Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter I - Page 71
Involve (v. t.) [W] 使捲入，連累；牽涉 [（+in/ with）]；需要，包含，意味著 [（+in）] [+v-ing]；使專注，使忙於 [（+in）] (Math.) To raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity, into itself a given number of times; as, a quantity involved to the third or fourth power.
Syn: To imply; include; implicate; complicate; entangle; embarrass; overwhelm.
Usage: To Involve, Imply. Imply is opposed to express, or set forth; thus, an implied engagement is one fairly to be understood from the words used or the circumstances of the case, though not set forth in form. Involve goes beyond the mere interpretation of things into their necessary relations; and hence, if one thing involves another, it so contains it that the two must go together by an indissoluble connection. War, for example, involves wide spread misery and death; the premises of a syllogism involve the conclusion.
Involve (v.) Connect closely and often incriminatingly; "This new ruling affects your business" [syn: {involve}, {affect}, {regard}].
Involve (v.) Engage as a participant; "Don't involve me in your family affairs!".
Involve (v.) Have as a necessary feature; "This decision involves many changes" [syn: {imply}, {involve}].
Involve (v.) Require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This job asks a lot of patience and skill"; "This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"; "This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert"; "This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent" [syn: {necessitate}, {ask}, {postulate}, {need}, {require}, {take}, {involve}, {call for}, {demand}] [ant: {eliminate}, {obviate}, {rid of}].
Involve (v.) Contain as a part; "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses".
Involve (v.) Occupy or engage the interest of; "His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon".
Involve (v.) Make complex or intricate or complicated; "The situation was rather involved".
Involved (a.) (Zool.) Same as Involute.
Involved (a.) Connected by participation or association or use; "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved"; "the problems involved"; "the involved muscles"; "I don't want to get involved"; "everyone involved in the bribery case has been identified" [ant: uninvolved].
Involved (a.) Entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire; "the difficulties in which the question is involved"; "brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion" [syn: involved, mired].
Involved (a.) Emotionally involved.
Involved (a.) Highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; "the Byzantine tax structure"; "Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship"; "convoluted legal language"; "convoluted reasoning"; "the plot was too involved"; "a knotty problem"; "got his way by labyrinthine maneuvering"; "Oh, what a tangled web we weave"- Sir Walter Scott; "tortuous legal procedures"; "tortuous negotiations lasting for months" [syn: Byzantine, convoluted, involved, knotty, tangled, tortuous].
Involved (a.) Enveloped; "a castle involved in mist"; "the difficulties in which the question is involved".
Involvedness (n.) 捲入 The state of being involved.
Involvement (n.) 纏繞；連累 The act of involving, or the state of being involved.
Involvement (n.) [ C or U ] (B2) 參與 The act or process of taking part in something.
// The team's continued involvement in the competition is uncertain.
// Being on the committee is one involvement I could do without.
Involvement (n.) [ C or U ] 風流韻事或性關係 A romantic or sexual relationship.
// She spoke openly about her involvement with the former prime minister.
Invulgar (v. t.) To cause to become or appear vulgar. [Obs.] -- Daniel.
Invulgar (a.) Not vulgar; refined; elegant. [Obs.] -- Drayton.
Compare: Vulgar
Vulgar (a.) 粗俗的；下流的；粗魯的；通俗的；大眾的，庶民的 [B]；通俗語的；鄉土語的，方言的 Lacking sophistication or good taste.
‘A vulgar check suit.’
Vulgar (a.) Making explicit and offensive reference to sex or bodily functions; coarse and rude.
‘A vulgar joke.’
Vulgar (a.) [Dated] Characteristic of or belonging to ordinary people.
Vulgar (n.) 【古】庶民，平民百姓 [the S] Archaic. The common people.
Vulgar (n.) Obsolete. The vernacular.
Invulnerability (n.) 不會受傷害；刀槍不入 Quality or state of being invulnerable.
Invulnerability (n.) Having the strength to withstand attack [syn: invulnerability, impregnability].
Invulnerability (n.) The property of being invulnerable; the property of being incapable of being hurt (physically or emotionally) [ant: vulnerability].
Invulnerable (a.) 不會受傷害的；刀槍不入的 Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury.
Neither vainly hope To be invulnerable in those bright arms. -- Milton.
Invulnerable (a.) Unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced; as, an invulnerable argument.
Invulnerable (a.) Immune to attack; impregnable; "gunners raked the beach from invulnerable positions on the cliffs" [ant: {vulnerable}].
