Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter I - Page 73
Ironwork (n.) Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.
Ironwork (n.) Work made of iron (gratings or rails or railings etc); "the houses had much ornamental ironwork."
Iron works, () 鐵工廠 A furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.
Iron works () See under Iron, a.
Ironwort (n.) (Bot.) An herb of the Mint family (Sideritis), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of Galeopsis.
Irony (n.) 反語；冷嘲；諷刺 [U]；具有諷刺意味的事；出乎意料的結果；嘲諷的話 [C] [U] Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.
Irony (n.) A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.
Irony (a.) 鐵的；似鐵的；含鐵的 Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles; -- In this sense {iron} is the more common term. [R.] -- Woodward.
Irony (a.) Resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property.
Irony (n.) Witty language used to convey insults or scorn; "he used sarcasm to upset his opponent"; "irony is wasted on the stupid"; "Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own"-- Jonathan Swift [syn: {sarcasm}, {irony}, {satire}, {caustic remark}].
Irony (n.) Incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs; "the irony of Ireland's copying the nation she most hated."
Irony (n.) A trope that involves incongruity between what is expected and what occurs.
Irony, () Rhetoric. A term derived from the Greek, which signifies dissimulation. It is a refined species of ridicule, which, under the mask of honest simplicity or ignorance, exposes the faults and errors of others, by seeming to adopt or defend them.
Irony, () In libels, irony may convey imputations more effectually than direct assertion, and render the publication libelous. Hob. 215; Hawk. B. 1, c. 73, s. 4; 3 Chit. Cr. Law, 869, Bac. Ab. Libel, A 3.
Irony (n.) [ U ] (Opposite result) (C2) 具有諷刺意味的情況；出乎意料的情況；令人啼笑皆非的事情 A situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result.
// The irony (of it) is that the new tax system will burden those it was intended to help.
Irony (n.) [ U ] (Type of speech) (C2) 反語；諷刺 The use of words that are the opposite of what you mean, as a way of being funny.
// Her voice heavy with irony, Simone said, "We're so pleased you were able to stay so long." (= Her voice made it obvious they were not pleased.)
Compare: Sarcasm
Sarcasm (n.) [ U ] 諷刺，挖苦，嘲笑 The use of remarks that clearly mean the opposite of what they say, made in order to hurt someone's feelings or to criticize something in a humorous way.
// "You have been working hard," he said with heavy sarcasm, as he looked at the empty page. Idiom:
Sarcasm is the lowest form of wit (saying) 挖苦是最低級的幽默；挖苦乃刻薄之舉 Said to mean that sarcasm is unkind and not very funny.
Iroquois (n. sing. & pl.) A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.
Iroquois (n.) Any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution.
Iroquois (n.) A family of North American Indian languages spoken by the Iroquois [syn: Iroquoian, Iroquois, Iroquoian language].
Iroquois -- U.S. County in Illinois
Population (2000): 31334
Housing Units (2000): 13362
Land area (2000): 1116.427566 sq. miles (2891.534000 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 1.602792 sq. miles (4.151211 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1118.030358 sq. miles (2895.685211 sq. km)
Located within: Illinois (IL), FIPS 17
Location: 40.749055 N, 87.833796 W
Headwords:
Iroquois
Iroquois, IL
Iroquois County
Iroquois County, IL
Iroquois, IL -- U.S. village in Illinois
Population (2000): 207
Housing Units (2000): 94
Land area (2000): 0.598121 sq. miles (1.549127 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.598121 sq. miles (1.549127 sq. km)
FIPS code: 37712
Located within: Illinois (IL), FIPS 17
Location: 40.827880 N, 87.583591 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Iroquois, IL
Iroquois
Iroquois, SD -- U.S. city in South Dakota
Population (2000): 278
Housing Units (2000): 121
Land area (2000): 0.533636 sq. miles (1.382111 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.533636 sq. miles (1.382111 sq. km)
FIPS code: 32020
Located within: South Dakota (SD), FIPS 46
Location: 44.366437 N, 97.850095 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 57353
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Iroquois, SD
Iroquois
Irous (a.) Irascible; passionate. [Obs.] -- Chaucer. Irp
Irp (n.) Alt. of Irpe
Irpe (n.) A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body. [Obs.]
Smirks and irps and all affected humors. -- B. Jonson.
