Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter E

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter E - Page 63

Exculpated (imp. & p. p.) of Exculpate

Exculpating () of Exculpate

Exculpate (v. t.) 開脫；使無罪 To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit.

He exculpated himself from being the author of the heroic epistle. -- Mason.

I exculpate him further for his writing against me. -- Milman.

Syn: To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify.

Exculpate (v.) Pronounce not guilty of criminal charges; "The suspect was cleared of the murder charges" [syn: {acquit}, {assoil}, {clear}, {discharge}, {exonerate}, {exculpate}] [ant: {convict}].

Exculpation (n.) 辯白；申明無罪 The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which exculpates; excuse.

These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong case in exculpation of themselves. -- Southey.

Exculpation (n.) A defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.; "he kept finding excuses to stay"; "every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job"; "his transparent self-justification was unacceptable" [syn: {excuse}, {alibi}, {exculpation}, {self-justification}].

Exculpation (n.) The act of freeing from guilt or blame.

Compare: Mitigating

Mitigating (a.) Serving to reduce blame; -- of situations; as, mitigating factors; mitigating circumstances. Opposite of aggravating. [Narrower terms: exculpatory].

Syn: extenuating.

Exculpatory (a.) 辯解的，辯明無罪的 Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt; excusing. "An exculpatory letter." -- Johnson.

Exculpatory (a.) Clearing of guilt or blame [ant: {inculpative}, {inculpatory}].

Excur (v. i.) To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] -- Harvey.

Excurrent (a.) 流出的，流出性的，一支幹的 Running or flowing out ; as: (Bot.) Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which continues to the top.

Excurrent (a.) Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which continues to the top.

Excurrent (a.) (Zool.) Characterized by a current which flows outward; as, an excurrent orifice or tube.

Excurse (v. t.) 遠足，遊覽，短程旅行 To journey or pass thought. [R.]

Excursion (n.) 遠足，遊覽，短程旅行 A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally.

Far on excursion toward the gates of hell. -- Milton.

They would make excursions and waste the country. -- Holland.

Excursion (n.) A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief tour; as, an excursion into the country.

Excursion (n.) A wandering from a subject; digression.

I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore make no excursions. -- Cowper.

Excursion (n.) (Mach.) Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An awkward use of the word.]

Syn: Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See Journey.

Excursion (n.) A journey taken for pleasure; "many summer excursions to the shore"; "it was merely a pleasure trip"; "after cautious sashays into the field" [syn: {excursion}, {jaunt}, {outing}, {junket}, {pleasure trip}, {expedition}, {sashay}].

Excursion (n.) Wandering from the main path of a journey [syn: {digression}, {excursion}].

Excursionist (n.) 遠足者，短途旅行者 One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip.

Excursionist (n.) A tourist who is visiting sights of interest [syn: {sightseer}, {excursionist}, {tripper}, {rubberneck}].

Excursive (a.) 遊覽的，離題的，散漫的 Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; as, an excursive fancy.

The course of excursive . . . understandings. -- I. Taylor. -- Ex*cur"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*cur"sive*ness,, n.

Excursive (a.) (of e.g. speech and writing) Tending to depart from the main point or cover a wide range of subjects; "amusingly digressive with satirical thrusts at women's fashions among other things"; "a rambling discursive book"; "his excursive remarks"; "a rambling speech about this and that" [syn: {digressive}, {discursive}, {excursive}, {rambling}].

Excursus (n.) 附記；補說 A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and containing a more extended exposition of some important point or topic.

Excursus (n.) A message that departs from the main subject [syn: digression, aside, excursus, divagation, parenthesis].

Excusable (a.) 可辯解的；可原諒的 That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable action. -- Ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ex*cus"a*bly, adv.

The excusableness of my dissatisfaction. -- Boyle.

Excusable (a.) Capable of being overlooked [ant: inexcusable].

Excusable (a.) Easily excused or forgiven; "a venial error" [syn: excusable, forgivable, venial].

Excusation (n.) 辯解，辯護 Excuse; apology. [Obs.] -- Bacon.

Excusation (n.) The act of offering an excuse or apology, or the fact of being excused; an excuse, a defence.

Excusator (n.) [L.] 辯護士；護教論者 One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an apologist. [Obs.] -- Hume.

Excusatory (a.) 申辯的 Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as, an excusatory plea.

Excusatory (a.) Offering or expressing apology; "an apologetic note"; "an apologetic manner" [syn: apologetic, excusatory] [ant: unapologetic].

Excused (imp. & p. p.) of Excuse

Excusing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Excuse

Excuse (v. t.) 原諒 [（+for）]；辯解；成為……的理由；試圖開脫 [+v-ing] To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or blame; to clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to justify by extenuating a fault; to exculpate; to absolve; to acquit.

A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not excuse him from guilt in practicing it, if really and indeed it be against Gog's law. -- Abp. Sharp.

Excuse (v. t.) To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook; as, we excuse irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it.

I must excuse what can not be amended. -- Shak.

Excuse (v. t.) To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to overlook; to pardon.

And in our own (excuse some courtly stains.) No whiter page than Addison remains. -- Pope.

Excuse (v. t.) To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to disengage; to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to remit by favor; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture.

I pray thee have me excused. -- xiv. 19.

Excuse (v. t.) To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for.

Think ye that we excuse ourselves to you? -- 2 Cor. xii. 19.

Syn: To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit.

Usage: - To Pardon, Excuse, Forgive. A superior pardons as an act of mercy or generosity; either a superior or an equal excuses. A crime, great fault, or a grave offence, as one against law or morals, may be pardoned; a small fault, such as a failure in social or conventional obligations, slight omissions or neglects may be excused. Forgive relates to offenses against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to forgive injuries or one who has injured us; to pardon grave offenses, crimes, and criminals; to excuse an act of forgetfulness, an unintentional offense. Pardon is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of excuse.

Excuse (n.) 辯解 [C] [U]；理由；藉口 [C] [U] The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation.

Pleading so wisely in excuse of it. -- Shak.

Excuse (n.) That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology; as, an excuse for neglect of duty; excuses for delay of payment.

Hence with denial vain and coy excuse. -- Milton.

Excuse (n.) That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault. "It hath the excuse of youth." -- Shak.

If eyes were made for seeing.

Then beauty is its own excuse for being. -- Emerson.

Syn: See Apology.

Excuse (n.) A defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.; "he kept finding excuses to stay"; "every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job"; "his transparent self-justification was unacceptable" [syn: excuse, alibi, exculpation, self-justification].

Excuse (n.) A note explaining an absence; "he had to get his mother to write an excuse for him".

Excuse (n.) A poor example; "it was an apology for a meal"; "a poor excuse for an automobile" [syn: apology, excuse].

Excuse (v.) Accept an excuse for; "Please excuse my dirty hands" [syn: excuse, pardon].

Excuse (v.) Grant exemption or release to; "Please excuse me from this class" [syn: excuse, relieve, let off, exempt].

Excuse (v.) Serve as a reason or cause or justification of; "Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work"; "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again" [syn: excuse, explain].

Excuse (v.) Defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning; "rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior"; "he rationalized his lack of success" [syn: apologize, apologise, excuse, justify, rationalize, rationalise].

Excuse (v.) Ask for permission to be released from an engagement [syn: excuse, beg off].

Excuse (v.) Excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with; "excuse someone's behavior"; "She condoned her husband's occasional infidelities" [syn: excuse, condone].

Excuseless (a.) Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology. -- Whillock.

Excusement (n.) Excuse. [Obs.] -- Gower.

Excuser (n.) 寬恕者 One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of another. -- Swift.

Excuser (n.) One who excuses or forgives another. -- Shelton.

Excuser (n.) A person who pardons or forgives or excuses a fault or offense [syn: pardoner, forgiver, excuser] .

Excuss (v. t.) To shake off; to discard. [R.]

To excuss the notation of a Geity out of their minds. -- Bp. Stillingfleet.

Excuss (v. t.) To inspect; to investigate; to decipher. [R.]

To take some pains in excusing some old monuments. -- F. Junius (1654).

Excuss (v. t.) To seize and detain by law, as goods. [Obs.] -- Ayliffe.

Excussion (n.) 依法索取（債務） The act of excusing; seizure by law. [Obs.] -- Ayliffe.

Exeat (n.) A license for absence from a college or a religious house. [Eng.] -- Shipley.

Exeat (n.) A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out of his diocese. -- Wharton.

EXEAT, eccl. law. This is a Latin term, which is used to express the written permission which a bishop gives to an ecclesiastic to exercise the functions of his ministry in another diocese.

Execrable (a.) Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable; abominable; as, an execrable wretch. "Execrable pride." --Hooker. -- Ex"e*cra*ble*ness, n. -- Ex"e*cra*bly, adv.

Execrable (a.) Of very poor quality or condition; "deplorable housing conditions in the inner city"; "woeful treatment of the accused"; "woeful errors of judgment" [syn: deplorable, execrable, miserable, woeful, wretched].

Execrable (a.) Unequivocally detestable; "abominable treatment of prisoners"; "detestable vices"; "execrable crimes"; "consequences odious to those you govern"- Edmund Burke [syn: abominable, detestable, execrable, odious].

Execrable (a.) Deserving a curse; "her damnable pride" [syn: damnable, execrable].

Execrated (imp. & p. p.) of Execrate

Execrating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Execrate

Execrate (v. t.) To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to curse; to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate. "They . . . execrate their lct." -- Cowper.

Execrate (v.) Find repugnant; "I loathe that man"; "She abhors cats" [syn: abhor, loathe, abominate, execrate].

Execrate (v.) Curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine punishment [syn: accurse, execrate, anathemize,

comminate, anathemise, anathematize, anathematise].

Execration (n.) The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed.

Cease, gentle, queen, these execrations. -- Shak.

Execration (n.) That which is execrated; a detested thing.

Ye shall be an execration and . . . a curse. -- Jer. xlii. 18.

Syn: See Malediction.

Execration (n.) Hate coupled with disgust [syn: abhorrence, abomination, detestation, execration, loathing, odium].

Execration (n.) An appeal to some supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or some group [syn: execration, condemnation, curse].

Execration (n.) The object of cursing or detestation; that which is execrated.

Execrative (a.) Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying. -- Carlyle. -- Ex"e*cra*tive*ly, adv.

Execrative (n.) A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression. -- Earle.

Execratory (a.) Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. -- C. Kingsley. -- n. A formulary of execrations. -- L. Addison.

Execratory (n.) A formulary of execrations.

Exect (v. t.) To cut off or out. [Obs.] See Exsect. -- Harvey.

Exection (n.) [Obs.] See Exsection.

Executable (a.) Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable project. [R.]

Executable (a.) Capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are [syn: feasible, executable, practicable, viable, workable].

Executable, () A binary file containing a program in machine language which is ready to be executed (run).

The term might also be, but generally isn't, applied to scripts which are interpreted by a command line interpreter. Executables are distinguished in Unix by having the execute permission bits set, at least for the owner. MS-DOS uses the filename extension ".exe". (1997-06-21)

Executant (n.) One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical instrument.

Great executants on the organ. -- De Quincey.

Executant (n.) A performer (usually of musical works).

Executed (imp. & p. p.) of Execute

Executing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Execute

Execute (v. t.) 實施，實行；執行；履行；將……處死；製作（藝術品等） To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into complete effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to perform.

Why delay His hand to execute what his decree Fixed on this day? -- Milton.

Execute (v. t.) To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to, as by signing and perhaps sealing and delivering; as, to execute a deed, lease, mortgage, will, etc.

Execute (v. t.) To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by; to perform the requirements or stimulations of; as, to execute a decree, judgment, writ, or process.

Execute (v. t.) To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in conformity to a legal sentence; as, to execute a traitor.

Execute (v. t.) Too put to death illegally; to kill. [Obs.] -- Shak.

Execute (v. t.) (Mus.) To perform, as a piece of music, either on an instrument or with the voice; as, to execute a difficult part brilliantly ; to execute a coup; to execute a double play.

Syn: To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate; finish; complete. See Accomplish.

Execute (v. i.) To do one's work; to act one's part of purpose. [R.] -- Hayward.

Execute (v. i.) To perform musically.

Execute (v.) Kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment; "In some states, criminals are executed" [syn: execute, put to death].

Execute (v.) Murder in a planned fashion; "The Mafioso who collaborated with the police was executed".

Execute (v.) Put in effect; "carry out a task"; "execute the decision of the people"; "He actioned the operation" [syn: carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil].

Execute (v.) Carry out the legalities of; "execute a will or a deed".

Execute (v.) Carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine; "Run the dishwasher"; "run a new program on the Mac"; "the computer executed the instruction" [syn: run, execute].

Execute (v.) Carry out or perform an action; "John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters"; "the skater executed a triple pirouette"; "she did a little dance" [syn: perform, execute, do].

Execute (v.) Sign in the presence of witnesses; "The President executed the treaty".

Execution

Execute

Run

The process of carrying out the instructions in a computer program by a computer.

See also dry run. (1996-05-13)

Execution (n.), Contracts. The accomplishment of a thing; as the execution of a bond and warrant of attorney, which is the signing, sealing, and delivery of the same.

Execution (n.), Crim. law. The putting a convict to death, agreeably to law, in pursuance of his sentence.

Execution (n.), Practice. The act of carrying into effect the final judgment of a court, or other jurisdiction. The writ which authorizes the officer so to carry into effect such judgment is also called an execution.

Execution (n.) A distinction has been made between an execution which is used to make the money due on a judgment out of the property of the defendant, and which is called a final execution; and one which tends to an end but is not absolutely final, as a capias ad satisfaciendum, by virtue of which the body of the defendant is taken, to the intent that the plaintiff shall be satisfied his debt, &c., the imprisonment not being absolute, but until he shall satisfy the same; this is called an execution quousque. 6 Co. 87.

Execution (n.) Executions are either to recover specific things, or money. 1. Of the first class are the writs of habere facias seisinam.; (q.v.) habere facias possessionem; (q.v.) retorno habendo; (q.v.) distringas. (q.v.) 2. Executions for the recovery of money are those which issue against the body of the defendant, as the capias ad satisfaciendum, (q.v.); an attachment, (q.v.); those which issue against his goods and chattels; namely, the fieri facias, (q.v.); the, venditioni exponas, (q.v.); those which issue against his lands, the levari facias; (q.v.) the liberari facias; the elegit. (q.v.) Vide 10 Vin. Ab. 541; 1 Ves. jr. 430; 1 Sell. Pr. 512; Bac. Ab. h.t.; Com. Dig. h.t.; the various Digests, h.t.; Tidd's Pr. Index, h.t.; 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 3365, et seq. Courts will at any time grant leave to amend an execution so as to make it conformable to the judgment on which it was issued. 1 Serg. & R. 98. A writ of error lies on an award of execution. 5 Rep. 32, a; 1 Rawle, Rep. 47, 48; Writ of Execution;

Execution (n.) [Mass noun] The carrying out of a plan, order, or course of action.

‘He was fascinated by the entire operation and its execution.’

Execution (n.) The technique or style with which an artistic work is produced or carried out.

‘The film is entirely professional in its execution.’

Execution (n.) [Law] The putting into effect of a legal instrument or order.

‘Obligation to pay the deposit before the execution of the lease’

Execution (n.) [Law] Seizure of the property or person of a debtor in default of payment.

[Count noun] ‘Sixty-seven executions were ordered against goods.’

Execution (n.) [Computing] The performance of an instruction or program.

Execution (n.) [Mass noun] The carrying out of a sentence of death on a condemned person.

‘The execution of juveniles is prohibited by international law’

[Count noun] ‘There were mass arrests and executions.’

Execution (n.) The killing of someone as a political act.

‘They were held captive for two days and threatened with execution.’

Executioner (n.) One who executes; an executer. -- Bacon.

Executioner (n.) One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a hangman.

Executioner (n.) An official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant [syn: executioner, public executioner].

Executioner, () (Mark 6:27). Instead of the Greek word, Mark here uses a Latin word, speculator, which literally means "a scout," "a spy," and at length came to denote one of the armed bodyguard of the emperor. Herod Antipas, in imitation of the emperor, had in attendance on him a company of speculatores. They were sometimes employed as executioners, but this was a mere accident of their office. (See MARK, GOSPEL OF.)

Executioner, () The name given to him who puts criminals to death, according to their sentence; a hangman.

Executioner, () In the United States, executions are so rare that there are no executioners by profession. It is the duty of the sheriff or marshal to perform this office, or to procure a deputy to do it for him.

Executive (n.) An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the governing person or body.

Executive (n.) A person who has administrative authority over an organization or division of an organization; a manager, supervisor or administrator at a high level within an organization; as, all executives of the company were given stock options.

