Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter J - Page 11
Judge (n.) (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.
Judge (n..) pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges.
Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), A person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel.
Judge-Advocate General, In the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.
Syn: Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee.
Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
Judged (imp. & p. p.) of Judge
Judging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Judge
Judge (v. i.) To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.
The Lord judge between thee and me. -- Gen. xvi. 5.
Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! -- Milton.
Judge (v. i.) To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3.
Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. -- Shak.
Judge (v. i.) To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.
Judge not according to the appearance. -- John vii. 24.
She is wise if I can judge of her. -- Shak.
Judge (v. t.) To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife." -- Milton.
Judge (v. t.) To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.
God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. -- Eccl. iii. 7.
To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. -- Shak.
Judge (v. t.) To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward.
Judge not, that ye be not judged. -- Matt. vii. 1.
Judge (v. t.) To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.
If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. -- Acts xvi.15.
Judge (v. t.) To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.]
Make us a king to judge us. -- 1 Sam. viii. 5.
Judge (n.) A public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice [syn: judge, justice, jurist].
Judge (n.) An authority who is able to estimate worth or quality [syn: evaluator, judge].
Judge (v.) Determine the result of (a competition).
Judge (v.) Form a critical opinion of; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" [syn: evaluate, pass judgment, judge].
Judge (v.) Judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" [syn: estimate, gauge, approximate, guess, judge].
Judge (v.) Pronounce judgment on; "They labeled him unfit to work here" [syn: pronounce, label, judge].
Judge (v.) Put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; "The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"; "The judge tried both father and son in separate trials" [syn: judge, adjudicate, try].
Judge (n.) [ C ] (Person) (B2) 法官；審判員 A person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime should be punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters.
// A British high-court judge.
// A US Supreme Court judge.
Judge (n.) [ C ] (Decide) (B1) （比賽的）裁判員，評判員 The person who officially decides who is the winner of a competition.
// A panel of judges.
Judge (n.) [ C ] (Decide) (C2) 鑒定人；鑒賞家 A person who has the knowledge to give an opinion about something or is able to decide if someone or something is good or bad.
// She's such a bad judge of character.
// "I really don't think you should have another drink." "I'll be/ Let me be the judge of that (= I am able to make my own decision about that)."
Judge (v.) [ I or T ] (B1) （尤指認真考慮之後）斷定，判斷，估計 To form, give, or have as an opinion, or to decide about something or someone, especially after thinking carefully.
// So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.
// [ + question word ] It's difficult to judge whether the new system really is an improvement.
// The meeting was judged (to have been) a success.
// You shouldn't judge by/on appearances alone.
// I'm hopeless at judging distance(s) (= guessing how far it is between places).
Judge (v.) (C1) 裁判（比賽）；擔任裁判 To officially decide who will be the winner of a competition.
// I've been asked to judge the children's poetry competition.
Judging by/ from (also to judge by/ from) (B2) 根據…判斷 Used to express the reasons why you have a particular opinion.
// Judging by what he said, I think it's very unlikely that he'll be able to support your application.
Idiom:
You can't judge a book by its cover (Saying) 勿只憑外表判斷；不能以貌取人 Said to show that you cannot know what something or someone is like by looking only at that person or thing's appearance.
Federal judge (n.) 聯邦法官 Are judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state / provincial / local level.
United States federal judge (n.) A United States federal judge is a judge appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution.
The judges of some courts with special jurisdictions, among them federal magistrates and bankruptcy judges, are also sometimes called "federal judges", but they are not judges in the sense in which Article III uses the term. The distinction is sometimes expressed by saying that they are not "Article III judges".
Judger (n.) One who judges.
Judgeship (n.) The office of a judge.
Judgment (n.) 判斷，判斷力，評判，評價；裁判，判決 The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confidence.
I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the salte sea my wife is deed. -- Chaucer.
Judgment (n.) The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without judgment.
He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with judgment. -- Ps. lxxii. 2.
Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes. Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment look. -- Shak.
Judgment (n.) The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.
She in my judgment was as fair as you. -- Shak.
Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. -- Pope.
Judgment (n.) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.
In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own. -- Jer. Taylor.
Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. -- Shak.
Judgment (n.) (Philos.) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical.
Judgment (n.) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.
A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another. -- Sir W. Hamilton.
The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of judgment. -- Stewart.
Judgment (n.) A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment. "Judgments are prepared for scorners." -- Prov. xix. 29. "This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble." -- Shak.
Judgment (n.) (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.
Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement.
Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.
Judgment
day (Theol.),
The last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects
of God's mora government.
Judgment debt (Law), A debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order.
Judgment hall, A hall where courts are held.Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stan before the judgment seat of Christ." -- Rom. xiv. 10.
Judgment
summons (Law), A proceeding by a
judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.
Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n.
Judge (n.) Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal.
Syn: Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See Taste.
Judgment (n.) An opinion formed by judging something; "he was reluctant to make his judgment known"; "she changed her mind" [syn: judgment, judgement, mind].
Judgment (n.) The act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event; "they criticized my judgment of the contestants" [syn: judgment, judgement, assessment].
Judgment (n.) (Law) The determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it [syn: judgment, judgement, judicial decision].
Judgment (n.) The cognitive
process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions [syn: judgment,
judgement, judging].
Judgment (n.) The legal document stating the reasons for a
judicial decision; "opinions are usually written by a single judge" [syn:
opinion, legal opinion, judgment, judgement].
Judgment (n.) The capacity to assess situations or circumstances shrewdly and to draw sound conclusions [syn: judgment, judgement, sound judgment, sound judgement, perspicacity].
Judgment (n.) The mental ability to understand and discriminate between elations [syn: sagacity, sagaciousness, judgment, judgement, discernment].
Judgment, () practice. The decision or sentence of the law, given by a court of justice or other competent tribunal, as the result of proceedings instituted therein, for the redress of an injury.
Judgment, () The language of judgments, therefore, is not that "it is decreed," or "resolved," by the court; but "it is considered," (consideratum est per curiam) that the plaintiff recover his debt, damages, or possession, as the case may require, or that the defendant do go without day. This implies that the judgment is not so much the decision of the court, as the sentence of the law pronounced and decreed by the court, after due deliberation and inquiry.
Judgment, () To be valid, a judicial judgment must be given by a competent judge or court, at a time and place appointed by law, and in the form it requires.
A judgment would be null, if the judge had not jurisdiction of the matter; or, having such jurisdiction, he exercised it when there was no court held, or but of his district; or if be rendered a judgment before the cause was prepared for a hearing.
Judgment, () The judgment must confine itself to the question raised before the court, and cannot extend beyond it. For example, where the plaintiff sued for an injury committed on his lands by animals owned and kept carelessly by defendant, the judgment may be for damages, but it cannot command the defendant for the future to keep his cattle out of the plaintiff's land.
That would be to usurp the power of the legislature. A judgment declares the rights which belong to the citizen, the law alone rules future actions. The law commands all men, it is the same for all, because it is general; judgments are particular decisions, which apply only to particular persons, and bind no others; they vary like the circumstances on which they are founded.
Judgment, () Litigious contests present to the courts facts to appreciate, agreements to be construed, and points of law to be resolved. The judgment is the result of the full examination of all these.
Judgment, () There are four kinds of judgments in civil cases, namely: 1. When the facts are admitted by the parties, but the law is disputed; as in case of judgment upon demurrer. 2. When the law is admitted, but the facts are disputed; as in, case of judgment upon a verdict. 3. When both the law and the facts are admitted by confession; as, in the case of cognovit actionem, on the part of the defendant; or nolle prosequi, on the part of the plaintiff. 4. By default of either party in the course of legal proceedings, as in the case of judgment by nihil dicit, or non sum informatus, when the defendant has omitted to plead or instruct his attorney to do so, after a proper notice or in cases of judgment by non pros; or, as in case of nonsuit, when the plaintiff omits to follow up his proceedings.
Judgment, () These four species of judgments, again, are either interlocutory or final. Vide 3 Black. Com. 396; Bing. on Judg. 1. For the lien of judgment in the several estates, vide Lien.
Judgment, () A list of the various judgments is here given.
Judgment, () Judgment in assumpsit is either in favor of the plaintiff or defendant; when in favor of the plaintiff, it is that he recover a specified sum, assessed by a jury, or on reference to the prothonotary, or other proper officer, for the damages which he has sustained, by reason of the defendant's non-performance of his promises and undertakings, and for full costs of suit. 1 Chit. Pl. 100. When the judgment is for the defendant, it is that he recover his costs.
Judgment, () Judgment in actions on the case for torts, when for the plaintiff, is that he recover a sum of money ascertained by a jury for his damages occasioned by the committing of the grievances complained of, and the costs of suit. 1 Ch. Pl. 147. When for the defendant, it is for costs.
Judgment, () Judgment of cassetur breve, or billa, is in cases of pleas in abatement where the plaintiff prays that his "writ" or "bill" "may be quashed, that he may sue or exhibit a better one." Steph. Pl. 130, 131, 128 Lawes, Civ. PI.
Judgment, () Judgment by confession. When instead of entering a plea, the defendant chooses to confess the action; or, after pleading; he does, at any time before trial, both confess the action and withdraw his plea or other allegations; the judgment against him, in these two cases, is called a judgment by confession or by confession relicta verificatione. Steph. Pl. 130.
Judgment, () Contradictory judgment. By this term is understood, in the state of Louisiana, a judgment which has been given after the parties have been heard, either in support of their claims, or in their defence. Code of Pract. art. 535; 11 L. R. 366, 569. A judgment is called contradictory to distinguish it from one which is rendered by default.
Judgment, () Judgment in covenant; when for the plaintiff, is that he recover an ascertained sum for his damages, which he has sustained by reason of the breach or breaches of the defendant's covenant, together with costs of suit. 1 Chitty's Plead. 116, 117. When for the defendant, the judgment, is for costs.
Judgment, () Judgment in the action of debt; when for the plaintiff, is that he recover his debt, and in general, nominal damages for the detention thereof; and in cases under the 8 and 9 Wm. III. c. 11, it is also awarded, that the plaintiff have execution for the damages sustained by the breach of a bond, conditioned for the performance of covenants; and that plaintiff recover full costs of suit. 1 Chitty's Pl. 108, 9.
Judgment, () In some penal and other particular actions the plaintiff does not, however, always recover costs. Espinasse on Pen. Act. 154: Hull. on Costs, 200; Bull. N. P. 333; 5 Johns. R. 251.
Judgment, () When the judgment is for the defendant, it is generally for costs. In some penal actions, however, neither party can recover costs, 5 Johns. R. 251.
Judgment, () Judgment by default, is a judgment rendered in consequence of tho non-appearance of the defendant, and is either by nil dicit; vide Judgment by nil dicit, or by non sum informatus; vide Judgment by non sum informatus.
Judgment, () This judgment is interlocutory in assumpsit, covenant, trespass, case, and replevin, where the sole object of the action is damages; but in debt, damages not being the principal object of the action, the plaintiff usually signs final judgment in the first instance. Vide Com. Dig. Pleader, B 11 and 12, E 42; 7 Vin. Ab. 429; Doct. Pl. 208; Grah. Pr, 631 Dane's Ab. Index, h.t.; 3 Chit. Pr. 671 to 680; Tidd's Pr. 563; 1 Lilly's Reg. 585; and article Default.
Judgment, () Judgment in the action of detinue; when for the plaintiff, is in the alternative, that he recover the goods, or the value thereof, if he cannot have the goods themselves, and his damage for the detention and costs. 1 Ch. Pl. l21, 2; 1 Dall. R. 458.
Judgment, () Judgment in error, is a judgment rendered by a court of error, on a record sent up, from an inferior court. These judgments are of two kinds, of affirmance and reversal. When the judgment is for the defendant in error, whether the errors assigned be in law or in fact, it is "that the former judgment be affirmed, and stand in full force and effect, the said causes and matters assigned for error notwithstanding, and that the defendant in error recover $____ for his damages, charges and costs which he hath sustained," &c. 2 Tidd's Pr. 1126; Arch. Forms, 221. When it is for the plaintiff in error, the judgment is that it be reversed or recalled. It is to be reversed for error in law, in this form, that it be reversed, annulled and altogether holden for nought." Arch. Forms, 224. For error in fact the, judgment is recalled, revocatur. 2 Tidd's Pr. 1126.