Irp (a.) Making irps. [Obs.] -- B. Jonson. irradiance
IRP, () I/O Request Packet (I/O).
Irradiance (n.) Alt. of Irradiancy.
Irradiancy (n.) 發光；照耀；光輝；【物】輻照度 The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.
Irradiancy (n.) That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy. -- Milton.
Irradiant (a.) 光輝的；燦爛的 Irradiating or illuminating; as, the irradiant moon. -- Boyse.
Irradiated (imp. & p. p.) of Irradiate
Irradiating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Irradiate
Irradiate (v. t.) 照耀；照亮；使生輝；啟發，啟迪；使明白；放射；擴散；送出 To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster.
Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. -- Sir W. Jones.
Irradiate (v. t.) To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. -- Bp. Bull.
Irradiate (v. t.) To animate by heat or light. -- Sir M. Hale.
Irradiate (v. t.) To radiate, shed, or diffuse.
A splendid fa[,c]ade, . . . irradiating hospitality. -- H. James.
Irradiate (v. t.) To expose to radiation of any kind, especially {ionizing radiation}; as, to sterilize food by irradiating it with gamma rays; one can cause mutations in bacteria by irradiating them with ultraviolet light.
Irradiate (v. i.) 發光；照耀；變得光輝燦爛 To emit rays; to shine.
Irradiate (a.) Illuminated; irradiated. -- Mason.
Irradiate (v.) Give spiritual insight to; in religion [syn: {enlighten}, {irradiate}].
Irradiate (v.) Cast rays of light upon.
Irradiate (v.) Expose to radiation; "irradiate food" [syn: {irradiate}, {ray}].
Irradiation (n.) 照耀；發光；光，光線；啟迪 Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated; as, irradiation of foods with X-rays can preserve their freshness by killing the bacteria that cause spoilage .
Irradiation (n.) Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy. -- Sir W. Scott.
Irradiation (n.) Fig.: Mental light or illumination.-- Sir M. Hale.
Irradiation (n.) (Opt.) The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.
Irradiation (n.) The condition of being exposed to radiation.
Irradiation (n.) A column of light (as from a beacon) [syn: {beam}, {beam of light}, {light beam}, {ray}, {ray of light}, {shaft}, {shaft of light}, {irradiation}].
Irradiation (n.) (Physiology) The spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex.
Irradiation (n.) The apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background.
Irradiation (n.) (Pavolvian conditioning) The elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulus.
Irradiation (n.) (Medicine) The treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance [syn: {radiotherapy}, {radiation therapy}, {radiation}, {actinotherapy}, {irradiation}].
Irradicate (v. t.) To root deeply. [R.]
Irrational (a.) Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals.
Irrational (a.) Not according to
reason; having no rational basis; clearly contrary to reason; easily
disproved by reasoning; absurd; -- of assertions and beliefs.
Hence, of actions: foolish; unreasonable.
It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it. -- I. Taylor.
Irrational (a.) (Math.) Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. See Surd.
Syn: Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless.
See Absurd.
Irrational (a.) Not consistent with or using reason; "irrational fears"; "irrational animals" [ant: rational].
Irrational (a.) Real but not expressible as the quotient of two integers; "irrational numbers" [ant: rational].
Irrational (n.) A real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number [syn: irrational number, irrational].
Irrationality (n.) The quality or state of being irrational ; absence of rationality. "Brutish irrationaliity." -- South.
Irrationality (n.) The state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding [syn: irrationality, unreason].
Irrationally (adv.) In an irrational manner. -- Boyle.
Irrationally (adv.) In an irrational manner; "they acted irrationally" [ant: rationally].
Irrationalness (n.) Irrationality.
Irrebuttable (a.) Incapable of being rebutted. -- Coleridge.
Irreceptive (a.) Not receiving; incapable of receiving.
Irreclaimable (a.) Incapable of being reclaimed. -- Addison. -- ir`re*claim"a*bly, adv.
Irreclaimable (a.) Insusceptible of reform; "vicious irreclaimable boys"; "irredeemable sinners" [syn: irreclaimable, irredeemable, unredeemable, unreformable].
Irrecognition (n.) A failure to recognize; absence of recognition. -- Lamb.
Irrecognizable (a.) Not recognizable ; unrecognizable. -- Carlyle.
Irreconcilability (n.) The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.
Irreconcilable (a.) Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.
Irreconcilable (a.) Impossible to reconcile; "irreconcilable differences" [syn: irreconcilable, unreconcilable] [ant: reconcilable].
Irreconcile (v. t.) To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect. [Obs.]
Irreconcilement (n.) The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement.
Irreconciliation (n.) Lack of reconciliation; disagreement.
Irrecordable (a.) Not fit or possible to be recorded.
Irrecoverable (a.) Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury.
That which is past is gone and irrecoverable. -- Bacon.
Syn: Irreparable; irretrievable; irremediable; unalterable; incurable; hopeless. -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*bly, adv.
Irrecoverable (a.) Incapable of being recovered or regained [syn: unrecoverable, irrecoverable] [ant: recoverable].
Irrecuperable (a.) Irrecoverable. -- Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly, adv.
Irrecured (a.) Incurable. [Obs.]
Irrecusable (a.) Not liable to exception or rejection. --Sir W. Hamilton.
Irredeemability (n.) The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.
Irredeemable (a.) Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder. -- Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness,
adv.
Irredeemable (a.) Insusceptible of reform; "vicious irreclaimable boys"; "irredeemable sinners" [syn: irreclaimable, irredeemable, unredeemable, unreformable].
Irredeemable (a.) (Of paper money) Not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder.
Irreducibility (n.) The state or quality of being irreducible.
Irreducible (a.) Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an irreducible hernia.
Irreducible (a.) (Math.) Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as, an irreducible formula.
Irreducible case (Alg.), a particular case in the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application. -- Ir`re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. -- -- Ir`re*du"ci*bly, adv.
Irreducible (a.) Incapable of being made smaller or simpler; "an irreducible minimum"; "an irreducible formula"; "an irreducible hernia" [ant: reducible].
Irreflection (n.) Lack of reflection.
Irreflective (a.) Not reflective. -- De Quincey.
Irreformable (a.) Incapable of being reformed; incorrigible. -- Joseph Cook.
Irrefragability (n.) The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted.
Irrefragable (a.) Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly, adv.
Syn: Incontrovertible; unanswerable; indisputable; unquestionable; incontestable; indubitable; undeniable; irrefutable.
Irrefrangibility (n.) The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.
Irrefrangible (a.) Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one medium to another. -- Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.
Irrefutable (a.) Incapable of being
refuted or disproved; indisputable. -- Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness, n.
-- Ir`re*fut"a*bly, adv.
Irrefutable (a.) Impossible to deny or disprove;
"incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence";
"proof positive"; "an irrefutable argument" [syn:
incontrovertible, irrefutable, positive].
Irrefutable, () The opposite of refutable.
Irregardless (adv.) nonstandard : Regardless.
Irregardless (adv.) Regardless; a combination of irrespective and regardless sometimes used humorously.
Irregeneracy (n.) Unregeneracy.
Irregeneration (n.) An unregenerate state. [Obs.]
Irregular (a.) Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular conduct, etc. Cf. Regular.
Mazes intricate, Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular Then most when most irregular they seem. -- Milton.
Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight Against the irregular and wild Glendower. -- Shak.
A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many irregular meanders. -- Jones.
Syn: Immethodical; unsystematic; abnormal; unnatural; anomalous; erratic; devious; crooked; eccentric; unsettled; uneven; variable; changeable; mutable; desultory; disorderly; wild; immoderate; intemperate; inordinate; vicious.
Irregular (n.) One who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular service.
Irregular (a.) Contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice; "irregular hiring practices" [ant: regular].
Irregular (a.) Not occurring at expected times [syn: irregular, unpredictable].
Irregular (a.) (Used of the military) Not belonging to or engaged in by regular army forces; "irregular troops"; "irregular warfare" [ant: regular].
Irregular (a.) (Of solids) Not having clear dimensions that can be measured; volume must be determined with the principle of liquid displacement [ant: regular].
Irregular (a.) Falling below the manufacturer's standard; "irregular jeans."
Irregular (a.) Deviating from normal expectations; somewhat odd, strange, or abnormal; "these days large families are atypical"; "atypical clinical findings"; "atypical pneumonia"; "highly irregular behavior" [syn: atypical, irregular].
Irregular (a.) Lacking continuity or regularity; "an irregular worker"; "employed on a temporary basis" [syn: irregular, temporary].
Irregular (a.) (Of a surface or shape); Not level or flat or symmetrical; "walking was difficult on the irregular cobblestoned surface."
Irregular (a.) Independent in behavior or thought; "she led a somewhat irregular private life"; "maverick politicians" [syn: irregular, maverick, unorthodox].
Irregular (n.) A member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment [syn: guerrilla, guerilla, irregular, insurgent].
Irregular (n.) Merchandise that has imperfections; usually sold at a reduced price without the brand name [syn: irregular, second].
Irregular () That which is done contrary to the common rules of law; as, irregular process, which is that issued contrary to law and the common practice of the court. Vide Regular and. Irregular Process.
Irregularist (n.) One who is irregular. -- Baxter.
Irregularities (n. pl. ) of Irregularity.
Irregularity (n.) The state or quality of being irregular; that which is irregular.
Irregularly (adv.) 不規則地；不整齊地 In an irregular manner.
Irregularly (adv.) In an irregular manner; "the patient is breathing irregularly" [ant: {regularly}].
Irregularly (adv.) Having an irregular form; "irregularly shaped solids" [ant: {regularly}].
Irregularly (adv.) In an irregular manner; "her letters arrived irregularly" [syn: {irregularly}, {on an irregular basis}] [ant: {on a regular basis}, {regularly}].
Irregularly (adv.) In an irregular manner; "the stomach mucosa was irregularly blackened".
Irregulate (v. t.) To make irregular; to disorder. [Obs.] -- Sir T. Browne.
Irregulous (a.) Lawless. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Irrejectable (a.) That can not be rejected; irresistible. -- Boyle.
Irrelapsable (a.) Not liable to relapse; secure. -- Dr. H. More.
Irrelate (a.) Irrelative; unconnected.
Irrelation (n.) The quality or state of being irrelative; want of connection or relation.
Irrelative (a.) Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected. -- Ir*rel"a*tive*ly, adv.
Irrelative chords (Mus.), Those having no common tone.
Irrelative repetition (Biol.), The multiplication of parts that serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or connection. -- Owen.
Irrelavance (n.) Irrelevancy.
Irrelavancy (n.) The quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy of an argument.
Irrelavancy (n.) (pl. -cies) 無關係；離題；無關之事物 The lack of a relation of something to the matter at hand [syn: irrelevance, irrelevancy] [ant: relevance, relevancy].
Irrelavant (a.) Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments irrelevant to a case. -- Ir*rel"a*vant*ly, adv.
Irrelievable (a.) Not admitting relief; incurable; hopeless.
Irreligion (n.) The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety.
Irreligion (n.) The quality of not being devout [syn: irreligiousness, irreligion].
Irreligionist (n.) One who is irreligious.
Irreligionist (n.) Someone who is indifferent or hostile to religion.
Irreligious (a.) Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly. Cf. Impious.
Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and irreligious. -- South.
Irreligious (a.) Indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious speech.
Irreligious (a.) Hostile or indifferent to religion [ant: religious].
Irreligiously (adv.) In an irreligious manner.
Irreligiousness (n.) The state or quality of being irreligious; ungodliness.
Irreligiousness (n.) The quality of not being devout [syn: irreligiousness, irreligion].
Irremeable (a.) Admitting no return; as, an irremeable way. [Obs.] -- Dryden.
Irremediable (a.) 不治的；不能挽回的 Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an irremediable disease or evil.
Irremediable (a.) Impossible to remedy or correct or redress; "an irremediable error"; "irremediable defects of character" [ant: {remediable}].
Irremediableness (n.) [U] The state or quality of being irremediable.
Irremediably (adv.) 無法補救地；無可救藥地 In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction.
Irremissible (a.) Not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes. -- Burke. -- Ir`re*mis"si*ble, n. -- Ir`re*mis"si*bly, adv.
Irremission (n.) Refusal of pardon.
Irremissive (a.) Not remitting; unforgiving.
Irremittable (a.) Not capable of being remitted; irremissible. -- Holinshed.
Irremovability (n.) The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.
Irremovable
(a.) Not
removable; immovable; inflexible. -- Shak. -- Ir`re*mov"a*bly, adv.
Irremovable (a.) Incapable of being removed or away or
dismiss; "irremovable boulders"; "irremovable
obstacles" [ant: removable].
Irremoval (n.) Absence of removal.
Irremunerable (a.) Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration.