See under Butt.
Jam (n.) Preserve of crushed fruit.
Jam (n.) Informal terms for a difficult situation; "he got into a terrible fix"; "he made a muddle of his marriage" [syn: fix, hole, jam, mess, muddle, pickle, kettle of fish].
Jam (n.) A dense crowd of people [syn: crush, jam, press].
Jam (n.) Deliberate radiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of disrupting enemy use of electronic devices or systems [syn: jamming, electronic jamming, jam].
Jam (v.) Press tightly together or cram; "The crowd packed the auditorium" [syn: throng, mob, pack, pile, jam].
Jam (v.) Push down forcibly; "The driver jammed the brake pedal to the floor".
Jam (v.) Crush or bruise; "jam a toe" [syn: jam, crush].
Jam (v.) Interfere with or prevent the reception of signals; "Jam the Voice of America"; "block the signals emitted by this station" [syn: jam, block].
Jam (v.) Get stuck and immobilized; "the mechanism jammed".
Jam (v.) Crowd or pack to capacity; "the theater was jampacked" [syn: jam, jampack, ram, chock up, cram, wad].
Jam (v.) Block passage through; "obstruct the path" [syn: obstruct, obturate, impede, occlude, jam, block, close up] [ant: disengage, free].
Jamacina (n.) [NL.] Jamaicine.
Jamaicine (n.) (Chem.) An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina. -- Watts.
Jamadar (n.) Same as Jemidar.
Jemidar (n.) The chief or leader of a band or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English army. [Written also jemadar, jamadar.]
Jamaica (n.) One of the West India is islands.
Jamaica ginger, A variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately.
Jamaica pepper, allspice.
Jamaica rose (Bot.), A West Indian melastomaceous shrub ({Blakea trinervis), with showy pink flowers.
Jamaica (n.) A country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is Tourism.
Jamaica (n.) An island in the West Indies to the south of Cuba and to the west of Haiti.
Jamaican (a.) Of or pertaining to Jamaica.
Jamaican (n.) A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.
Jamaican (a.) Of or relating to Jamaica (the island or the country) or to its inhabitants; "Jamaican rum"; "the Jamaican Prime Minister".
Jamaican (n.) A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.
Jamaicine (n.) (Chem.) An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina. -- Watts.
Jamb, Jambe, Jambeau (n.) See Jambes.
Jamb (n.) (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. -- Gwilt.
Jamb (n.) (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.
Jamb (v. t.) See Jam, v. t. & i. Jambe; Jamb
Jamb (n.) Upright consisting of a vertical side member of a door or window frame.
Jambee (n.) A fashionable cane. [Obs.] -- Tatler. Jambes
Jambes (n.) Alt. of Jambeux
Jambeux (n.) (Ancient Armor) In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees , usually having front and back pieces; called also greaves. [Written also giambeux.] -- Chaucer.
Jambolana (n.) (Bot.) A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America ({Calyptranthes Jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It bears an edible fruit. Jambool
Jamdani (n.) A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers. [Written also jamdanee.] -- Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jamesonite (n.) (Min.) A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.
James's powder, () (Med.) Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James, ar English physician; -- called also fever powder.
Compare: Antimonial
Antimonial (a.) Of or pertaining to antimony. -- n. (Med.) A preparation or medicine containing antimony.
Antimonial powder, A consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also called James's powder.
Jamestown weed () (Bot.) The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium ({Datura stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown, Virginia. See Datura.
Note: This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and gympsum.
Jamestown weed (n.) Intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits [syn: jimsonweed, jimson weed, Jamestown weed, common thorn apple, apple of Peru, Datura stramonium].
Jammu (n.) (Proper noun) 賈姆穆或查謨 A town in northwestern India; population 542,200 (est. 2009). It is the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Jan (n.) One of intermediate order between angels and men.
Jane (n.) A coin of Genoa; any small coin.
Jane (n.) A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) (n.) 珍·奧斯汀（英語：Jane Austen；1775年12月16日－1817年7月18日）是一位英國小說家，她的五部主要作品詮釋評論了18世紀末英國地主鄉紳的生活。她出版的第二部小說《傲慢與偏見》是她在世時評價最高的作品。她小說中的情節常常反映了女性為追求社會地位和經濟保障而把婚姻作為依靠。她的作品批評十八世紀下半葉的感性的小說，而且她的小說是十九世紀向現實主義轉換的一部分。
奧斯汀的作品如今幾乎從不絕版，但它們在當初是匿名出版的，在她在世時只收穫了寥寥評論，沒有使她出名。1869年，她去世52年後，她的侄子出版了《珍·奧斯汀回憶錄》（A Memoir of Jane Austen），更多公眾和讀者得以知曉她，她作為作家的名望經歷了重大的轉變。奧斯汀的五部主要作品都在1811年至1818年間首次出版。1811年至1816年，《理性與感性》（1811）、《傲慢與偏見》（1813）、《曼斯菲爾德莊園》（1814）和《愛瑪》（1815）使她成為了一個成功作家。她還寫了兩部小說，分別是《諾桑覺寺》和《勸導》，在她去世後的1818年出版。她還開始了另一部小說的創作，但沒有完成就去世了，它最終被命名為《桑迪頓》。
在20和21世紀，以奧斯汀的作品為題的評論文章和她的文學選集大量出現，把她確立為聞名世界的傑出英國作家。她的書經常成為其他文化藝術形式的靈感來源，對她小說的影視改編開始於1940年由勞倫斯·奧利弗主演的電影《傲慢與偏見》並持續至今。Was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security. Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism. [2] [b] Her use of biting irony, along with her realism and social commentary, have earned her acclaim among critics and scholars.
With the publications of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled Sanditon, but died before its completion. She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript and another unfinished novel, The Watsons. Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.
A significant transition in her posthumous reputation occurred in 1833, when her novels were republished in Richard Bentley's Standard Novels series, illustrated by Ferdinand Pickering, and sold as a set. [4] They gradually gained wider acclaim and popular readership. In 1869, fifty-two years after her death, her nephew's publication of A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced a compelling version of her writing career and supposedly uneventful life to an eager audience.
Austen has inspired a large number of critical essays and literary anthologies. Her novels have inspired many films, from 1940's Pride and Prejudice to more recent productions like Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Love & Friendship (2016).
Jane-of-apes (n.) A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes.
Jangled (imp. & p. p.) of Jangle.
Jangling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Jangle.
Jangle (v. i.) To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.
Jangle (v. i.) To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip.
Jangle (v. i.) To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.
Jangle (v. t.) To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.
Jangle (n.) Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble.
Jangle (n.) Discordant sound; wrangling.
Jangler (n.) An idle talker; a babbler; a prater.
Jangler (n.) A wrangling, noisy fellow.
Jangleress (n.) A female prater or babbler.
Janglery (n.) Jangling.
Jangling (a.) Producing discordant sounds.
Jangling (n.) Idle babbling; vain disputation.
Jangling (n.) Wrangling; altercation.
Janissary (n.) See Janizary.
Janitor (n.) A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.
Janitress (n.) Alt. of Janitrix
Janitrix (n.) A female janitor.
Janizar (n.) A janizary.
Janizarian (a.) Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government.
Janizaries (n. pl. ) of Janizary.
Janizary (n.) A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826.
Janker (n.) A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs.
Jansenism (n.) The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.
Jansenist (n.) A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.
Jant (v. i.) See Jaunt.
Janthina (n.) See Ianthina.
Jantily (adv.) See Jauntily.
Jantiness (n.) See Jauntiness.
Jantu (n.) A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water to irrigate land.
Janty (a.) See Jaunty.
January (n.) The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
Janus (n.) A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace.
Janus-faced (a.) Double-faced; deceitful.
Janus-headed (a.) Double-headed.
Japan (n.) A constitutional monarchy on a chain of islands off the E coast of Asia: main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. 125,716,637; 141,529 sq. mi. (366,560 sq. km). Capital: Tokyo. Japanese, Nihon, Nippon.
Japan (n.) Sea of, The part of the Pacific Ocean between Japan and mainland Asia.
Japan (n.) Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.
Japan (a.) Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware.
Japanned (imp. & p. p.) of Japan.
Japanning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Japan.
Japan (v. t.) To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.
Japan (v. t.) To give a glossy black to, as shoes.
Japanese (a.) Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.
Japanese (n. sing. & pl.) A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.
Japanese (n. sing. & pl.) The language of the people of Japan.
Japanned (a.) Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.
Japanner (n.) One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.
Japanner (n.) A bootblack.
Japanning (n.) The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.
Japannish (a.) After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles.
Jape (v. i.) To jest; to play tricks; to jeer.
Jape (v. t.) To mock; to trick.
Japer (n.) A jester; a buffoon.
Japery (n.) Jesting; buffoonery.
Japhethite (n.) A Japhetite.
Japhetic (a.) Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.
Japhetite (n.) A descendant of Japheth.
Japonica (n.) A species of Camellia (Camellia Japonica), a native of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the same name.
Jar (n.) A turn. [Only in phrase.]
Jar (n.) A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar.
Jar (n.) The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.
Jarred (imp. & p. p.) of Jar.
Jarring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Jar.
Jar (v. i.) To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.
Jar (v. i.) To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.
Jar (v. t.) To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.
Jar (v. t.) To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off.
Jar (n.) A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.
Jar (n.) Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.
Jar (n.) A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
Jar (n.) In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.
Jararaca (n.) A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.
Jarble (v. t.) To wet; to bemire.
Jardiniere (n.) An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.
Jards (n.) A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.