Judgment, () A final judgment is one which puts an end to the suit.
Judgment, () When the issue is one in
fact, and is tried by a jury, the jury at the time that they try the
issue, assess the damages, and the judgment is final in the first instance, and
is that the plaintiff do recover the damages assessed.
Judgment, () When an interlocutory judgment has been rendered, and
a writ of inquiry has issued to ascertain the damages, on the return of the
inquisition the plaintiff is entitled to a final judgment, namely, that he
recover the amount of damages so assessed. Steph. Pl. 127, 128.
Judgment, () An interlocutory judgment, is one given in the course of a cause, before final judgment. When the action sounds in damages, and the issue is an issue in law, or when any issue in fact not tried by a jury is decided in favor of the plaintiff, then the judgment is that the plaintiff ought to recover his damages without specifying their amount; for, as there has been no trial by jury in the case, the amount of damages is not yet ascertained.
The judgment is then said to be interlocutory.
Judgment, () To ascertain such damages it is the practice to issue a writ of inquiry. Steph. Pl. 127. When the action is founded on a promissory note, bond, or other writing, or any other contract by which the amount due may be readily computed, the practice is, in some courts, to refer it to the prothonotary or clerk to assess the damages.
Judgment, () There is one species of interlocutory judgment which establishes nothing but the inadequacy of the defence set up this is the judgment for the plaintiff on demurrer to a plea in abatement, by which it appears that the defendant has mistaken the law on a point which does not affect the merits of his case; and it being but reasonable that he should offer, if he can, a further defence, that judgment is that he do answer over, in technical language, judgment of respondeat ouster. (q.v.) Steph. Plead, 126; Bac. Ab. Pleas, N. 4; 2 Arch. Pr. 3.
Judgment, () Judgment of nil capiat per breve or per billam. When an issue arises upon a declaration or peremptory plea, and it is decided in favor of the defendant, the judgment is, in general, that, the plaintiff take nothing by his writ, (or bill,) and that the defendant go thereof without day, &c. This is called a judgment of nil capiat per breve, or per billam. Steph. Pl. 128.
Judgment, () Judgment by nil dicit, is one rendered against a defendant for want of a plea. The plaintiff obtains a rule on the defendant to plead within a time specified, of which he serves a notice on the defendant or his attorney; if the defendant neglect to enter a plea within the time specified, the plaintiff may sign judgment against him.
Judgment, () Judgment of nolle prosequi, is a judgment entered against the plaintiff, where, after appearance and before judgment, he says, "he will not further prosecute his suit." Steph. Pl. 130 Lawes Civ. Pl. 166.
Judgment, () Judgment of non obstante veredicto, is a judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff, without regard to the verdict obtained by the defendant.
Judgment, () The motion for such judgment is made where after a pleading by the defendant in confession and avoidance, as, for example, a plea in bar, and issue joined thereon, and verdict found for, the defendant, the plaintiff on retrospective examination of the record, conceives that such plea was bad in substance, and might have been made the subject of demurrer on that ground. If the plea was itself substantially bad in law, of course the verdict, which merely shows it to be true in point of fact, cannot avail to entitle the defendant to judgment; while on the other hand the plea being in confession and avoidance, involves a confession of the plaintiff's declaration, and shows that he was entitled. to maintain his action. In such case, therefore, this court will give judgment for the plaintiff, without regard to the verdict; and this, for the reasons above explained, is called a judgment upon confession. Sometimes it may be expedient for the plaintiff to move for judgment non obstante, &c., even though the verdict be in his own favor; for, if in such case as above described, he takes judgment as upon the verdict, it seems that such judgment would be erroneous, and that the only safe course is to take it as upon confession. 1 Wils. 63; Cro. Eliz, 778 2 Roll. Ab. 99. See also, Cro. Eliz. 2 1 4 6 Mod. 1 0; Str. 394; 1 Ld. Raym. 641; 8 Taunt. 413; Rast. Ent. 622; 1 Wend. 307; 2 Wend. 624; 5 Wend. 513; 4 Wend. 468; 6 Cowen, R. 225. See this Dict. Repleader, for the difference between a repleader and a judgment non obstante veredicto.
