Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter G - Page 38
Grallatorial (a.) Alt. of Grallatory.
Grallatory (a.) (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.
Grallic (a.) (Zool.) Pertaining to the Grallae.
Gralline (a.) (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the Grallae.
Gralloch (n.) Offal of a deer.
Gralloch (v. t.) To remove the offal from (a deer).
-gram () A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.
Gram (a.) Angry. [Obs.] -- Havelok, the Dane.
Gram (n.) (Bot.) The East Indian name of the chick-pea ({Cicer arietinum}) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food. Gram.
Gram (n.) Alt. of Gramme.
Gramme (n.) The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See {Grain}, n., 4.
{Gram degree}, or {Gramme degree} (Physics), A unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade.
{Gram equivalent} (Electrolysis), That quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.
Compare: Mung
Mung (n.) (Bot.) Green gram, a kind of legume (pulse) ({Vigna radiata} syn. {Phaseolus aureus}, syn. {Phaseolus Mungo}), grown for food in British India; called also {gram}, {mung bean}, {Chinese mung bean}, and {green-seeded mung bean}. It is an erect, bushy annual producing edible green or yellow seeds, and edible pods and young sprouts. --Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Gram (n.) A metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram [syn: {gram}, {gramme}, {gm}, {g}].
Gram (n.) Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938) [syn: {Gram}, {Hans C. J. Gram}].
GRAM, () An extension of BNF used by the SIS compiler generator. ["SIS - Semantics Implementation System", P.D. Mosses, TR DAIMI MD-30, Aarhus U, Denmark].
(1995-01-23)
Grama grass (n.) (Bot.) The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.
Compare: Mesquite
Mesquite, Mesquit (n.) (Bot.) Any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the southwestern part of North America belonging to the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large sugar-rich pods, especially the honey mesquite, and screw-pod mesquite.
Honey mesquite. See Algaroba (b) .
Screw-pod+mesquite, () +A+smaller+tree+({Prosopis+pubescens">Screw-pod mesquite, a smaller tree ({Prosopis pubescens), having spiral pods used as fodder and sometimes as food by the Indians.
Mesquite grass, () A rich native grass in Western Texas ({Bouteloua oligostachya, and other species); -- so called from its growing in company with the mesquite tree; -- called also muskit grass, grama grass.
Grama grass (n.) Pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America [syn: grama, grama grass, gramma, gramma grass].
Compare: Bouteloua
Bouteloua (n.) 格蘭馬草屬（學名：Bouteloua）是禾本科下的一個屬，為多年生（有時一年生）草本植物。該屬共有約40種，分布於美洲。[1]
Is a genus of plants in the grass family. [3] [4] Members of the genus are commonly known as grama grass. [5]
The genus was named for Claudio and Esteban Boutelou, 19th-century Spanish botanists. [6] [7]
Bouteloua oligostachya (n.) Grama grass [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.
Gramarye (n.) Necromancy; magic. -- Sir W. Scott.
Gramashes (n. pl.) Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth. -- Sir W. Scott.
Grame (a.) Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Grame (a.) Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Gramercy (interj.) 【古】不勝感激；（表示驚訝）老天！A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. -- Spenser.
Graminaceous (a.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.
Gramineal (a.) Gramineous.
Gramineous (a.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.
Graminifolious (a.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.
Graminivorous (a.) Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.
Grammalogue (n.) Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman.
Grammar (n.) 文法 [U]；文法書 [C]；（符合文法規則的）文理，措辭 [U] The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.
Note: The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. -- Bain.
Grammar (n.) The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.
The original bad grammar and bad spelling. -- Macaulay.
Grammar (n.) A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.
Grammar (n.) Treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography.
Comparative grammar, The science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms.
Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.
When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University. -- Mass. Records (1647).
Grammar school. (b) In the American system of graded common schools, at one time the term referred to an intermediate school between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar were taught; now, it is synonymous with primary school or elementary school, being the first school at which children are taught subjects required by the state educational laws. In different communities, the grammar school (primary school) may have grades 1 to 4, 1 to 6, or 1 to 8, usually together with a kindergarten. Schools between the primary school and high school are now commonly termed middle school or intermediate school.