Invulnerableness (n.) 不會受傷害；刀槍不入 Invulnerability.
Invulnerate (a.) 不會受傷害的；刀槍不入的 Invulnerable.
Inwalled (imp. & p. p.) of Inwall
Inwalling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Inwall
Inwall (v. t.) 以牆圍之 To inclose or fortify as with a wall. -- Spenser.
Compare: Fortify
Fortify (v.) [With object] (v. t.) 築防禦工事於；築堡壘於；（在肉體，精神等方面）增強，加強；加固……的結構 (v. i.) 構築防禦工事；構築堡壘 Provide (a place) with defensive works as protection against attack.
‘The whole town was heavily fortified.’
Fortify (v.) [With object] Strengthen (someone) mentally or physically.
‘The girl was fortified by her religious faith.’
Fortify (v.) [With object] (Often as adjective F ortified) Add spirits to (wine) to make port, sherry, etc.
‘Fortified wine. (ph.) （加有白蘭地等的） 加度葡萄酒.’ Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, is added. [1] Many different styles of fortified wine have been developed, including Port, Sherry, Madeira, Marsala, Commandaria wine, and the aromatised wine Vermouth. [2]
Fortify (v.) [With object] Increase the nutritive value of (food) by adding vitamins.
Inwall (n.) 內牆 An inner wall; specifically (Metal.), the inner wall, or lining, of a blast furnace.
Inward (n.) 內部，裡面 [C]；【口】內臟；腸胃 [P] That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera. -- Jer. Taylor.
Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat. -- Milton.
Inward (n.) The mental faculties; -- usually pl. [Obs.]
Inward (n.) An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance. [Obs.] "I was an inward of his." -- Shak. Inward
Inward (adv.) Alt. of Inwards
Inwards (adv.) 向內；向中心；向家裡；向國內；Inward 的名詞複數 Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.
Inwards (adv.) Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward.
So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, Shine inward. -- Milton.
Inward (a.) 裡面的，內部的；體內的；內心的；精神上的；向內的，入內的；輸入的 Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward. -- Milton.
Inward (a.) Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. "Inward beauty." -- Shak.
Inward (a.) Intimate; domestic; private. [Obs.]
All my inward friends abhorred me. -- Job xix. 19.
He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life. -- Sir P. Sidney.
Inward (adv.) Toward the center or interior; "move the needle further inwards!" [syn: inward, inwards] [ant: outward, outwards].
Inward (adv.) To or toward the inside of; "come in"; "smash in the door" [syn: in, inwards, inward].
Inward (a.) Relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts; "a concern with inward reflections" [ant: outward].
Inward (a.) Directed or moving inward or toward a center; "the inbound train"; "inward flood of capital" [syn: inbound, inward].
Inwardly (adv.) 在內部；在內側；向內地；向中心地；在內心裡；精神上 In the inner parts; internally.
Let Benedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly. -- Shak.
Inwardly (adv.) Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly.
Inwardly (adv.) In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secret/y; as, he inwardly repines.
Inwardly (adv.) Intimately; thoroughly. [Obs.]
I shall desire to know him more inwardly. -- Beau. & Fl.
Inwardly (adv.) With respect to private feelings; "inwardly, she was raging" [syn: inwardly, inside] [ant: outwardly].
Inwardness (n.) 本質；真諦；靈性；精神；親密；密切 Internal or true state; essential nature; as, the inwardness of conduct.
Sense can not arrive to the inwardness Of things. -- Dr. H. More.
Inwardness (n.) Intimacy; familiarity. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Inwardness (n.) Heartiness; earnestness.
What was wanted was more inwardness, more feeling. -- M. Arnold.
Inwardness (n.) The choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story" [syn: kernel, substance, core, center, centre, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, marrow, meat, nub, pith, sum, nitty-gritty].
Inwardness (n.) Preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values; "the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness"; "inwardness is what an Englishman quite simply has, painlessly, as a birthright" [ant: outwardness].
Inwardness (n.) The quality or state of being inward or internal; "the inwardness of the body's organs" [ant: externality, outwardness].
Inwardness (n.) Preoccupation with what concerns human inner nature (especially ethical or ideological values); "Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness"- H.R.Finch [syn: inwardness, internality] [ant: outwardness].
Inwards (adv.) 向內；向中心；向家裡；向國內；inward的名詞複數 See Inward.
Inward (a.) 裡面的，內部的；體內的；內心的；精神上的；向內的，入內的；輸入的
Inward (n.) 內部，裡面 [C]；【口】內臟；腸胃[P] That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera. -- Jer. Taylor.
Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat. -- Milton.
Inward (n.) The mental faculties; -- usually pl. [Obs.]
Inward (n.) An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance. [Obs.] "I was an inward of his." -- Shak. Inward
Inward, Inwards (adv.) Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.
Inward, Inwards (adv.) Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward.
So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, Shine inward. -- Milton.
Inward (a.) Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward. -- Milton.
Inward (a.) Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. "Inward beauty." -- Shak.
Inward (a.) Intimate; domestic; private. [Obs.]
All my inward friends abhorred me. -- Job xix. 19.
He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life. -- Sir P. Sidney.
Inward (adv.) Toward the center or interior; "move the needle further inwards!" [syn: inward, inwards] [ant: outward, outwards].
Inward (adv.) To or toward the inside of; "come in"; "smash in the door" [syn: in, inwards, inward].
Inward (a.) Relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts; "a concern with inward reflections" [ant: outward].
Inward (a.) Directed or moving inward or toward a center; "the inbound train"; "inward flood of capital" [syn: inbound, inward].
Inweave (v. t.) To weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving; to interlace.
Inwheel (v. t.) To encircle.
Inwit (n.) Inward sense; mind; understanding; conscience.
Inwith (prep.) Within.
Inwork (v. t. & i.) To work in or within.
Itworn (p. a.) Worn, wrought, or stamped in.
Inwrap (v. t.) To cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; as, to inwrap in a cloak, in smoke, etc.
Inwrap (v. t.) To involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex.
Inwreathe (v. t.) To surround or encompass as with a wreath.
Inwrought (p. p. or a.) 織入的；刺繡的；嵌入的 Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures.
His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim. -- Milton.
Compare: Decorated
Decorated (a.) Having decorations. [Narrower terms: beaded, beady, bejeweled, bejewelled, bespangled, gemmed, jeweled, jewelled, sequined, spangled, spangly; bedaubed; bespectacled, monocled, spectacled; braided; brocaded, embossed, raised; buttony; carbuncled; champleve, cloisonne, enameled; crested, plumed having a decorative plume); crested, top-knotted, topknotted, tufted; crested; embellished, ornamented, ornate; embroidered; encircled, ringed, wreathed; fancied up, gussied, gussied up, tricked out; feathery, feathered, plumy; frilled, frilly, ruffled; fringed; gilt-edged; inflamed; inlaid; inwrought; laced; mosaic, tessellated; paneled, wainscoted; studded; tapestried; tasseled, tasselled; tufted; clinquant, tinseled, tinselly; tricked-out].
Also See: clothed, fancy. Antonym: unadorned.
Syn: adorned.
Inwrought (a.) Having a decorative pattern worked or woven in; "an inwrought design".
Compare: Decoration
Decoration (n.) [Mass noun ] 裝飾，裝潢 [U]；裝飾物，裝飾品 [C] [P1]；勛章；獎章 [C] The process or art of decorating something.
‘The lavish decoration of cloth with gilt.’
‘Interior decoration.’
Decoration (n.) [Mass noun ] Ornamentation.
‘Inside there was little decoration.’
Compare: Ornamentation
Ornamentation (n.) [Mass noun] 裝飾；（總稱）裝飾品 Decorative elements added to something to enhance its appearance.
‘A baroque chandelier with plasterwork ornamentation.’
Ornamentation (n.) [Mass noun] The action of decorating something or making it more elaborate.
‘The rhetorical ornamentation of text.’
Decoration (n.) [Mass noun ] [British] Paint or wallpaper applied when decorating a room.
‘An authority on English furniture and decoration.’
Decoration (n.) [Count noun ] A thing that serves as an ornament.
‘Christmas tree decorations.’
Decoration (n.) A medal or award conferred as an honour.
‘A decoration won on the field of battle.’
‘He was awarded the highest Australian decoration.’
Ios (n. pl. ) of Io
Io (n.) An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.
Iod- () See Iodo-.
Iodal (n.) An oily liquid, Cl3.CHO, analogous to chloral and bromal.
Iodate (n.) A salt of iodic acid.
Iodhydrin (n.) One of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous to the chlorhydrins.
Iodic (a.) to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid.
Iodide (n.) A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.
Iodine (n.) A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides. When isolated it is in the form of dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and emitting a chlorinelike odor. Symbol I. Atomic weight 126.5. If heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors.
Iodism (n.) A morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds, and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation, with a pustular eruption upon the skin.
Iodized (imp. & p. p.) of Iodize
Iodizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Iodize
Iodize (v. t.) To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to iodize a plate for photography.
Iodizer (n.) One who, or that which, iodizes.
Iodo- () Alt. of Iod-
Iod- () A prefix, or combining from, indicating iodine as an ingredient; as, iodoform.
Iodoform (n.) A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, CI3H, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores.
Iodoquinine (n.) A iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance,. It is the base of herapathite. See Herapathite.
Iodous (a.) Pertaining to, or containing, iodine. See -ous (chemical suffix).
Ioduret (n.) Iodide.
Iodyrite (n.) Silver iodide, a mineral of a yellowish color.
Iolite (n.) A silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue color and vitreous luster; cordierite. It is remarkable for its dichroism, and is also called dichroite.
Io moth () A large and handsome American moth (Hyperchiria Io), having a large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on the tail of a peacock. The larva is covered with prickly hairs, which sting like nettles.
- ion () A noun suffix denoting act, process, result of an act or a process, thing acted upon, state, or condition; as, revolution, the act or process of revolving; construction, the act or process of constructing; a thing constructed; dominion, territory ruled over; subjection, state of being subject; dejection; abstraction.
Ion (n.) One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. Anion, Cation.
Ionian (a.) Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic.
Ionian (n.) A native or citizen of Ionia.
Ionic (a.) Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians.
Ionic (a.) Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital.
Ionic (a.) Of or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions.
Ionic (n.) A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic.
Ionic (n.) A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet.
Ionic (n.) The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic.
Ionic (n.) Ionic type.
Ionidium (n.) A genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical America, some species of which are used as substitutes for ipecacuanha.
Ioqua shell (n.) The shell of a large Dentalium (D. pretiosum), formerly used as shell money, and for ornaments, by the Indians of the west coast of North America.
Iota (n.) 希臘語字母第九字；極微小 The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet ([iota]) corresponding with the English i.
Iota (n.) A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.
Iota (n.) A tiny or scarcely detectable amount [syn: {shred}, {scintilla}, {whit}, {iota}, {tittle}, {smidgen}, {smidgeon}, {smidgin}, {smidge}].
Iota (n.) The 9th letter of the Greek alphabet.
Iotacism (n.) 1.過多使用“i”字母〔希臘字母 iota〕。2.對其他母音加 [i] 音的傾向〔尤其希臘語如此〕。The frequent use of the sound of iota (that of English e in be), as among the modern Greeks; also, confusion from sounding [epsilon], [iota], [eta], [upsilon], [epsilon][iota], etc., like [iota]. -- Littr['e]
I O U () A paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly signed; -- in use in England as an acknowledgment of a debt, and taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a due bill.
Iowas (n. pl.) A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa.
Ipecac (n.) An abbreviation of Ipecacuanha, and in more frequent use.
Ipecacuanha (n.) The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb (Cephaelis Ipecacuanha), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac (Psychotria emetica), the white ipecac (Ionidium Ipecacuanha), the bastard or wild ipecac (Asclepias Curassavica), and the undulated ipecac (Richardsonia scabra).
Ipocras (n.) Hippocras.
Ipomoea (n.) A genus of twining plants with showy monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato, and the cypress vine.
Ipomoeic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of Ipomoea purga), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid.
Ir- () A form of the prefix in-. See In-.
Iracund (a.) Irascible; choleric.
Irade (n.) A decree of the Sultan.
Iran (n.) 伊朗 The native name of Persia.
Iranian (a.) 伊朗的；伊朗人（語）的 Of or pertaining to Iran.
Iranian (n.) 伊朗人；伊朗語 A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages.
Iranic (a.) Iranian.
Irascibility (n.) 易怒 The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness.
Irascibility (n.) A feeling of resentful anger [syn: irascibility, short temper, spleen, quick temper].
Irascible (a.) 易怒的；暴躁的 Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood. -- I*ras"ci*ble*ness, n. -- I*ras"ci*bly, adv.
Irascible (a.) Quickly aroused to anger; "a hotheaded commander" [syn: choleric, irascible, hotheaded, hot-tempered, quick-tempered, short-tempered].
Irascible (a.) Characterized by anger; "a choleric outburst"; "an irascible response" [syn: choleric, irascible].
Irate (a.) Angry; incensed; enraged.
Ire (n.) 憤怒 Anger; wrath.
Ire (n.) A strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance [syn: {anger}, {choler}, {ire}].
Ire (n.) Belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins) [syn: {wrath}, {anger}, {ire}, {ira}].
Ireful (a.) Full of ire; angry; wroth.