Judgment, () Judgment by non sum informatus, is one which is rendered, when instead of entering a plea, the defendant's attorney says he is not informed of any answer to be given to the action. Steph. Pl. 130.
Judgment, () Judgment of non pros. (from non prosequitur,) is one given against the plaintiff, in any class of actions, for not declaring, or replying, or surrejoining, &c., or for not entering the issue.
Judgment, () Judgment of nonsuit, Practice, is one against the plaintiff, which happens when, on trial by jury, the plaintiff, on being called or demanded, at the instance of the defendant, to be present while the jury give their verdict, fails to make his appearance.
Judgment, () In this case, no verdict is given, but the judgment of nonsuit passes against the plaintiff. So if, after issue be joined, the plaintiff neglect to bring such issue on to be tried in due time, as limited by the practice of the court, in the particular case, judgment will be also given against him for this default; and it is called judgment as in case of nonsuit. Steph. Pl. 131.
Judgment, () After suffering a nonsuit, the plaintiff may commence another action for the same cause for which the first had been instituted.
Judgment, () In some cases, plaintiffs having obtained information in what manner the jury had agreed upon their verdict before it was delivered in court, have, when the jury were ready to give in such verdict against them, suffered a nonsuit for the purpose of commencing another action and obtaining another trial. To prevent this abuse, the legislature of Pennsylvania have provided, by the Act of March 28, 1814, 6:Reed's L. 208, that "whenever on the trial of any cause, the jury shall be ready to give in their verdict, the plaintiff shall not be called, nor shall he then be permitted to suffer a nonsuit."
Judgment, () Judgment quod computet. The name of an interlocutory judgment in an action of account render that the defendant do account, quod computet. Vide 4 Wash. C. C. R. 84; 2 Watts, R. 95; 1 Penn. R. 138.
Judgment, () Judgment quod recuperet. When an issue in law, other than one arising on a dilatory plea, or an issue in fact, is decided in favor of the plaintiff, the judgment is, that the plaintiff do recover, which is called a judgment quod recuperet. Steph. Pl. 126; Com. Dig. Abatement, I 14, I 15; 2 Arch. Pr. 3. This judgment is of two kinds, namely, interlocutory or final.
Judgment, () Judgment in replevin, is either for the plaintiff or defendant.
Judgment, () For the plaintiff. 1. When the declaration is in the detinuit, that is, where the plaintiff declares, that the chattels "were detained until replevied by the sheriff," the judgment is that he recover the damages assessed by the jury for the taking and unjust detention, or for the latter only, where the former was justifiable, as also his costs. 5 Serg. & Rawle, 133 Ham. N. P. 488.
Judgment, () If the replevin is in the detinet, that is, where the plaintiff declares that the chattels taken are "yet detained," the jury must find, 'in addition to the above, the value of the chattels, (assuming that they are still detained,) not in a gross sum, but each separate article; for tho defendant, perhaps, will restore some, in which case the plaintiff is to recover the value of the remainder. Ham. N. P. 489; Fitz. N. B. 159, b; 5 Serg. & Rawle, 130.
Judgment, () For the defendant. 1. If the replevin be abated, the judgment is, that the writ or plaint abate, and that the defendant (having avowed) have a return of the chattels.
Judgment, () When the plaintiff is nonsuited) the judgment for the defendant, at common law, is, that the chattels be restored to him, and this without his first assigning the purpose for which they were taken, because, by abandoning his suit, the plaintiff admits that he had no right to dispossess the defendant by prosecuting the replevin. The form of this judgment. is simply "to have a return," without adding the words "to hold irreplevisable." Ham. N. P. 490.
Judgment, () As to the form of judgments
in cases of nonsuit, under the 21 Hen. VIII. c. 19, and 17 Car. II. c. 7, see
Ham. N. P. 490, 491; 2 Ch. Plead. 161; 8 Wentw. Pl. 116; 5 Serg. & Rawle,
132; 1 Saund. 195, n. 3; 2 Saund. 286, n. 5. It is still in the defendant's
option in these cases, to take his judgment pro retorno habendo at common law.