Grammar (v. i.) To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. [Obs.] -- Beau. & Fl.
Grammar (n.) The branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics).
Grammar, () A formal definition of the syntactic structure (the syntax) of a language.
A grammar is normally represented as a set of production rules which specify the order of constituents and their sub-constituents in a sentence (a well-formed string in the language). Each rule has a left-hand side symbol naming a syntactic category (e.g. "noun-phrase" for a natural language grammar) and a right-hand side which is a sequence of zero or more symbols. Each symbol may be either a terminal symbol or a non-terminal symbol. A terminal symbol corresponds to one "{lexeme" - a part of the sentence with no internal syntactic structure (e.g. an identifier or an operator in a computer language). A non-terminal symbol is the left-hand side of some rule.
One rule is normally designated as the top-level rule which gives the structure for a whole sentence.
A parser (a kind of recogniser) uses a grammar to parse a sentence, assigning a terminal syntactic category to each input token and a non-terminal category to each appropriate group of tokens, up to the level of the whole sentence. Parsing is usually preceded by lexical analysis. The opposite, generation, starts from the top-level rule and chooses one alternative production wherever there is a choice.
In computing, a formal grammar, e.g. in BNF, can be used to parse a linear input stream, such as the source code of a program, into a data structure that expresses the (or a) meaning of the input in a form that is easier for the computer to work with. A compiler compiler like yacc might be used to convert a grammar into code for the parser of a compiler. A grammar might also be used by a transducer, a translator or a syntax directed editor.
See also attribute grammar.
(2009-02-06)
Grammar, (n.) A system of pitfalls thoughtfully prepared for the feet for the self-made man, along the path by which he advances to distinction.
Grammar school (n.) [ C ] (in the UK,) （尤指舊時英國11到18歲學習優秀的學生上的）文法學校；（尤指舊時美國5到12或者5到14歲學生所上的）小學 A school for children aged between eleven and 18 who have passed an examination that shows they are good at studying.
Grammar school (n.) [ C ] (in the US,) （尤指舊時英國11到18歲學習優秀的學生上的）文法學校；（尤指舊時美國5到12或者5到14歲學生所上的）小學 An elementary school.
Grammarian (n.) 文法家 One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.
Note: "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." -- Brande & C.
Grammarian (n.) One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.
Grammarian (n.) A linguist who specializes in the study of grammar and syntax [syn: {grammarian}, {syntactician}].
Grammarianism (n.) The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.
Grammarless (a.) Without grammar.
Grammates (n. pl.) Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] -- Ford.
Grammatic (a.) Grammatical.
Grammatic (a.) Of or pertaining to grammar; "the grammatic structure of a sentence"; "grammatical rules"; "grammatical gender" [syn: {grammatical}, {grammatic}].
Grammatical (a.) Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.
Grammatical (a.) According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.
Grammatical (a.) 文法的；文法正確的；符合文法規則的 Relating to grammar or obeying the rules of grammer.
// A grammatical (= grammatically correct) sentence.
Grammaticaster (n.) 吹毛求疵的文法家 A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. -- B. Jonson.
Grammatication (n.) A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] -- Dalgarno.
Grammaticism (n.) A point or principle of grammar. -- Abp. Leighton.
Grammaticized (imp. & p. p.) of Grammaticize.
Grammaticizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Grammaticize.
Grammaticize (v. t.) To render grammatical. -- Fuller.
Grammatist (n.) A petty grammarian. [R.] -- Tooke.
Gramme (n.) Same as {Gram} the weight.
Gramme machine () A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme.
Grampuses (n. pl. ) of Grampus.
Grampus (n.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.
Grampus (n.) A kind of tongs used in a bloomery.
Granade (n.) Alt. of Granado.
Granado (n.) See Grenade.
Granadilla (n.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.
Granaries (n. pl. ) of Granary.
Granary (n.) A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.
Granate (n.) See Garnet.
Granatin (n.) Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.
Granatite (n.) See Staurolite.
Grand (a.) Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." -- Milton.
Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. -- Shak.
Grand (a.) Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception.
They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters of the grand style. -- M. Arnold.
Grand (a.) Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc.
Grand (a.) Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.
What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. -- Milton.
Grand action, A pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string.
Grand Army of the Republic, An organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country.
Grand paunch, A glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] -- Holland.
Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary.
Grand piano (Mus.), A large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument.
Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo.
Grand Seignior. See under Seignior.
Grand stand, The principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc.
Grand vicar (Eccl.), A principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France.
Grand vizier. See under Vizier.
Syn: Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble.
Usage: Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." -- Crabb.
Grand (a.) Of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope; "an expansive lifestyle"; "in the grand manner"; "collecting on a grand scale"; "heroic undertakings" [syn: expansive, grand, heroic].
Grand (a.) Of or befitting a lord; "heir to a lordly fortune"; "of august lineage" [syn: august, grand, lordly].
Grand (a.) Rich and superior in quality; "a princely sum"; "gilded dining rooms" [syn: deluxe, gilded, grand, luxurious, opulent, princely, sumptuous].
Grand (a.) Extraordinarily good or great ; used especially as intensifiers; "a fantastic trip to the Orient"; "the film was fantastic!"; "a howling success"; "a marvelous collection of rare books"; "had a rattling conversation about politics"; "a tremendous achievement" [syn: fantastic, grand, howling(a), marvelous, marvellous, rattling(a), terrific, tremendous, wonderful, wondrous].
Grand (a.) Of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style; "an exalted ideal"; "argue in terms of high-flown ideals"- Oliver Franks; "a noble and lofty concept"; "a grand purpose" [syn: exalted, elevated, sublime, grand, high-flown, high-minded, lofty, rarefied, rarified, idealistic, noble-minded].
Grand (a.) Large and impressive in physical size or extent; "the bridge is a grand structure".
Grand (a.) The most important and magnificent in adornment; "grand ballroom"; "grand staircase".
Grand (a.) Used of a person's appearance or behavior; befitting an eminent person; "his distinguished bearing"; "the monarch's imposing presence"; "she reigned in magisterial beauty" [syn: distinguished, grand, imposing, magisterial].
Grand (n.) The cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100 [syn: thousand, one thousand, 1000, M, K, chiliad, G, grand, thou, yard].
Grand (n.) A piano with the strings on a horizontal harp-shaped frame; usually supported by three legs [syn: grand piano, grand].
Grand. () An epithet frequently used to denote that the thing. to which it is joined is of more importance and dignity, than other things of the same name; as, grand assize, a writ in a real action to determine the right of property in land; grand cape, a writ used in England, on a plea of land, when the tenant makes default in appearance at the day given for the king to take the land into his hands; grand days, among the English lawyers, are those days in term which are solemnly kept in the inns of court and chancery, namely, Candlemas day, in Hilary term; Ascension day, in Easter term; and All Saint's day, in Michaelmas term; which days are dies non juridici. Grand distress is the name of a writ so called because of its extent, namely, to all. the goods and chattels of the party distrained within the county; this writ is believed to be peculiar to England. Grand Jury. (q. v.) Grand serjeantry, the name of an ancient English military tenure.
Grand -- U.S. County in Utah
Population (2000): 8485
Housing Units (2000): 4062
Land area (2000): 3681.560109 sq. miles (9535.196504 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 12.515689 sq. miles (32.415485 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 3694.075798 sq. miles (9567.611989 sq. km)
Located within: Utah (UT), FIPS 49
Location: 38.823392 N, 109.472540 W
Headwords:
Grand
Grand, UT
Grand County
Grand County, UT
Grand -- U.S. County in Colorado
Population (2000): 12442
Housing Units (2000): 10894
Land area (2000): 1846.674737 sq. miles (4782.865409 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 22.930219 sq. miles (59.388993 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1869.604956 sq. miles (4842.254402 sq. km)
Located within: Colorado (CO), FIPS 08
Location: 40.087637 N, 106.070981 W
Headwords:
Grand
Grand, CO
Grand County
Grand County, CO
Grandam (n.) An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. -- Shak.
Grandaunt (n.) The aunt of one's father or mother.
Grandchild (n.) A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.
Grandchild (n.) A child of your son or daughter.
Granddaughter (n.) 孫女；外孫女 [C] The daughter of one's son or daughter.
Granddaughter (n.) A female grandchild.
Grandee (n.) A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.
Grandee (n.) A nobleman of highest rank in Spain or Portugal.
Grandeeship (n.) The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. -- H. Swinburne.
Grandeur (n.) The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure mine eye. -- Milton.
Syn: Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness.
See Sublimity.
Grandeur (n.) The quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand; "for magnificence and personal service there is the Queen's hotel"; "his `Hamlet' lacks the brilliance that one expects"; "it is the university that gives the scene its stately splendor"; "an imaginative mix of old-fashioned grandeur and colorful art"; "advertisers capitalize on the grandness and elegance it brings to their products" [syn: magnificence, brilliance, splendor, splendour, grandeur, grandness].
Grandeur (n.) The quality of elevation of mind and exaltation of character or ideals or conduct [syn: nobility, nobleness, magnanimousness, grandeur].
Grandevity (n.) Great age; long life. [Obs.] -- Glanvill.
Grandevous (a.) Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] -- Bailey.
Grand-ducal (a.) Of or pertaining to a grand duke. -- H. James.
Grandfather (n.) A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.
Grandfather longlegs. (Zool.) See Daddy longlegs.
Grandfather (n.) The father of your father or mother [syn: grandfather, gramps, granddad, grandad, granddaddy, grandpa].
Grandfather, () domestic relations. The father of one's father or mother. The father's father is called the paternal grandfather; the mother's father is the maternal grandfather.
Grandfather, NC -- U.S. village in North Carolina
Population (2000): 73
Housing Units (2000): 377
Land area (2000): 1.500982 sq. miles (3.887526 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.043443 sq. miles (0.112517 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1.544425 sq. miles (4.000043 sq. km)
FIPS code: 27320
Located within: North Carolina (NC), FIPS 37
Location: 36.100525 N, 81.850153 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Grandfather, NC
Grandfather
Grandfatherly (a.) Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. -- Hawthorne.
Grandific (a.) Making great. [R.] -- Bailey.
Grandiloquence (n.) The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. -- Thackeray,
Grandiloquence (n.) High-flown style; excessive use of verbal ornamentation; "the grandiosity of his prose"; "an excessive ornateness of language" [syn: grandiosity, magniloquence, ornateness, grandiloquence, rhetoric].
Grandiloquence (n.) A lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in language.
Grandiloquent (a.) Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.
Grandiloquent (a.) Lofty in style; "he engages in so much tall talk, one never really realizes what he is saying" [syn: grandiloquent, magniloquent, tall].
Grandiloquent (a.) Puffed up with vanity; "a grandiloquent and boastful manner"; "overblown oratory"; "a pompous speech"; "pseudo-scientific gobbledygook and pontifical hooey"- Newsweek [syn: grandiloquent, overblown, pompous, pontifical, portentous].
Grandiloquous (a.) Grandiloquent.
Grandinous (a.) Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] -- Bailey.
Grandiose (a.) 宏偉的；浮誇的；誇張的；華而不實的 Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good sense.
The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole. -- M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. -- C. Kingsley.
Grandiose (a.) Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.
Grandiose (a.) Impressive because of unnecessary largeness or grandeur; used to show disapproval.
Grandiose (a.) Affectedly genteel [syn: grandiose, hifalutin, highfalutin, highfaluting, hoity-toity, la-di-da].
Grandiosity (n.) 浮誇 The state or quality of being grandiose.
Grandiosity (n.) High-flown style; excessive use of verbal ornamentation; "the grandiosity of his prose"; "an excessive ornateness of language" [syn: grandiosity, magniloquence, ornateness, grandiloquence, rhetoric].
Grandity (n.) Grandness. [Obs.] -- Camden.
Grand jury (n.) (ph.) (Law) (In the US) 大陪審團；在刑事法庭審案期間由行政司法官選定並召集。其職責為受理刑事指控，聽取控方提出的證據，決定是否將犯罪嫌疑人交付審判，而不是認定其是否有罪。稱為「大」陪審團，因其成員的人數較通常的陪審團即小陪審團為多；普通法上由12-23人組成。大陪審團起源於1166年的《克拉倫登法》〔Assize of Clarendon〕。開始時對案件既負責起訴，又負責審理。逐漸演變為只決定是否對犯罪嫌疑人起訴，對案件的審理則由小陪審團承擔。在英國，除個別情況外，大陪審團已於1933年取消；至1948年則被徹底廢除。美國憲法第五條修正案規定，對可能判處死刑的犯罪和不名譽罪的指控，原則上必須經由大陪審團起訴。聯邦法院的大陪審團由16-23人組成。各州法院大陪審團的人數，則各有不同。A jury which has to decide whether there is enough evidence against an accused person for a trial in court.
Grand jury, () practice. A body of men, consisting of not less than twelve nor more than twenty-four, respectively returned by the sheriff of every county to every session of the peace, oyer and terminer and general gaol delivery, to whom indictments are preferred. 4 Bl. Com. 302; 1 Chit. C. L. 310, 1.
Grand jury, () There is just reason to believe that this institution existed among the Saxons, Crabb's C. L. 35. By the constitutions of Clarendon, enacted 10 H. II. A. D. 1164, it is provided, that "if such men were suspected, whom none wished or dared to accuse, the sheriff, being thereto required by the bishop, should swear twelve men of the neighborhood, or village, to declare the truth" respecting such supposed crime; the jurors being summoned as witnesses or accusers, rather than judges. If this institution did not exist before, it seems to be pretty certain that this statute established grand juries, or recognized them, if they existed before.
Grand jury, () A view of the important duties of grand juries will be taken, by considering, 1. The organization of the grand jury. 2. The extent of its jurisdiction. 3. The mode of doing business. 4. The evidence to be received.
Grand jury, () Their duty to make presentments. 6. The secrecy to be observed by the grand jury.
Grand jury, () Of the organization of the grand jury. The law requires that twenty-four citizens shall be summoned to attend on the grand jury; but in practice, not more than twenty-three are sworn, because of the inconvenience which else might arise, of having twelve, who are sufficient to find a true bill, opposed to twelve others who might be against it. 6 Adolph. & Ell. 236; S. C. 33 e. C. L. R. 66; 2 Caines, R. 98. Upon being called, all who present themselves are sworn, as it scarcely ever happens that all who are summoned are in attendance. The grand jury cannot consist of less than twelve, and from fifteen to twenty are usually sworn. 2 Hale, P. C. 161; 7 Sm. & Marsh. 58. Being called into the jury box, they are usually permitted to select a foreman whom the court appoints, but the court may exercise the right to nominate one for them. The foreman then takes the following oath or affirmation, namely: "You A B, as foreman of this inquest for the body of the ______ of _________, do swear, (or affirm) that you will diligently inquire, and true presentments make, of all such articles, matters and things as shall be given you in charge, or otherwise come to your knowledge touching the present service; the commonwealth's counsel, your fellows and your own, you shall keep secret; you shall present no one for envy, hatred or malice; nor shall you leave any one unpresented for fear, favor, affection, hope of reward or gain; but shall present all things truly, as they come to your knowledge, according to the best of your understanding, (so help you God.") It will be perceived that this oath contains the substance of the duties of the grand jury. The foreman having been sworn or affirmed, the other grand jurors are sworn or affirmed according to this formula: "You 'and each of you do swear (or affirm) that the same oath (or affirmation) which your foreman has taken on his part, you and every one of you shall well and truly observe on your part." Being so sworn or affirmed, and having received the charge of the court, the grand jury are organized, and may proceed to the room provided for them to transact the business which may be laid before them. 2 Burr. 1088; Bac. Ab. Juries, A. The grand jury constitute a regular body until discharged by the court, or by operation of law, as where they cannot continue by virtue of an act of assembly beyond a certain day. But although they have been formally discharged by the court, if they have not separated, they may be called back, and fresh bills submitted to them; 9 C. & P. 43; S. C. 38 E. C. L. R. 2 8.
Grand jury, () The extent of the grand jury's jurisdiction. Their jurisdiction is coextensive with that of the court for which they inquire; both as to the offences triable there, and the territory over which such court has jurisdiction.
Grand jury, () The mode of doing business. The foreman acts as president, and the jury usually appoint one of their number to perform the duties of secretary. No records are to be kept of the acts of the grand jury, except for their own use, because, as will be seen hereafter, their proceedings are to be secret. Being thus prepared to enter upon their duties, the grand jury are supplied with bills of indictment by the attorney-general or other officer, representing the state or commonwealth against offenders. On these bills are endorsed the names of the witnesses by whose testimony they are supported. The witnesses are in attendance in another room, and must be called when wanted. Before they are examined as to their knowledge of the matters mentioned in the indictment, care must be taken that they have been sworn or affirmed. For the sake of convenience, they are generally sworn or affirmed in open court before they are sent to be examined, and when so qualified, a mark to that effect is made opposite their names.
Grand jury, () In order to save time, the best practice is to find a true bill, as soon as the jury are satisfied that the defendant ought to be put upon his trial. It is a waste of time to examine any other witness after they have arrived at that conclusion. Twelve at least must agree, in order to find a true bill; but it is not required that they should be unanimous. Unless that number consent, the bill must be ignored. When a defendant is to be put upon his trial, the foreman must write on the back of the indictment "a true bill," sign his name as foreman, and date the time of finding. On the. contrary, where there is not sufficient evidence to authorize the finding of the bill, the jury return that they are ignorant whether the person accused committed the offence charged in the bill, which is expressed by the foreman endorsing on the bill "ignoramus," signing his name as before, and dating the time.
Grand jury, () Of the evidence to be received. In order to, ascertain the facts which the jury have not themselves witnessed, they must depend upon the statement of those who know them, and who will testify to them. When the witness, from his position and ability, has been in a condition to know the facts about which he testifies, he is deserving of implicit confidence; if, with such knowledge, he has no motive for telling a false or exaggerated story, has intelligence enough to tell what he knows, and give a probable account of the transaction. If, on the other hand, from his position he could not know the facts, or if knowing them, he distorts them, he is undeserving of credit. The jury are the able judges of the credit and confidence to which a witness is entitled.
Grand jury, () Should any member of the jury be acquainted with any fact on which the grand jury are to act, he must, before he testifies, be sworn or affirmed, as any other witness, for the law requires this sanction in all cases.
Grand jury, () As the jury are not competent to try the accused, but merely to investigate the case so far as to ascertain whether he ought to be put on his trial, they cannot hear evidence in his favor; theirs is a mere preliminary inquiry; it is when he comes to be tried in court that he may defend himself by examining witnesses in his favor, and showing the facts of the case.
Grand jury, () Of presentments. The jury are required to make true presentments of all such matters which may be given to them in charge, or which have otherwise come to their knowledge. A presentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by the grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge, as of a nuisance, a libel, or the like. In these cases, the authors of the offence should be named, so that they may be indicted,
Grand jury, () Of the secrecy to be observed by the grand jury. The oath which they have taken obliges them to keep secret the commonwealth's counsel, their fellows and their own. Although contrary to the general spirit of our institutions, which do not shun daylight, this secrecy is required by law for wise purposes. It extends to the votes given in any case, to the evidence delivered by witnesses, and the communications of the jurors to each other; the disclosure of these facts, unless under the sanction of law, would render the imprudent juror who should make them public, liable to punishment. Giving intelligence to a defendant that a bill has been found against him, to enable him to escape, is so obviously wrong, that no one can for a moment doubt its being criminal. The grand juror who should be guilty of this offence might, upon conviction, be fined and imprisoned. The duration of the secrecy appears not to be definitely settled, but it seems this injunction is to remain as long as the particular circumstances of each case require. In a case, for example, where a witness swears to a fact in open court, on the trial, directly in opposition to what he swore before the grand jury, there can be no doubt the injunction of secrecy, as far as regards this evidence, would be at an end, and the grand juror might be sworn to testify what this witness swore to in the grand jury's room, in order that the witness might be prosecuted for perjury. 2 Russ. Cr.. 616; 4 Greenl. Rep. 439; but see contra, 2 Halst. R. 347; 1 Car. & K. 519. Vide, generally, 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 162; 1 Russ. Cr. 291; 2 Russ. Cr. 616 2 Stark. Ev. 232, n. 1; 1 Hawk. 65, 500 2 Hawk. ch. 25; .3 Story, Const. Sec. 1778 2 Swift's Dig. 370; 4 Bl. Com. 402; Archb. Cr. Pl. 63; 7 Sm. Laws Penna. 685.
Grandly (adv.) In a grand manner.
Grandly (adv.) In a grand manner; "the mansion seemed grandly large by today's standards".
Grandma (n.) Alt. of Grandmamma.
Grandmamma (n.) A grandmother.
Grandma (n.) The mother of your father or mother [syn: grandma, grandmother, granny, grannie, gran, nan, nanna].
Grand mercy (interj.)【古】不勝感激；（表示驚訝）老天！ See Gramercy. [Obs.]
Grandmother (n.) The mother of one's father or mother.
Grandmother (n.) The mother of your father or mother [syn: grandma, grandmother, granny, grannie, gran, nan, nanna].
Grandmother, () domestic relations. The mother of one's father or mother. The father's mother is called the paternal grandmother; the mother's mother is the maternal grandmother.
Grandmotherly (a.) Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.
Grandnephew (n.) The grandson of one's brother or sister.
Grandnephew (n.) A son of your niece or nephew [syn: great-nephew, grandnephew].
Grandness (n.) Grandeur. -- Wollaston.
Grandness (n.) A prominent status; "a person of importance" [syn: importance, grandness].
Grandness (n.) Unusual largeness in size or extent or number [syn: enormousness, grandness, greatness, immenseness, immensity, sizeableness, vastness, wideness].
Grandness (n.) The quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand; "for magnificence and personal service there is the Queen's hotel"; "his `Hamlet' lacks the brilliance that one expects"; "it is the university that gives the scene its stately splendor"; "an imaginative mix of old-fashioned grandeur and colorful art"; "advertisers capitalize on the grandness and elegance it brings to their products" [syn: magnificence, brilliance, splendor, splendour, grandeur, grandness].
Grandness (n.) Splendid or imposing in size or appearance; "the grandness of the architecture"; "impressed by the richness of the flora" [syn: impressiveness, grandness, magnificence, richness].
Grandniece (n.) The granddaughter of one's brother or sister. Grandpa
Grandniece (n.) A daughter of your niece or nephew [syn: great-niece, grandniece].
Grandpa (n.) Alt. of Grandpapa.
Grandpapa (n.) A grandfather.
Grandpa (n.) The father of your father or mother [syn: grandfather, gramps, granddad, grandad, granddaddy, grandpa].
Grandsire (n.) Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.
Grandson (n.) A son's or daughter's son.
Grandson (n.) A male grandchild.
Granduncle (n.) A father's or mother's uncle. grand unified theory
Granduncle (n.) An uncle of your father or mother [syn: great-uncle, granduncle].
Grane (v. & n.) See Groan. [Obs.]
Grange (n.) A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] -- Milton.
Grange (n.) A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her bernes wide. -- Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid. -- Tennyson.
Grange (n.) A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]
Grange (n.) A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.