Executive (a.) 執行的；實施的；經營管理的；行政上的；行政部門的 Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect; as, executive talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or pertaining to, the execution of the laws or the conduct of affairs; as, executive power or authority; executive duties, officer, department, etc.

Note: In government, executive is distinguished from {legislative} and {judicial}; {legislative} being applied to the organ or organs of government which make the laws; {judicial}, to that which interprets and applies the laws; executive, to that which carries them into effect or secures their due performance.

Executive (a.) Of or pertaining to an executive[2] or to the group of executives within an organization; as, executive compensation increased more rapidly than wages in the 1980's; the executive suite.

Executive (a.) Having the function of carrying out plans or orders etc.; "the executive branch".

Executive (n.) A person responsible for the administration of a business [syn: executive, executive director].

Executive (n.) Persons who administer the law.

Executive (n.) Someone who manages a government agency or department [syn: administrator, executive].

Executive (n.) The command interpreter or shell for an operating system. The term is used especially around mainframes and probably derived from UNIVAC's archaic EXEC 2 and current (in 2000) EXEC 8 operating systems. (2000-08-06)

Executive (n.) Government. That power in the government which causes the laws to be executed and obeyed: it is usually. confided to the hands of the chief magistrate; the president of the United States is invested with this authority under the national government; and the governor of each state has the executive power in his hands.

Executive (n.) The officer in whom is vested the executive power is also called the executive.

Executive (n.) The Constitution of the United States directs that "the executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America." Art. 2, s. 1. Vide Story, Const. B. 3, c. 36.

Executive (n.) An officer of the Government, whose duty it is to enforce the wishes of the legislative power until such time as the judicial department shall be pleased to pronounce them invalid and of no effect. Following is an extract from an old book entitled, _The Lunarian Astonished_ -- Pfeiffer & Co., Boston, 1803:

LUNARIAN: Then when your Congress has passed a law it goes directly to the Supreme Court in order that it may at once be known whether it is constitutional?

TERRESTRIAN: O no; it does not require the approval of the Supreme Court until having perhaps been enforced for many years somebody objects to its operation against himself -- I mean his client. The President, if he approves it, begins to execute it at once.

LUNARIAN: Ah, the executive power is a part of the legislative. Do your policemen also have to approve the local ordinances that they enforce?

TERRESTRIAN: Not yet -- at least not in their character of constables. Generally speaking, though, all laws require the approval of those whom they are intended to restrain.

LUNARIAN: I see. The death warrant is not valid until signed by the murderer.

TERRESTRIAN: My friend, you put it too strongly; we are not so consistent.

LUNARIAN: But this system of maintaining an expensive judicial machinery to pass upon the validity of laws only after they have long been executed, and then only when brought before the court by some private person -- does it not cause great confusion?

TERRESTRIAN: It does.

LUNARIAN: Why then should not your laws, previously to being executed, be validated, not by the signature of your President, but by that of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

TERRESTRIAN: There is no precedent for any such course.

LUNARIAN: Precedent. What is that?

TERRESTRIAN: It has been defined by five hundred lawyers in three volumes each. So how can any one know?

Executive (n.) 執行者；行政官；高級官員 [C]；經理；業務主管 [C] An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the governing person or body.

Executive (a.) Having the function of carrying out plans or orders etc.; "the executive branch".

Executive (n.) A person responsible for the administration of a business [syn: {executive}, {executive director}].

Executive (n.) Persons who administer the law.

Executive (n.) Someone who manages a government agency or department [syn: {administrator}, {executive}].

Executive, () The command interpreter or shell for an operating system. The term is used especially around mainframes and probably derived from UNIVAC's archaic EXEC 2 and current (in 2000) EXEC 8 operating systems. (2000-08-06)

Executive Yuan (n.) 行政院 The Executive Yuan is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan.

Executively (adv.) 執行地 In the way of executing or performing.

Executor (n.) One who executes or performs; a doer; as, an executor of baseness. -- Shak.

Executor (n.) An executioner. [Obs.]

Delivering o'er to executors paw? The lazy, yawning drone. -- Shak.

Executor (n.) (Law) The person appointed by a testator to execute his will, or to see its provisions carried into effect, after his decease.

Executor de son tort [Of., executor of his own wrong] (Law), A stranger who intermeddles without authority in the distribution of the estate of a deceased person.

Executor (n.) A person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of the will.

EXECUTOR, () Trusts. The word executor, taken in its largest sense, has several acceptations. 1. Executor dativus, who is one called an administrator to an intestate. 2. Executor testamentarius, or one appointed to the office by the last will of a testator, and this is what is usually meant by the term.

EXECUTOR, () In the civil law, the person who is appointed to perform the duties of an executor as to goods, is called haeres testamentarius; the term executor, it is said, is a barbarism unknown to that law. 3 Atk. 304.

EXECUTOR, () An executor, as the term is at present accepted, is the person to whom the execution of a last will and testament of personal estate is, by the testator's appointment, confided, and who has accepted of the same. 2 Bl. Com. 503; 2 P. Wms. 548; Toller, 30; 1 Will. on Ex. 112 Swinb. t. 4, s. 2, pl. 2.

EXECUTOR, () Generally speaking, all persons who are capable of making wills may be executors, and some others beside, as infants and married women. 2 Bl. Corn. 503.

EXECUTOR, () An executor is absolute or qualified; his appointment is absolute when he is constituted certainly, immediately, and without restriction in regard to the testator's effects, or limitation in point of time. It may be qualified by limitation as to the time or place wherein, or the subject matters whereon, the office is to be exercised; or the creation of the office may be conditional. It may be qualified. 1st. By limitations in point of time, for the time may be limited when the person appointed shall begin, or when he shall cease to be executor; as if a man be appointed executor upon the marriage of testator's daughter. Swinb. p. 4, s. 17, pl. 4. 2. The appointment may be limited to a place; as, if one be appointed executor of all the testator's goods in the state of Pennsylvania. 3. The power of the executor may be limited as to the subject matter upon which if is to be exercised; as, when a testator appoints. A the executor of his goods and chattels in possession; B, of his choses in action. One may be appointed executor of one thing, only, as of a particular claim or debt due by bond, and the like. Off. Ex. 29; 3 Phillim. 424. But although a testator may thus appoint separate executors of distinct parts of his property, and may divide

their authority, yet quoad the creditors of the testator they are all executors, and act as one executor, and may be sued as one executor. Cro. Car. 293. 4. The appointment may be conditional, and the condition may be either precedent or subsequent. Godolph. Orph. Leg. pt. 2, c. 2, s. 1; Off. Ex. 23.

EXECUTOR, () An executor derives his interest in the estate of the deceased entirely from the will, and it vests in him from the moment of the testator's death. 1 Will. Ex. 159; Com. Dig. Administration, B 10; 5 B. & A. 745; 2 W. Bl. Rep. 692. He acquires an absolute legal title to the personalty by appointment, but nothing in the lands of the testator, except by devise. He can touch nothing which was not personal at the testator's decease, except by express direction. 9 Serg. & Rawle, 431; Gord. Law Dec. 93. Still his interest in the goods of the deceased is not that absolute, proper and ordinary interest, which every one has in his own proper goods. He is a mere trustee to apply the goods for such purposes as are sanctioned by law. 4 T. R. 645; 9 Co. 88; 2 Inst. 236; Off. Ex. 192. He represents the testator, and therefore may sue and recover all the claims he had at the time of his death and may be sued for all debts due by him. 1 Will. Ex. 508, et seq. By the common law, however, such debts as were not due by some writing could not be recovered against the executors of a deceased debtor. The remedy was only in conscience or by a quo minus in the exchequer. Afterwards an action on the case in banco regis was given. Crom t. Jurisdic. 66, b; Plowd. Com. 183: 11 H. VII. 26.

EXECUTOR, () The following are the principal duties of an executor: 1. Within a convenient time after the testator's death, to collect the goods of the deceased, provided he can do so peaceably; when he is resisted, he must apply to the law for redress.

EXECUTOR, () To bury the deceased in a manner suitable to the estate he leaves behind him; and when there is just reason to believe he died insolvent, he is not warranted in expending more in funeral expenses (q.v.) than is absolutely necessary. 2 Will. Ex. 636; 1 Salk. 296; 11 Serg. & Rawle, 204 14 Serg. & Rawle, 64.

EXECUTOR, () The executor should prove the will in the proper office.

EXECUTOR, () He should make an inventory (q.v.) of the goods of the intestate, which should be filed in the office.

EXECUTOR, () He should ascertain the debts and credits of the estate, and endeavor to collect all claims with as little delay as possible, consistently with the interest of the estate.

EXECUTOR, () He should advertise for debts and credits: see forms of advertisements, 1 Chit. Pr. 521.

EXECUTOR, () He should reduce the whole of the goods, not specifically bequeathed into money, with all due expedition.

EXECUTOR, () Keep the money of the estate safely, but not mixed with his own, or he may be charged interest on it.

EXECUTOR, () Be at all times ready to account, and actually file an account within a year.

EXECUTOR, () Pay the debts and legacies in the order required by law.

EXECUTOR, () Co-executors, however numerous, are considered, in law, as an individual person, and; consequently, the acts of any one of them, in respect of the administration of the assets, are deemed, generally, the acts of all. Bac. Ab. Executor, D; Touch. 484; for they have all a joint and entire authority over the whole property Off. Ex. 213; 1 Rolle's Ab. 924; Com. Dig. Administration, B 12. On the death of one or more of several joint executors, their rights and powers survive to the survivors.

EXECUTOR, () When there are several executors and all die, the power is in common transferred to the executor of the last surviving executor, so that he is executor of the first testator; and the law is the same when a sole executor dies leaving an executor, the rights are vested in the latter. This rule has been changed, in Pennsylvania, and, perhaps, some other states, by legislative provision; there, in such case, administration cum testamento annexo must be obtained, the right does not survive to the executor of the executor. Act of Pennsylvania, of March 15 1832. s. 19. In general, executors are not responsible for each other, and they have a right to settle separate accounts. See Joint, Executors.

EXECUTOR, () Executors may be classed into general and special; instituted and substituted; rightful and executor de son tort; and executor to the tenor.

EXECUTOR, () A general executor is one who is appointed to administer the whole estate, without any limit of time or place, or of the subject-matter.

EXECUTOR, () A special executor is one. who is appointed or constituted to administer either a part of the estate, or the whole for a limited time, or only in a particular place.

EXECUTOR, () An instituted executor is one who is appointed by the testator without any condition, and who has the first right of acting when there are substituted executors. An example will show the difference between an instituted and substituted executor: suppose a man makes his son his executor, but if he will not act, he appoints his brother, and if neither will act, his cousin; here the son is the instituted executor, in the first degree, the brother is said to be substituted in the second degree, and the cousin in the third degree, and so on. See Heir, instituted, and Swinb. pt. 4, s. 19, pl. 1.

EXECUTOR, () A substituted executor is a person appointed executor, if another person who has been appointed refuses to act.

EXECUTOR, () A rightful executor is one lawfully appointed by the testator, by his will. Deriving his authority from the will, he may do most acts, before he obtains letters testamentary, but he must be possessed of them before. he can declare in action brought by him, as such. 1 P. Wms. 768; Will. on Ex. 173.

EXECUTOR, () An executor de son tort, or of his own wrong, is one, who, without lawful authority, undertakes to act. as executor of a person deceased. To make fin executor de son tort, the act of the party must be, 1. Unlawful. 2. By asserting ownership, as taking goods or cancelling a bond, and not committing a mere, trespass. Dyer, 105, 166; Cro. Eliz. 114. 3. An act done before probate of will, or granting letters of administration. 1 Salk. 313. One may be executor de son tort when acting under a forged will, which has been set aside. 3 T. R. 125. An executor de son tort. The law on this head seems to have been borrowed from the civil law doctrine of pro hoerede gestio. See Heinnec. Antiq. Syntagma, lib. 2, tit., 17, Sec. 16, p. 468. He is, in general, held responsible for all his acts, when he does anything which might prejudice the estate, and receives no, advantage whatever in consequence of his assuming the office. He cannot sue a debtor of the estate, but may be sued generally as executor. See a good reading on the liabilities of executors de son tort, in: Godolph. Orph. Legacy, 91, 93, and 10 Wentw. Pl. 378, for forms of declaring; also, 5 Co. Rep. 50 31 a; Yelv. 137; 1 Brownlow, 103; Salk. 28; Ham. Parties, 273; Imp. Mod. Pl. 94. As to what acts will make a person liable as executor de son tort, see Godolph. O ubi sup.; Gord. Law of Dec. 87, 89; Off. Ex. 181; Bac. Ab. Executor, &c., B 3; 11 Vin. Ab. 215; 1 Dane's Ab. 561; Bull. N. P. 48; Com. Dig. Administration C 3 Ham. on Part. 146 to 156; 8 John. R. 426; 7 John. R. 161; 4 Mass. 654; 3 Penna. R. 129; 15 Serg. & Rawle, 39.

EXECUTOR, () The usurpation of an office or character cannot confer the rights and privileges of it, although it may charge the usurper with the duties and obligations annexed to it. On this principle an executor de son tort is an executor only for the purpose of being sued, not for the purpose, of suing. In point of form, he is sued as if he were a rightful executor. He is not denominated in the declaration executor (de son tort) of his own wrong. It would be improper to allege that the deceased person with whose estate he has intermeddled died intestate. Nor can he be made a co-defendant with a rightful executor. Ham. Part. 146, 272, 273; Lawes on Plead. 190, note; Com. Dig. Abatement, F 10. If he take out letters of administration, he is still liable to be sued as executor, and in general, it is better to sue him as executor than as administrator. Godolph. 0. Leg. 93, 94, 95, Sec. 2, 3.

EXECUTOR, () An executor to the tenor. This phrase is based in the ecclesiastical law, to denote a person who is not directly appointed by the will an executor, but who is charged with the duties which appertain to one; as, "I appoint A B to discharge all lawful demands against my will." 3 Phill. 116; 1 Eccl. Rep. 374; Swinb. 247 Wentw. Ex. part 4, s. 41 p. 230. Vide. generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.; 11 Vin. Ab. h.t.; Bac. Ab. h.t.; Rolle, Ab. h.t.; Nelson's Ab. h.t.; Dane's Ab. Index, h.t.; Com. Dig. Administration; 1 Supp. to Ves. jr. 8, 90, 356, 438; 2 Id. 69; 1 Vern. 302-3; Yelv. 84 a; 1 Salk. 318; 18 Engl. C. L. Rep. 185; 10 East, 295; 2 Phil. Ev. 289; 1 Rop. Leg.' 114; American Digests, h.t.; Swinburne, Williams, Lovelass, and Roberts' several treatises on the law of Executors; Off. Ex. per totum; Chit. Pr. Index; h.t. For the various pleas that may be pleaded by executors, see 7 Wentw. Plead. 596, 602; 10 Id. 378; Cowp. 292. For the origin and progress of the law in relation to executors, the reader is referred to 5 Toull. n. 576, note; Glossaire du Droit Francais, par Delauriere, verbo Executeurs Testamentaires, and the same author on art. 297, of the Custom of Paris; Poth. Des Donations Testamen taires.

Executorial (a.) Of or pertaining to an executive.

Executorship (n.) The office of an executor.

Executory (a.) 行政上的；有效的 Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in force; executive.

The official and executory duties of government. -- Burke.

Executory (a.) (Law) Designed to be executed or carried into effect in time to come, or to take effect on a future contingency; as, an executory devise, reminder, or estate; an executory contract. -- Blackstone.

Executory, () Whatever may be executed; as an executory sentence or judgment, an executory contract.

Executress (n.) An executrix.

Executrix (n.) (Law) A woman exercising the functions of an executor.

Executrix (n.) A woman executor.

Executrix, () A woman who has been appointed by. will to execute such will or testament. See Executor.

Exedent (a.) Eating out; consuming. [R.]

Exedrae (n. pl. ) of Exedra

Exedra (n.) (Class. Antiq.) A room in a public building, furnished with seats.

Exedra (n.) (Arch.) The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form.

Exedra (n.) (Arch.) Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons; esp., one of curved form.

Exegeses (n. pl. ) of Exegesis

Exegesis (n.) Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a text or portion of Scripture.

Exegesis (n.) (Math.) The process of finding the roots of an equation. [Obs.]

Exegesis (n.) An explanation or critical interpretation (especially of the Bible).

Exegete (n.) An exegetist. Exegetic

Exegetist (n.) One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; -- also called exegete.

Exegete (n.) A person skilled in exegesis (especially of religious texts).

Exegetic (a.) Alt. of Exegetical

Exegetical (a.) Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate; explanatory; expository. -- Walker. Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

Exegetical (a.) Relating to exegesis [syn: exegetic, exegetical].

Exegetics (n.) The science of interpretation or exegesis.

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