5 Serg. & Rawle, 132; 1 Lev. 265; 3 T. R. 349.
Judgment, () When the avowant succeeds upon the merits of his case, the
common law judgment is, that he "have return irreplevisable," for it
is Apparent that he is by law entitled to keep possession of the goods. 5 Serg.
& Rawle, 135; Ham. N. P. 493; 1 Chit. Pl. 162. For the form of judgments in
favor of the avowant, under the last mentioned statutes, gee Ham. N. P. 494- 5.
Judgment, () Judgment of respondeat ouster. When there is an issue in law, arising on a dilatory plea, and it is decided in favor of the plaintiff, the judgment is only that the defendant answer over, which is called a judgment of respondeat ouster. The pleading is accordingly resumed, and the action proceeds. Steph. Pl. 126; see Bac. Abr. Pleas, N 4; 2 Arch. Pr. 3.
Judgment, () Judgment of retraxit, is one where, after appearance and before judgment, the, plaintiff enters upon the record that he "withdraws his suit;" in such case judgment is given against him. Steph. Pl. 130.
Judgment, () Judgment in an action on trespass, when for the plaintiff, is, that he recover the damages assessed by the jury, and the costs. For the defendant, that he recover the costs.
Judgment, () Judgment in action on the case for trover, when for the plaintiff, is, that he recover damages and costs. 1 Ch. Pl. 157, For the defendant, the judgment is, that he recover his costs.
Judgment, () Judgment of capiatur. At common law, on conviction, in a civil action, of a forcible wrong, alleged to have been committed vi et armis, &c., the defendant was obliged to pay a fine to the king, for the breach of the peace implied in the act, and a judgment of capiatur pro fine was rendered against him, under which he was liable to be arrested, and imprisoned till the fine was paid. But by the 5 W. & M. c. 12, the judgment of capiatur pro fine was abolished. Gould on Pl. Sec. 38, 82; Bac. Ab. Fines and Amercements, C 1; 1 Ld. Raym. 273, 4; Style, 346. See Judgment of misericordia,
Judgment, () Judgment of misericordia. At common law, the party to, a suit who did not prevail was punished for his unjust vexation, and therefore judgment was given against him, quod sit in misericordia pro falso clamore. Hence, when the plaintiff sued out a writ, the sheriff was obliged to take pledges of prosecution before he returned it, which when fines and amercements were considerable, were real and responsible persons, and answerable for those amercements; but now they are never levied, and the pledges are merely formal, namely, John Doe and Richard Roe. Bac. Ab. Fines, &c., C 1 1 Lord Ray. 273, 4.
Judgment, () In actions where the judgment was against the defendant, it was entered at common law, with a misericordia or a capiatur. With a misericordia in actions on contracts, with a capiatur in actions of trespass, or other forcible wrong, alleged to have been committed vi et armis. See Judgment of capiatur; Gould on Pl. c. 4, Sec. 38, 82, 83.
Judgment, () Judgment quod partitio fiat, is a judgment, in a writ of partition, that partition be made; this is not a final judgment. The final judgment is, quod partitio facta firma et stabilis in perpetuum teneatur. Co. Litt. 169; 2 Bl. Rep. 1159.
Judgment, () Judgment quod partes replacitent. The name of a judgment given when the court award a repleader.
Judgment, () When issue is joined on an immaterial point, or a point on which the court cannot give a judgment determining the right, they award a repleader or judgment quod partes replacitent. See Bac. Ab. Pleas, &c., M; 3 Heyw. 159; Peck's R. 325. See, generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.
Judgment, () ARREST OF, practice. This takes place when the court withhold judgment from the plaintiff on the ground that there is some error appearing on the face of the record, which vitiates the proceedings. In consequence of such error, on whatever part of the record it may arise, from the commencement of the suit to the time when the motion in arrest of judgment is made, the court are bound to arrest the judgment.
