Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter I - Page 46
Initiation (n.) The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or introduced; as, initiation into a society, into business, literature, etc. "The initiation of courses of events." -- Pope.
Initiation (n.) The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.
Silence is the first thing that is taught us at our initiation into sacred mysteries. -- Broome.
Initiation (n.) A formal entry into an organization or position or office; "his initiation into the club"; "he was ordered to report for induction into the army"; "he gave a speech as part of his installation into the hall of fame" [syn: initiation, induction, installation].
Initiation (n.) The act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new; "she looked forward to her initiation as an adult"; "the foundation of a new scientific society" [syn: initiation, founding, foundation, institution, origination, creation, innovation, introduction, instauration].
Initiation (n.) Wisdom as evidenced by the possession of knowledge; "his knowledgeability impressed me"; "his dullness was due to lack of initiation" [syn: knowledgeability, knowledgeableness, initiation].
Initiation (n.) An act that sets in motion some course of events [syn: trigger, induction, initiation].
Initiative (a.) Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory; preliminary.
Initiative (n.) An introductory step or movement; an act which originates or begins.
The undeveloped initiatives of good things to come. -- I. Taylor.
Initiative (n.) The right or power to introduce a new measure or course of action, as in legislation; as, the initiative in respect to revenue bills is in the House of Representatives.
Initiative (n.) (Political Science) The right or procedure by which legislation may be introduced or enacted directly by the people, as in the Swiss Confederation and in many of the States of the United States; -- chiefly used with the. The procedure of the initiative is essentially as follows: Upon the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters the desired measure must be submitted to a popular vote, and upon receiving the required majority (commonly a majority of those voting on the measure submitted) it becomes a law. In some States of the United States the initiative is only local; in others it is state-wide and includes the making of constitutional amendments.
Initiative (n.) A character trait manifested in a readiness and ability to initiate action; an enterprising spirit; a go-getting attitude; energy; drive; get-up-and-go.
Initiative
(n.) in
interactive activities, such as conversation or games, the right or opportunity to set
the course of action; as, to have the initiative.
Initiative (a.) Serving to set in motion;
"the magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in
the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward a
treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress";
"the liner's maiden voyage" [syn: inaugural, initiative,
initiatory, first, maiden].
Initiative (n.) Readiness to embark on bold new ventures [syn: enterprise, enterprisingness, initiative, go-ahead].
Initiative (n.) The first of a series of actions [syn: first step, initiative, opening move, opening].
Initiative, () French law. The name given to the important prerogative given by the charte constitutionelle, art. 16, to the late king to propose through his ministers projects of laws. 1 Toull. n. 39. See Veto.
Initiative (n.) (New plan) (C1) [ C ] 倡議；新措施 A new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem.
// The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.
Initiative (n.) (Judgment) C1 [ U ] 主動性；自主決斷行事的能力 The ability to use your judgment to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do.
// Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.
// I shouldn't always have to tell you what to do, use your initiative (= use your own judgment to decide what to do)!
On your own initiative (ph.) 主動地 If you do something on your own initiative, you plan it and decide to do it yourself without anyone telling you what to do.
Initiative (n.) (Advantage) The initiative (C1) [ S ] 主動權 The power or opportunity to win an advantage.
// To seize/ take/ lose the initiative.
Initiator (n.) [L.] One who initiates.
Initiator (n.) A person who initiates a course of action [syn: instigator, initiator].
SCSI initiator
Initiator, () A device that begins a SCSI transaction by issuing a command to another device (the SCSI target), giving it a task to perform. Typically a SCSI host adapter is the initiator but targets may also become initiators.
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Initiatory (a.) Suitable for an introduction or beginning; introductory; prefatory; as, an initiatory step. -- Bp. Hall.
Initiatory (a.) Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary; rudimentary.
Some initiatory treatises in the law. -- Herbert.
Two initiatory rites of the same general import can not exist together. -- J. M. Mason.
Initiatory (n.) An introductory act or rite. [R.]
Initiatory (a.) Serving to set in motion; "the magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward a treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"; "the liner's maiden voyage" [syn: inaugural, initiative, initiatory, first, maiden].
Inition (n.) Initiation; beginning. [Obs.] -- Sir R. Naunton.
Injected (imp. & p. p.) of Inject.
Injecting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Inject.
Inject (v. t.) To throw in; to dart in; to force in; as, to inject cold water into a condenser; to inject a medicinal liquid into a cavity of the body; to inject morphine with a hypodermic syringe.
Inject (v. t.) Fig.: To throw; to offer; to propose; to instill.
C[ae]sar also, then hatching tyranny, injected the same scrupulous demurs. -- Milton.
Inject (v. t.) To cast or throw; -- with on. [R.]
And mound inject on mound. -- Pope.
Inject (v. t.) (Anat.) To fill (a vessel, cavity, or tissue) with a fluid or other substance; as, to inject the blood vessels.
Inject (v. t.) to add in; to insert; to interject; as, to inject a comment into the conversation; to inject humor into a tense situation.
Inject (v.) Give an injection to; "We injected the glucose into the patient's vein" [syn: inject, shoot].
Inject (v.) To introduce (a new aspect or element); "He injected new life into the performance".
Inject (v.) Force or drive (a fluid or gas) into by piercing; "inject hydrogen into the balloon" [syn: inject, shoot].
Inject (v.) Take by injection; "inject heroin".
Inject (v.) Feed intravenously.
Inject (v.) To insert between other elements; "She interjected clever remarks" [syn: interject, come in, interpose, put in, throw in, inject].
Injection (n.) The act of injecting or throwing in; -- applied particularly to the forcible throwing in of a liquid, or aeriform body, by means of a syringe, pump, etc.
Injection (n.) That which is injected; especially, a liquid medicine thrown into a cavity of the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster; an enema. -- Mayne.
Injection (n.) (Anat.) The act or process of filling vessels, cavities, or tissues with a fluid or other substance.
Injection (n.) (Anat.) A specimen prepared by injection.
Injection (n.) (Steam Eng.) The act of throwing cold water into a condenser to produce a vacuum.
Injection (n.) (Steam Eng.) The cold water thrown into a condenser.
Injection cock, or Injection valve (Steam Eng.), The cock or valve through which cold water is admitted into a condenser.
Injection condenser. See under Condenser.
Injection pipe, The pipe through which cold water is through into the condenser of a steam engine.
Fuel injection, A method of inserting fuel into internal-combustion engines by directly forcing the liquid fuel into the combustion chamber at an appropriate point in the piston cycle; in contrast to carburetion, in which an air-fuel mixture is drawn in by the downward stroke of the piston.
Injection (n.) The forceful insertion of a substance under pressure.
Injection (n.) Any solution that is injected (as into the skin) [syn: injection, injectant].
Injection (n.) The act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; "the nurse gave him a flu shot" [syn: injection, shot].
Injection, () A function, f : A -> B, is injective or one-one, or is an injection, if and only if for all a, b in A, f(a) = f(b) => a = b. I.e. no two different inputs give the same output (contrast many-to-one). This is sometimes called an embedding. Only injective functions have left inverses f' where f'(f(x)) = x, since if f were not an injection, there would be elements of B for which the value of f' was not unique. If an injective function is also a surjection then is it a bijection.
Injection, () An injection function is one which takes objects of type T and returns objects of type C(T) where C is some type constructor. An example is f x = (x, 0).
The opposite of an injection function is a projection function which extracts a component of a constructed object,
e.g. fst (x,y) = x.
We say that f injects its argument into the data type and fst projects it out.
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Injector (n.) One who, or that which, injects.
Injector (n.) (Mach.) A contrivance for forcing feed water into a steam boiler by the direct action of the steam upon the water. The water is driven into the boiler by the impulse of a jet of the steam which becomes condensed as soon as it strikes the stream of cold water it impels; -- also called Giffard's injector, from the inventor.
Fuel injector, A device for actively injecting fuel into an internal-combustion engines by directly forcing the liquid fuel into the combustion chamber at an appropriate point in the piston cycle; -- an alternative to a carburetor, in which an air-fuel mixture is drawn in by the downward stroke of the piston.
Injector (n.) A contrivance for injecting (e.g., water into the boiler of a steam engine or particles into an accelerator etc.)
Injelly (v. t.) To place in jelly. [R.]
Injera (n.) 因傑拉 A white leavened Ethiopian bread made from teff flour, similar to a crêpe.
Injoin (v. t.) [Obs.] See Enjoin.
Injoint (v. t.) To join; to unite. [R.] -- Shak.
Injoint (v. t.) To disjoint; to separate. [Obs.] -- Holland.
Injucundity (n.) Unpleasantness; disagreeableness. [Obs.] -- Cockeram.
Injudicable (a.) Not cognizable by a judge. [Obs.] -- Bailey.
Injudicial (a.) Not according to the forms of law; not judicial. [R.]
Injudicious (a.) Not judicious; wanting in sound judgment; undiscerning; indiscreet; unwise; as, an injudicious adviser.
An injudicious biographer who undertook to be his editor and the protector of his memory. -- A. Murphy.
Injudicious (a.) Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; as, an injudicious measure.
Syn: Indiscreet; inconsiderate; undiscerning; incautious; unwise; rash; hasty; imprudent.
Injudicious (a.) Lacking or showing lack of judgment or discretion; unwise; "an injudicious measure"; "the result of an injudicious decision".
Injudiciously (adv.) In an injudicious manner.
Injudiciously (adv.) In an injudicious manner; "these intelligence tests were used injudiciously for many years" [ant: judiciously].
Injudiciousness (n.) The quality of being injudicious; want of sound judgment; indiscretion. -- Whitlock.
Injudiciousness (n.) Lacking good judgment [syn: injudiciousness, indiscreetness] [ant: judiciousness].
Injudiciousness (n.) The trait of being injudicious [syn: indiscretion, injudiciousness].
Injunction (n.) [C] 命令；指令；訓諭 [+to-v]；【律】（法院的）禁止令；強制令 [（+against）] [+to-v] [+that] The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting.
Injunction (n.) That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command; a precept; a direction.
For still they knew, and ought to have still remembered, The high injunction, not to taste that fruit. -- Milton.
Necessary as the injunctions of lawful authority. -- South.
Injunction (n.) (Law) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, insome cases, under statutes, by a court of law,whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.
Note: It is more generally used as a preventive than as a restorative process, although by no means confined to the former. -- Wharton. -- Daniell. -- Story.
Injunction (n.) A formal command or admonition.
Injunction (n.) (Law) A judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; "injunction were formerly obtained by writ but now by a judicial order" [syn: injunction, enjoining, enjoinment, cease and desist order].
Injunction, () Remedies, chancery, practice. An injunction is a prohibitory writ, specially prayed for by a bill, in which the plaintiff's title is set forth, restraining a person from committing or doing an act (other than criminal acts) which appear to be against equity and conscience. Mitf. Pl. 124; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 126.
Injunction, () Injunctions are of two kinds, the one called the writ remedial, and the other the judicial writ.
Injunction, () The former kind of injunction, or remedial writ, is in the nature of a prohibition, directed to, and controlling, not the inferior court, but the party. It is granted, when a party is doing or is about to do an act against equity or good conscience, or litigious or vexatious; in these cases, the court will not leave the party to feel the mischief or inconvenience of the wrong, and look to the courts of common law for redress, but will interpose its authority to restrain such unjustifiable proceedings.
Injunction, () Remedial injunctions are of two kinds common or special. 1. It is common when it prays to stay proceedings at law, and will be granted, of course; as, upon an attachment for want of an appearance, or of an answer; or upon a dedimus obtained by the defendant to take his answer in the country; or upon his praying for time to answer, &c. Newl. Pr. 92; 13 Ves, 323. 2. A special injunction is obtained only on motion or petition, with notice to the other party, and is applied for, sometimes on affidavit before answer, but more frequently upon the merits disclosed in the defendant's answer. Injunctions before answer are granted in cases of waste and other injuries of so urgent a nature, that mischief would ensue if the plaintiff were to wait until the answer were put in; but the court will not grant an injunction during the pendency of a plea or demurrer to the bill, for until that be argued, it does not appear whether or not the court has jurisdiction of the cause. The injunction granted in this stage of the suit, is to continue till answer or further order; the injunction obtained upon the merits confessed in the answer, continues generally till the hearing of the cause.
Injunction, () An injunction is generally granted for the purpose of preventing a wrong, or preserving property in dispute pending a suit. Its effect, in general, is only in personam, that is, to attach and punish the party if disobedient in violating the injunction. Ed. Inj. 363; Harr. Ch. Pr. 552.
Injunction, () The principal injuries which may be prevented by injunction, relate to the person, to personal property, or to real property. These will be separately considered.
Injunction, () With respect to the person, the chancellor may prevent a breach of the peace, by requiring sureties of the peace. A court of chancery has also summary and extensive jurisdiction for the protection of the relative rights of persons, as between husband and wife, parent and child, and guardian and ward; and in these cases, on a proper state of facts, an injunction will be granted. For example, an injunction may be obtained by a parent to prevent the marriage of his infant son. 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 348; Ed. Inj. 297; 14 Ves. 206; 19 Ves. 282; 1 Chitty. Pr. 702.
Injunction, () Injunctions respecting personal property, are usually granted, 1st. To restrain a partner or agent from making or negotiating bills, notes or contracts, or doing other acts injurious to the partner or principal. 3 Ves. jr. 74; 3 Bro. C. C. 15; 2 Campb. 619; 1 Price, R. 503; 1 Mont. on Part. 93; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 160; Chit. Bills, 58, 61; 1 Hov. Supp. to Ves. jr. 335; Woodes. Lect. 416.
Injunction, () To restrain the negotiation of bills or notes obtained by fraud, or without consideration. 8 Price, R. 631; Chit. Bills, 31 to 41; Ed. Inj. 210; Blake's Ch. Pr. 838; 2 Anst. 519; 3 Anst. 851; 2 Ves. jr. 493; 1 Fonb. Eq. 43; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 154. 3d. To deliver up void or satisfied deeds. 1 V. & B. 244; 11 Ves. 535; 17 Ves. 111. 4th. To enter into and deliver a proper security. 1 Anst, 49. 5th. To prevent breaches of covenant or contract, and enjoin the performance of others. Ed. Inj. 308. 6th. To prevent a breach of confidence or good faith, or to prevent other loss as, for example, to restrain the disclosure of secrets, which came to the defendant's knowledge in the course of any confidential employment. 1 Sim. R. 483 and see 1 Jac. & W. 394. An injunction will be granted to prevent the publication of private letters without the authors consent. Curt. on Copyr. 90; 2 Atk. 342; Ambl. 137; 2 Swanst. 402, 427; 1 Ball & Beat. 207; 2 Ves. & B. 19; 1 Mart. Lo. R. 297; Bac. Ab. Injunction A. But the publication will be allowed when necessary to the defence of the character of the party who received them. 2 Ves. & B. 19. 7th. To prevent improper sales, payments, or conveyances. Chit. Eq. Dig. tit. Practice, xlvii. 8th. To prevent loss or inconvenience; this can be obtained on filing a bill quia timet. (q. v.) 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 218 to 225. 9th. To prevent waste of property by an executor or administrator. Ed. Inj. 300; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr.; 160, 224. 10th. To restrain the infringement of patents; Ed. Inj. ch. 12; 14 Ves. 130; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 137; or of copyrights; Ed. Inj. c. 13; 8 Ares. 225; 17 Ves. 424. 11th. To stay proceedings in a court of law. These proceedings will be stayed when justice cannot be done in consequence of accident; 1 John. Cas. 417: 4 John. Ch. R. 287,194; Latch, 24, 146, 148; 1 Vern. 180, 247; 1 Ch. C. 77, 120; 1 Eq. Cas. Ab. 92; or mistake; 1 John. Ch. R. 119, 607; 2 John. Ch. R. 585; 4 John. Ch. R. 85; Id. 144; 2 Munf. 187; 1 Day's Cas. Err. 139; 3 Ch. R. 55; Finch., 413; 2 Freem. 16; Fitzg. 118; or fraud. 1 John. Ch. R. 402; 2 John. Ch. R. 512; 4 John. Ch. R. 65. But no injunction will be granted to stay proceedings in a criminal case. 2 John. Ch. R. 387; 6 Mod. 12; 2 Ves. 396.
Injunction, () Injunctions respecting real property, may be obtained, 1st. To prevent wasteful trespasses or irreparable damages, although the owner may be entitled to retake possession, if he can do so, without a breach of the peace. 1 Chit. Pr. 722. 2d. To compel the performance of lawful works in the least, injurious manner. 1 Turn. & Myl. 181. 3d. To prevent waste. 3 Tho. Co. Litt. 241, M; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 138; Ed. Inj. ch. 8, 9, and 10; 1 John. Ch. R. 11; 2 Atk. 183. 4th. To prevent the creation of a nuisance, either private or public. 1. Private nuisance; for example, to restrain the owner of a house from making any erections or improvements, so as materially to darken or obstruct the ancient lights and windows of an adjoining house. 2 Russ. R. 121. 2. Public nuisances. Though usual to prosecute the parties who create nuisances, by indictment, yet, in some cases, an injunction may be had to prevent the creating of such nuisance. 5 Ves. 129; 1 Mad. Ch. 156; Ed. Inj. ch. 11.
Injunction, () An injunction of the second kind, called the judicial writ, issues subsequently to a decree. It is a direction to yield up, to quit, or to continue possession of lands, and is properly described as being in the nature of an execution. Ed. Inj. 2.
Injunction, () Injunctions are also divided into temporary and perpetual. 1. A temporary injunction is one which is granted until some stage of the suit shall be reached; as, until the defendant shall file his answer; until the bearing; and the like. 2. A perpetual injunction is one which is issued when, in the opinion of the court, at the hearing the plaintiff has established a case, which entitles him to an injunction; or when a bill, praying for an injunction, is taken pro confesso; in such cases a perpetual injunction will be decreed. Ed. Inj. 253.
Injunction, () The interdict (q. v.) of the Roman law resembles, in many respects, our injunction. It was used in three distinct, but cognate senses. 1. It was applied to signify the edicts made by the proctor, declaratory of his intention to give a remedy in certain cases, chiefly to preserve or to restore possession; this interdict was called edictal; edictale, quod praetoriis edictis proponitur, ut sciant omnes ea forma posse implorari. 2. It was used to signify his order or decree, applying the remedy in the given case before him, and then was called decretal; decretale, quod praetor re nata implorantibus decrevit. It is this which bears a strong resemblance to the injunction of a court of equity. 3. It was used, in the last place, to signify the very remedy sought in the suit commenced under the proctor's edict; and thus it became the denomination of the action itself. Livingston on the Batture case, 5, Am. Law Jour. 271; 2 Story, Eq. Jur. Sec. 865; Analyse des Pandectes de Pothier, h.t.; Dict. du Dig. h.t.; Clef des Lois Rom. h. t.; Heineccii, Elem. Pand. Ps. 6, Sec. 285, 28 Vide, generally, Eden on Injunctions; 1 Madd. Ch. Pr. 125 to 165; Blake's Ch. Pr. 330 to 344; 1 Chit. Pr. 701 to 731; Coop. Eq. Pl. Index, h. t.; Redesd. Pl. Index, h. t.; Smith's Ch. Pr. h. t.; 14 Vin. Ab. 442; 2 Hov. Supp. to Ves. jr. 173, 434, 442; Com. Dig. Chancery, D 8; Newl. Pr. o. 4, s. 7; Bouv. Inst. Index, h. t.
Injured (imp. & p. p.) of Injure.
Injuring (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Injure.
Injure (v. t.) To do harm to; to impair the excellence and value of; to hurt; to damage; -- used in a variety of senses; as:
Injure (v. t.) (a) To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health.
Injure (v. t.) (b) To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate.
Injure (v. t.) (c) To slander, tarnish, or impair, as reputation or character.
Injure (v. t.) (d) To impair or diminish, as happiness or virtue.
Injure (v. t.) (e) To give pain to, as the sensibilities or the feelings; to grieve; to annoy.
Injure (v. t.) (f) To impair, as the intellect or mind.
When have I injured thee? when done thee wrong? -- Shak.
Syn: To damage; mar; spoil; harm; sully; wrong; maltreat; abuse; insult; affront; dishonor.
Injure (v.) Cause injuries or bodily harm to [syn: injure, wound].
Injure (v.) Hurt the feelings of; "She hurt me when she did not include me among her guests"; "This remark really bruised my ego" [syn: hurt, wound, injure, bruise, offend, spite].
Injure (v.) Cause damage or affect negatively; "Our business was hurt by the new competition" [syn: hurt, injure].
Injurer (n.) One who injures or wrongs.
Injurie (n. pl. ) of Injuria.
Injuria (n.) [L.] (Law) Injury; invasion of another's rights.
Injurious (a.) Not just; wrongful;
iniquitous; culpable. [Obs.] -- Milton.
Till the injurious Roman did extort This tribute from us, we were
free. -- Shak.
Injurious (a.) Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental; mischievous; as, acts injurious to health, credit, reputation, property, etc.
Without being injurious to the memory of our English Pindar. -- Dryden.
Syn: Harmful; hurtful; pernicious; mischievous; baneful; deleterious; noxious; ruinous; detrimental.
Injurious (a.) Harmful to living things; "deleterious chemical additives" [syn: deleterious, hurtful, injurious].
Injuriously (adv.) In an injurious or hurtful manner; wrongfully; hurtfully; mischievously.
Injuriously (adv.) In an injurious manner.
Injuriousness (n.) The quality of being injurious or hurtful; harmfulness; injury.
Injuriousness (n.) Destructiveness that causes harm or injury [syn: harmfulness, injuriousness].
Injuries (n. pl. ) of Injury.
Injury (n.) [U] [C] [(+to)]（對人，動物的）傷害；（對健康的）損害； （精神上的）傷害；損人的事 Any damage or hurt done to a person or thing; detriment to, or violation of, the person, character, feelings, rights, property, or interests of an individual; that which injures, or occasions wrong, loss, damage, or detriment; harm; hurt; loss; mischief; wrong; evil; as, his health was impaired by a severe injury; slander is an injury to the character.
For he that doeth injury shall receive that that he did evil. -- Wyclif(Col. iii. 25).
Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments. -- I. Watts.
Riot ascends above their loftiest towers, And injury and outrage. -- Milton.
Note: Injury in morals and jurisprudence is the intentional doing of wrong. -- Fleming.
Syn: Harm; hurt; damage; loss; impairment; detriment; wrong; evil; injustice.
Injury (n.) Any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc. [syn: injury, hurt, harm, trauma].
Injury (n.) An accident that results in physical damage or hurt [syn: injury, accidental injury].
Injury (n.) A casualty to military personnel resulting from combat [syn: wound, injury, combat injury].
Injury (n.) An act that causes someone or something to receive physical Damage.
Injury (n.) Wrongdoing that violates another's rights and is unjustly inflicted.
Injury. () A wrong or tort. Injuries are divided into public and private; and they affect the. person, personal property, or real property.
Injury. () They affect the person absolutely or relatively. The absolute injuries are, threats and menaces, assaults, batteries, wounding, mayhems; injuries to health, by nuisances or medical malpractices. Those affecting reputation are, verbal slander, libels, and malicious prosecutions; and those affecting personal liberty are, false imprisonment and malicious prosecutions. The relative injuries are those which affect the rights of a husband; these are, abduction of the wife, or harboring her, adultery and battery those which affect the rights of a parent, as, abduction, seduction, or battery of a child; and of a master, seduction, harboring and battery of his apprentice or servant. Those which conflict with the rights of the inferior relation, namely, the wife, child, apprentice, or servant, are, withholding conjugal rights, maintenance, wages, &c.
Injury. () Injuries to personal property, are, the unlawful taking and detention thereof from the owner; and other injuries are, some damage affecting the same while in the claimant's possession, or that of a third person, or injuries to his reversionary interests.
Injury. () Injuries to real property are, ousters, trespasses nuisances, waste, subtraction of rent, disturbance of right of way, and the like.
Injury. () Injuries arise in three ways. 1. By nonfeasance, or the not doing what was a legal obligation, or. duty, or contract, to perform. 2. Misfeasance, or the performance, in an improper manner, of an act which it was either the party's duty, or his contract, to perform. 3. Malfeasance, or the unjust performance of some act which the party had no right, or which he had contracted not to do.
Injury. () The remedies are different, as the injury affects private individuals, or the public. 1. When the injuries affect a private right and a private individual, although often also affecting the public, there are three descriptions of remedies: 1st. The preventive, such as defence, resistance, recaption, abatement of nuisance, surety of the peace, injunction, &c. 2d. Remedies for compensation, which may be by arbitration, suit, action, or summary proceedings before a justice of the peace. 3d. Proceedings for punishment, as by indictment, or summary Proceedings before a justice. 2. When the injury is such as to affect the public, it becomes a crime, misdemeanor, or offence, and the party may be punished by indictment or summary conviction, for the public injury; and by civil action at the suit of the party, for the private wrong. But in cases of felony, the remedy by action for the private injury is generally suspended until the party particularly injured has fulfilled his duty to the public by prosecuting the offender for the public crime; and in cases of homicide the remedy is merged in the felony. 1 Chit. Pr. 10; Ayl. Pand. 592. See 1 Miles' Rep. 316, 17; and article Civil Remedy.
Injury. () There are many injuries for which the law affords no remedy. In general, it interferes only when there has been a visible bodily injury inflicted by force or poison, while it leaves almost totally unprotected the whole class of the most malignant mental injuries and sufferings unless in a few cases, where, by descending to a fiction, it sordidly supposes some pecuniary loss, and sometimes, under a mask, and contrary to its own legal principles, affords compensation to wounded feelings. A parent, for example, cannot sue, in that character, for an injury inflicted on his child and when his own domestic happiness has been destroyed, unless the fact will sustain the allegation that the daughter was the servant of her father, and that, by, reason of such seduction, he lost the benefit of her services. Another instance may be mentioned: A party cannot recover damages for verbal slander in many cases; as, when the facts published are true, for the defendant would justify and the party injured must fail. A case of this kind, remarkably bard, occurred in England. A young nobleman had seduced a young woman, who, after living with him some time, became sensible of the impropriety of her conduct. She left him secretly, and removed to an obscure place in the kingdom, where she obtained a situation, and became highly respected in consequence of her good conduct she was even promoted to a better and more public employment when she was unfortunately discovered by her seducer. He made proposals to her to renew their illicit intercourse, which were rejected; in order to, force her to accept them, he published the history of her early life, and she was discharged from her employment, and lost the good opinion of those on whom she depended for her livelihood. For this outrage the culprit could not be made answerable, civilly or criminally. Nor will the law punish criminally the author of verbal slander, imputing even the most infamous crimes, unless done with intent to extort a chattel, money, or valuable thing. The law presumes, perhaps unnaturally enough, that a man is incapable of being alarmed or affected by such injuries to his feelings. Vide 1 Chit. Med. Jur. 320. See, generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h. t.
Injury, () Civil law, In the technical sense of the term it is a delict committed in contempt, or outrage of any one, whereby his body, his dignity, or his reputation, is. maliciously injured. Voet, Com. ad Pand. lib. 47, t. 10, n. 1.
Injury, () Injuries may be divided into two classes, With reference to the means used by the wrong doer, namely, by words and by acts. The first are called verbal injuries, the latter real.
Injury, () A verbal injury, when directed against a private person, consists in the uttering contumelious words, which tend to expose his character, by making him little or ridiculous. Where the offensive words are uttered in the beat of a dispute, and spoken to the person's face, the law does not presume any malicious intention in the utterer, whose resentment generally subsides with his passion;, and yet, even in that case, the truth of the injurious words seldom absolves entirely from punishment. Where the injurious expressions have a tendency to blacken one's moral character, or fix some particular guilt upon him, and are deliberately repeated in different companies, or banded about in whispers to confidants, it then
grows up to the crime of slander, agreeably to the distinction of the Roman law, 1. 15, Sec. 12, de injur.
Injury, () A reat injury is inflicted by any fact by which a person's honor or dignity is affected; as striking one with a cane, or even aiming a blow without striking; spitting in one's face; assuming a coat of arms, or any other mark of distinction proper to another, &c. The composing and publish in defamatory libels maybe reckoned of this kind. Ersk. Pr. L. Scot. 4, 4, 45.
Injury, (n.) An offense next in degree of enormity to a slight.
Injustice (n.) 不公平，不講道義 Lack of justice and equity; violation of the rights of another or others; iniquity; wrong; unfairness; imposition.
If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance, much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and injustice. -- Burke.
Injustice (n.) An unjust act or deed; a sin; a crime; a wrong.
Cunning men can be guilty of a thousand injustices without being discovered, or at least without being punished. -- Swift.
Injustice (n.) An unjust act [syn: injustice, unfairness, iniquity, shabbiness].
Injustice (n.) The practice of being unjust or unfair [syn: injustice, unjustness] [ant: justice, justness].
Injustice (n.) A burden which of all those that we load upon others and carry ourselves is lightest in the hands and heaviest upon the back.
Inc (n.) A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards. [Written also ink.]
Ink (n.) (Mach.) The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone spindle runs.
Ink (n.) A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds (commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing.
Make there a prick with ink. -- Chaucer.
Deformed monsters, foul and black as ink. -- Spenser.
Ink (n.) A pigment. See India ink, under India.
Note: Ordinarily, black ink is made from nutgalls and a solution of some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter, is added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. Blue ink is usually a solution of Prussian blue. Red ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal), Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue, violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. Indelible ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are also used. Sympathetic inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt, etc. See Sympathetic ink (below).
Copying ink, A peculiar ink used for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken.
Ink bag (Zool.), An ink sac.
Ink berry. (Bot.) (a) A shrub of the Holly family ({Ilex glabra), found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida, and producing a small black berry.
Ink berry. (Bot.) (b) The West Indian indigo berry. See Indigo.
Ink plant (Bot.), A New Zealand shrub ({Coriaria thymifolia), the berries of which yield a juice which forms an ink.
Ink powder, A powder from which ink is made by solution.
Ink sac (Zool.), An organ, found in most cephalopods, containing an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these animals to escape from their enemies. See Illust. of Dibranchiata.
Printer's ink, or Printing ink. See under Printing.
Sympathetic ink, A writing fluid of such a nature that what is written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the characters makes it visible.
Inked (imp. & p. p.) of Ink.
Inking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Ink.
Ink (v. t.) To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink.
Ink (n.) A liquid used for printing or writing or drawing.
Ink (n.) Dark protective fluid ejected into the water by cuttlefish and other cephalopods.
Ink (v.) Append one's signature to; "They inked the contract."
Ink (v.) Mark, coat, cover, or stain with ink; "he inked his finger."
Ink (v.) Fill with ink; "ink a pen."
INK, (n.) A villainous compound of tannogallate of iron, gum-arabic and water, chiefly used to facilitate the infection of idiocy and promote intellectual crime. The properties of ink are peculiar and contradictory: it may be used to make reputations and unmake them; to blacken them and to make them white; but it is most generally and acceptably employed as a mortar to bind together the stones of an edifice of fame, and as a whitewash to conceal afterward the rascal quality of the material. There are men called journalists who have established ink baths which some persons pay money to get into, others to get out of. Not infrequently it occurs that a person who has paid to get in pays twice as much to get out.
Inker (n.) One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad or roller which inks the type.
Inkfish (n.) A cuttlefish. See Cuttlefish.
Inkhorn (n.) （舊時用牛角等製的）墨水瓶 A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials. "With a writer's inkhorn by his side." -- Ezek. ix. 2.
From his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn. -- Longfellow.
Inkhorn (a.) 學究氣的；賣弄學問的 Learned; pedantic; affected. [Obs.] "Inkhorn terms." -- Bale.
Compare: Pedantic
Pedantic (a.) 賣弄學問的；學究式的，迂腐的 Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overscrupulous.
‘His analyses are careful and even painstaking, but never pedantic.’
Compare: Painstaking
Painstaking (a.) 勤勉的，刻苦的，不辭辛勞的；十分小心的；仔細的；煞費苦心的 Done with or employing great care and thoroughness.
‘Painstaking attention to detail.’
‘He is a gentle, painstaking man.’
Painstaking (a.) Taking or characterized by taking pains or trouble; expending or showing diligent care and effort; careful.
// A painstaking craftsman; painstaking research.
Compare: Craftsman
Craftsman (n.) (pl. - men) 工匠；技工；巧匠；工藝師 [C] A worker skilled in a particular craft.
‘The tiles are handmade by trained craftsmen.’
‘Those craftsmen of post-war fiction.’
Craftsman (n.) (Usually as title) (In the UK) A qualified private soldier in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
‘Craftsman Browne.’
Painstaking (n.) 勤勉，刻苦；煞費苦心 Careful and diligent effort.
Painstaking (a.) Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive. "Painstaking men." -- Harris.
Painstaking (n.) The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance. -- Beau. & Fl.
Painstaking (a.) Characterized by extreme care and great effort; "conscientious application to the work at hand"; "painstaking research"; "scrupulous attention to details" [syn: conscientious, painstaking, scrupulous].
Inkhorn (n.) The Hebrew word so rendered means simply a round vessel or cup for containing ink, which was generally worn by writers in the girdle (Ezek. 9:2, 3,11). The word "inkhorn" was used by the translators, because in former times in this country horns were used for containing ink.
Inkhornism (n.) Pedantry. -- Sir T. Wilson.
Inkiness (n.) The state or quality of being inky; blackness.
Inkiness (n.) The quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white) [syn: black, blackness, inkiness] [ant: white, whiteness].
Inking (a.) Supplying or covering with ink.
Inking roller, a somewhat elastic roller, used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates, etc.
Inking trough or Inking table, A trough or table from which the inking roller receives its ink.
Inkle (n.) A kind of tape or braid. -- Shak.
Inkle (v. t.) To guess. [Prov. Eng.] "She inkled what it was." -- R. D. Blackmore.
Inkle (n.) A linen tape used for trimming as a decoration.
Inkling (n.) A hint; an intimation.
The least inkling or glimpse of this island. -- Bacon.
They had some inkling of secret messages. -- Clarendon.
Inkling (n.) A slight suggestion or vague understanding; "he had no inkling what was about to happen" [syn: inkling, intimation, glimmering, glimmer].
Inknee (n.) Same as Knock-knee.
Inkneed (a.) See Knock-kneed.
Inknot (v. t.) To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together. -- Fuller.
Inkstand (n.) 墨水瓶架 A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a device for holding ink and writing materials.
Inkstand (n.) A small well holding writing ink into which a pen can be dipped [syn: inkwell, inkstand].
Inkstand (n.) A tray or stand for writing implements and containers for ink.
Inkstone (n.) A kind of stone containing native vitriol or subphate of iron, used in making ink.
Inky (a.) Consisting of, or resembling, ink; soiled with ink; black. "Inky blots." -- Shak. "Its inky blackness." -- Boyle.
Inky (a.) Of the color of black ink [syn: ink-black, inky, inky-black].
Inlaced (imp. & p. p.) of Inlace.
Inlacing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Inlace.
Inlace (v. t.) To work in, as lace; to embellish with work resembling lace; also, to lace or enlace. -- P. Fletcher.
Inlagation (n.) (Old Eng. Law) The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law; inlawing. -- Bouvier.
Inlagation. () The restitution of one outlawed to the protection of the law. Bract. lib. 2, c. 14.
Inlaid (p. p.) of Inlay.
Compare: Decorated
Decorated (a.) 裝飾的；修飾的 Having decorations. [Narrower terms: beaded, beady, bejeweled, bejewelled, bespangled, gemmed, jeweled, jewelled, sequined, spangled, spangly; bedaubed; bespectacled, monocled, spectacled; braided; brocaded, embossed, raised; buttony; carbuncled; champleve, cloisonne, enameled; crested, plumed having a decorative plume); crested, top-knotted, topknotted, tufted; crested; embellished, ornamented, ornate; embroidered; encircled, ringed, wreathed; fancied up, gussied, gussied up, tricked out; feathery, feathered, plumy; frilled, frilly, ruffled; fringed; gilt-edged; inflamed; inlaid; inwrought; laced; mosaic, tessellated; paneled, wainscoted; studded; tapestried; tasseled, tasselled; tufted; clinquant, tinseled, tinselly; tricked-out] Also See: clothed, fancy. Antonym: unadorned.
Syn: adorned.
Inlaid (a.) 鑲嵌的；鑲飾的，嵌花樣的 [Z] [（+in/ into/ with）] Adorned by inlays.
Inland (a.) [Z] 內地的，內陸的；【英】國內的 Within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior; as, an inland town. "This wide inland sea." -- Spenser.
From inland regions to the distant main. -- Cowper.
Inland (a.) Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; as, inland transportation, commerce, navigation, etc.
Inland (a.) Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreing; as, an inland bill of exchange. See {Exchange}.
Inland (n.) 內地，內陸 [U] The interior part of a country. -- Shak.
Inland (adv.) 在內地，在內陸；向內地，向內陸 Into, or towards, the interior, away from the coast. -- Cook.
The greatest waves of population have rolled inland from the east. -- S. Turner.
Inland (adv.) Towards or into the interior of a region; "the town is five miles inland".
Inland (a.) Situated away from an area's coast or border [ant: {coastal}].
Inlander (n.) One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance from the sea. -- Sir T. Browne.
Inlandish (a.) Inland. [Obs.] -- T. Reeve (1657)
Inlapidate (v. t.) To convert into a stony substance; to petrity. [R.] -- Bacon.
Inlard (v. t.) See Enlard.
Inlaw (v. t.) (Old Eng. Law) To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the protection of the law. -- Burrill.
In-law (n.) A person who is related by marriage, as distinguished from a blood relative; esp. mother-in-law (the mother of one's spouse), father-in-law (the father of one's spouse), brother-in-law (the brother of one's spouse, or husband of one's spouse's sister), sister-in-law (the sister of one's spouse, or wife of one's spouse's brother).
-in-law (suff.) A suffix meaning through marriage. See in-law.
Inlaied (imp. & p. p.) of Inlay.
Inlaying (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Inlay.
Inlay (v. t.) 把……鑲入，把……嵌入 To lay within; hence, to insert, as pieces of pearl, iviry, choice woods, or the like, in a groundwork of some other material; to form an ornamental surface; to diversify or adorn with insertions.
Look, how the floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold. -- Shak.
But these things are . . . borrowed by the monks to inlay their story. -- Milton.
Inlay (n.) Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for inlaying; that which is inserted or inlaid for ornament or variety ; as, ornamented with ivory inlay.
Crocus and hyacinth with rich inlay Broidered the ground. -- Milton.
The sloping of the moonlit sward Was damask work, and deep inlay Of braided blooms. -- Tennyson.
Inlay (n.) (Dentistry) A filling consisting of a solid substance (as gold or porcelain) fitted to a cavity in a tooth and cemented into place.
Inlay (n.) A decoration made by fitting pieces of wood into prepared slots in a surface.
Inlay (v.) Decorate the surface of by inserting wood, stone, and metal.
Inlayer (n.) One who inlays, or whose occupation it is to inlay.
Inleagued (imp. & p. p.) of Inleague.
Inleaguing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Inleague.
Inleague (v. t.) To ally, or form an alliance witgh; to unite; to combine.
With a willingness inleague our blood With his, for purchase of full growth in friendship. -- Ford.
Inleaguer (v. t.) To beleaguer. -- Holland.
Inlet (n.) 進口，入口；水灣；小灣；小港；插入物；鑲嵌物 A passage by which an inclosed place may be entered; a place of ingress; entrance ; especially, a narrow waterway leading into a harbor.
Doors and windows, inlets of men and of light. -- Sir H. Wotton.
Inlet (n.) A bay or recess,as in the shore of a sea, lake, or large river; a narrow strip of water running into the land or between islands.