Judgment, () It is, however, only with respect to objections apparent on the record, that such motions can be made. They cannot, in general, be made in respect to formal objections. This was formerly otherwise, and judgments were constantly arrested for matters of mere form; 3 Bl. Corn. 407; 2 Reeves, 448; but this abuse has been long remedied by certain statutes passed at different periods, called the statutes of amendment and jeofails, by the effect of which, judgments, cannot, in general, now be arrested for any objection of form. Steph. Pl. 117; see 3 Bl. Com. 393; 21 Vin. Ab. 457; 1 Sell. Pr. 496.
Judicable (v. i.) Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon.
Judicative (a.) Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty.
Judicatory (a.) 司法的 Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals.
Judicatory (n.) 法庭；法院系統 A court of justice; a tribunal.
Judicatory (n.) Administration of justice.
Judicatory (n.) The system of law courts that administer justice and constitute the judicial branch of government [syn: {judiciary}, {judicature}, {judicatory}, {judicial system}].
Judicature (n.) 裁判，司法，裁判管轄 The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.
Judicature (n.) A court of justice; a judicatory.
Judicature (n.) The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court.
Judicature (n.) An assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business [syn: {court}, {tribunal}, {judicature}].
Judicature (n.) The system of law courts that administer justice and constitute the judicial branch of government [syn: {judiciary}, {judicature}, {judicatory}, {judicial system}].
Judicature (n.) The act of meting out justice according to the law [syn: {administration}, {judicature}].
Judicature (n.) The position of judge [syn: {judgeship}, {judicature}].
Judicial (a.) 法庭的，公正的，審判上的，司法的 Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale.
Judicial (a.) Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind.
Judicial (a.) Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See Executive.
Judicial (a.) Judicious.
Judicial (a.) Decreed by or proceeding from a court of justice; "a judicial decision".
Judicial (a.) Belonging or appropriate to the office of a judge; "judicial robes".
Judicial (a.) Relating to the administration of justice or the function of a judge; "judicial system" [syn: {judicial}, {juridical}, {juridic}].
Judicial (a.) Expressing careful judgment; "discriminative censure"; "a biography ...appreciative and yet judicial in purpose"-Tyler Dennett [syn: {discriminative}, {judicial}].
Judicially (adv.) 依據判決地；明斷地；公正地 In a judicial capacity or judicial manner.
Judicially (adv.) As ordered by a court.
Judicially (adv.) In a judicial manner; "judicially controlled process".
Judiciary (a.) 司法的；法官的；法庭的 Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding.
Judiciary (n.) 司法部；司法制度 [C]；（總稱）法官 [the S] [G] That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.
Judiciary (n.) Persons who administer justice [syn: {judiciary}, {bench}].
Judiciary (n.) The system of law courts that administer justice and constitute the judicial branch of government [syn: {judiciary}, {judicature}, {judicatory}, {judicial system}].
Judicious (a.) 頭腦精明的，賢明的，判斷正確的 Of or relating to a court; judicial.
Judicious (a.) Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.
Judicious (a.) Marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters; "judicious use of one's money"; "a wise decision" [syn: {judicious}, {wise}, {heady}].
Judiciously (adv.) 賢明地；明智地 In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.
Judiciously (adv.) In a judicious manner; "let's use these intelligence tests judiciously" [ant: {injudiciously}].
Judiciousness (n.) 賢明；明智 The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; sound judgment.
Judiciousness (n.) Good judgment [ant: {indiscreetness}, {injudiciousness}].
Judiciousness (n.) The trait of forming opinions by distinguishing and evaluating [syn: {judiciousness}, {sagacity}, {sagaciousness}].
Jug (n.) A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.
Jug (n.) A pitcher; a ewer.
Jug (n.) A prison; a jail; a lockup.
Jugged (imp. & p. p.) of Jug
Jugging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Jug
Jug (v. t.) （用罐）煮，燉，煨；【俚】監禁，關押 To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare.
Jug (v. t.) To commit to jail; to imprison.
Jug (v. i.) 模仿夜鶯叫 To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.
Jug (v. i.) To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and partridges.
Jug (n.) 水罐，甕，壺 [C]；一罐的容量；一壺的容量 [C] [（+of）]；【俚】監牢 [U] A large bottle with a narrow mouth.
Jug (n.) The quantity contained in a jug [syn: {jug}, {jugful}].
Jug (v.) Lock up or confine, in or as in a jail; "The suspects were imprisoned without trial"; "the murderer was incarcerated for the rest of his life" [syn: {imprison}, {incarcerate}, {lag}, {immure}, {put behind bars}, {jail}, {jug}, {gaol}, {put away}, {remand}].
Jug (v.) Stew in an earthenware jug; "jug the rabbit".
Jugal (a.) Relating to a yoke, or to marriage.
Jugal (a.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.
Jugata (n. pl.) The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by side or joined.
Jugated (a.) Coupled together.
Juge (n.) A judge.
Jugement (n.) Judgment.
Juger (n.) A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.
Jugger (n.) An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.
Jagannath, Jagannatha, Jaganatha, (prop. n. Also Juggernaut) (Hinduism) (n.) 駭人的毀滅力量；重型卡車 A particular form of Vishnu, or of Krishna, whose chief idol and worship are at Puri, in Orissa. The idol is considered to contain the bones of Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings. Formerly it was erroneously supposed that devotees allowed themselves to be crushed beneath the wheels of this car. It is now known that any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol is a pollution.
Juggernaut (n.) One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindus. See also Jagannath. [Written also Juggernnath, Jaganath, Jagannath, Jaganatha, Jagannatha, etc.]
Note: The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut (Jagannath) is at P[^u]ri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. The idol is considered to contain the bones of Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings. Formerly it was erroneously supposed that fanatical devotees threw themselves under the wheels of this car, to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god. It is now known that any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol is a pollution. As a result of this erroneous belief, however, the word juggernaut is now used principally in the figurative sense 2.
Juggernaut (n.) Any large, unstoppable force, power, or popular movement which defeats or destroys any person who gets in its way or attempts to stop it; as, for years the Notre Dame football team was an unstoppable juggernaut; after the early primaries, Johnson's campaign became a juggernaut, crushing all rivals.
Juggernaut (n.) A massive inexorable force that seems to crush everything in its way [syn: juggernaut, steamroller].
Juggernaut (n.) An avatar of Vishnu [syn: Jagannath, Jagannatha, Jagganath, Juggernaut].
Juggernaut (n.) A crude idol of Krishna.
Juggled (imp. & p. p.) of Juggle
Juggling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Juggle
Juggle (v. i.) To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure.
Juggle (v. i.) To practice artifice or imposture.
Juggle (v. t.) To deceive by trick or artifice.
Juggle (n.) A trick by sleight of hand.
Juggle (n.) An imposture; a deception.
Juggle (n.) A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split.
Juggler (n.) One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer.
Juggler (n.) A deceiver; a cheat.
Juggleress (n.) A female juggler.
Jugglery (n.) The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.
Jugglery (n.) Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.
Juggling (a.) Cheating; tricky.
Juggling (n.) Jugglery; underhand practice.
Juggs (n. pl.) See Jougs.
Juglandin (n.) An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.
Juglandine (n.) An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).
Juglans (n.) A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.
Juglone (n.) A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); -- called also nucin.
Jugular (a.) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein.
Jugular (a.) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen.
Jugular (a.) Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; -- said of certain fishes.
Jugular (a.) One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on each side of the neck; -- called also the jugular vein.
Jugular (a.) Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes (Jugulares).
Jugulated (imp. & p. p.) of Jugulate
Jugulating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Jugulate
Jugulate (v. t.) To cut the throat of.
Jugula (n. pl. ) of Jugulum
Jugulum (n.) The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the breast.
Juga (n. pl. ) of Jugum
Jugums (n. pl. ) of Jugum
Jugum (n.) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants.
Jugum (n.) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.
Juice (n.) The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.
Juice (v. t.) To moisten; to wet.
Juiceless (a.) Lacking juice; dry.
Juiciness (n.) The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.
Juicy (a.) A bounding with juice; succulent.
Juise (n.) Judgment; justice; sentence.
Jujube (n.) The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species of small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. jujuba, Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters.