Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter E - Page 14
Electrolytical (a.) Pertaining to electrolysis; as, electrolytic action. -- E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv.
Electrolyzable (a.) Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity.
Electrolyzation (n.) The act or the process of electrolyzing.
Electrolyzed (imp. & p. p.) of Electrolyze.
Electrolyzing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Electrolyze.
Electrolyze (v. t.) To decompose by the direct action of electricity. -- Faraday.
Electrolyze (v. t.) [See Electrolysis.] To subject to electrolysis. -- E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion, n.
Electro-magnet (n.) A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily magnetic by being placed within a coil of wire through which a current of electricity is passing. The metal is generally in the form of a bar, either straight, or bent into the shape of a horseshoe.
Electro-magnetic (a.) Of or pertaining to electromagnetism.
Electro-magnetic engine, An engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism.
Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), A theory of light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of transient electric currents moving transversely to the direction of the ray.
Electro-magnetism (n.) Magnetism produced by an electric current.
Electro-magnetism (n.) One of the fundamental forces of nature, responsible for both electrical and magnetic phenomena. Called also the electromagnetic force. Formerly believed to be separate phenomena, electricity and magnetism were shown by experiment and theory to be different aspects of the electromagnetic force. It is responsible for the forces generated between magnetically or electrically charged objects, and is the fundamental force responsible for the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, including light.
Electro-magnetism (n.) The branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena.
Electro-metallurgy (n.) The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action, by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty.
Electrometer (n.) (Physics) An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity (usually called an electroscope).
Balance electrometer. See under Balance. Electro-metric
Electrometer (n.) Meter to measure electrostatic voltage differences; draws no current from the source.
Electro-metric (a.) Alt. of Electro-metrical.
Electro-metrical (a.) Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of electrometer; as, an electrometrical experiment.
Electrometry (n.) The art or process of making electrical measurements.
Electro-motion (n.) The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by means of electricity.
Electro-motive (a.) Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.
Electro-motive force (Physics), The force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential.
Electromotor (n.) (Physics) A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus for generating a current of electricity.
Electromotor (n.) (Mech.) An apparatus or machine for producing motion and mechanical effects by the action of electricity; an electro-magnetic engine.
Electro-muscular (a.) (Physiol.) Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under electricity, or their sensibility to it.
Electron (n.) Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum. [archaic]
Electron (n.) (Physics & Chem.) One of the fundamental subatomic particles, having a negative charge and about one thousandth the mass of a hydrogen atom. The electron carries (or is) a natural unit of negative electricity, equal to 3.4 x 10^{-10 electrostatic units, and is classed by physicists as a lepton. Its mass is practically constant at the lesser speeds, but increases due to relativistic effects as the velocity approaches that of light. Electrons are all of one kind, so far as is known. Thus far, no structure has been detected within an electron, and it is probably one of the ultimate composite constituents of all matter. An atom or group of atoms from which an electron has been detached has a positive charge and is called a cation. Electrons are projected from the cathode of vacuum tubes (including television picture tubes) as cathode rays and from radioactive substances as the beta rays. Previously also referred to as corpuscle, an obsolete term. The motion of electrons through metallic conductors is observed as an electric current. A particle identical to the electron in mass and most other respects, but having a positive instead of a negative charge, is called a positron, or antielectron Electro-negative
Electro-negative (n.) A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis ; an anion.
Electro-negative (a.) (Chem. & Physics) Having the property of being attracted by an electro-positive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis, by the law that opposite electricities attract each other. Contrasted with neutral and electropositive
Electro-negative (a.) Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic.
Electro-negative (a.) (Physics) carrying a negative electrical charge.
Electro-negative (a.) (Chem. and Physics) Having a tendency to take up electrons and form negative ions; having a relatively positive electrode potential.
Electropathy (n.) (Med.) The treatment of disease by electricity.
Electrophone (n.) (Physics) An instrument for producing sound by means of electric currents.
Electrophori (n. pl. ) of Electrophorus.
Electrophorus (n.) An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin, shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal.
Electro-physiological (a.) (Physiol.) Pertaining to electrical results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism.
Electro-physiology (n.) (Physiol.) That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena produced through physiological agencies; it is especially concerned with electrical impulses generated by and conducted between nerves.
Electroplating (imp. & p. p.) of Electroplate.
Electroplate (v. t.) (Mech.) To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver, nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis.
Electroplater (n.) One who electroplates.
Electroplating (n.) The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of an electric current. The metal to be deposited on an article is usually used as the anode and the article to be plated as the cathode, in an electrolyte solution in which the plating metal is the cation. The process is conducted in a tank called an electroplating bath, which holds the electrolyte solution. Electropoion
Electro-polar (a.) (Physics) Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said of a conductor.
Electro-positive (a.) (Physics) Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole; -- the converse or correlative of electro-negative.
Note: An element that is electro-positive in one compound may be electro-negative in another, and vice versa.
Electro-positive (a.) (Chem.) Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished from negative, nonmetallic, or acid.
Electro-positive (n.) (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis. Electro-puncturation
Electro-puncturation (n.) Alt. of Electro-puncturing
Electro-puncturing (n.) (Med.) See Electropuncture.
Electro-puncture (n.) (Med.) An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic apparatus.
Electroscope (n.) (Physics) An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like.
Condensing electroscope (Physics), A form of electroscope in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser.
Compare: Cinematograph
Cinematograph (n.) An older name for a movie projector, a machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 frames per second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture projector; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other older names for the movie projector are animatograph, biograph, bioscope, electrograph, electroscope, kinematograph, kinetoscope, veriscope, vitagraph, vitascope, zoogyroscope, zoopraxiscope, etc.
The cinematograph, invented by Edison in 1894, is the result of the introduction of the flexible film into photography in place of glass. -- Encyc. Brit.
Cinematograph (n.) A camera for taking chronophotographs for exhibition by the instrument described above.
Electroscopic (a.) Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope.
Electrostatic (a.) Pertaining to electrostatics.
Electrostatics (n.) (Physics) That branch of science which treats of statical electricity or electric force in a state of rest.
Electro-stereotype (n.) Same as Electrotype.
Electrotype (n.) A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively.
Note: The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a solid filling of type metal.
Electrotype (v. t.) [imp. & p. p. Electrotyped; p. pr. & vb. n. Electrotyping.] To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as, to electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See Electrotype, n.
Electro-telegraphic (a.) Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it.
Electro-telegraphy (n.) The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph.
Electro-therapeutics (n.) (Med.) The branch of medical science which treats of the applications agent.
Electro-thermancy (n.) That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect of an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor, or a part of a circuit composed of two different metals.
Electro-tint (n.) (Fine Arts) A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro-typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc., receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printing.
Electrotonic (a.) (Physics) Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary. -- Faraday.
Electrotonic (a.) (Physiol.) Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic condition of a nerve.
Electrotonize (v. t.) (Physiol.) To cause or produce electrotonus.
Electrotonous (a.) Electrotonic.
Electrotonus (n.) (Physiol.) The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of electricity passes through any part of it. See Anelectrotonus, and Catelectrotonus.
Electrotype (n.) A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively.
Note: The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a solid filling of type metal.
Electrotyped (imp. & p. p.) of Electrotype.
Electrotyping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Electrotype.
Electrotype (v. t.) To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as, to electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See Electrotype, n.
Electrotyper (n.) One who electrotypes.
Electrotypic (a.) Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy.
Electrotyping (n.) The act or the process of making electrotypes.
Electrotypy (n.) The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under Electrotype, n.
Electro-vital (a.) Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to circulate in the nerves of animals.
Electro-vitalism (n.) (Physiol.) The theory that the functions of living organisms are dependent upon electricity or a kindred force.
Electron (n.) Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum. [archaic]
Electron (n.) (Physics & Chem.) One of the fundamental subatomic particles, having a negative charge and about one thousandth the mass of a hydrogen atom. The electron carries (or is) a natural unit of negative electricity, equal to 3.4 x 10^{-10 electrostatic units, and is classed by physicists as a lepton. Its mass is practically constant at the lesser speeds, but increases due to relativistic effects as the velocity approaches that of light. Electrons are all of one kind, so far as is known. Thus far, no structure has been detected within an electron, and it is probably one of the ultimate composite constituents of all matter. An atom or group of atoms from which an electron has been detached has a positive charge and is called a cation. Electrons are projected from the cathode of vacuum tubes (including television picture tubes) as cathode rays and from radioactive substances as the beta rays. Previously also referred to as corpuscle, an obsolete term. The motion of electrons through metallic conductors is observed as an electric current. A particle identical to the electron in mass and most other respects, but having a positive instead of a negative charge, is called a positron, or antielectron. Electro-negative
Electrum (n.) Amber.
Electrum (n.) An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by the ancients.
Electrum (n.) German-silver plate. See German silver, under German.
Electrum (n.) An alloy of gold and silver.
Electuaries (n. pl. ) of Electuary.
Electuary (n.) (Med.) A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See the note under Confection.
Eleemosynarily (adv.) In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably.
Eleemosynary (a.) 慈善的；施捨的；依賴救濟的 Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation.
Eleemosynary (a.) Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as, eleemosynary assistance. "Eleemosynary cures." -- Boyle.
Eleemosynary (a.) Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor.
Eleemosynaries (n. pl. ) of Eleemosynary.
Eleemosynary (n.) One who subsists on charity; a dependent. -- South. Elegance
Eleemosynary (a.) Generous in assistance to the poor; "a benevolent contributor"; "eleemosynary relief"; "philanthropic contributions" [syn: beneficent, benevolent, eleemosynary, philanthropic].
Elegance (n.) Alt. of Elegancy
Elegance (n.) 高雅，典雅，優雅 The quality of being stylish or attractive in appearance or behaviour.
Elegancy (n.) The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc.
That grace that elegance affords. -- Drayton.
The endearing elegance of female friendship. -- Johnson.
A trait of native elegance, seldom seen in the masculine character after childhood or early youth, was shown in the General's fondness for the sight and fragrance of flowers. -- Hawthorne.
Elegancy (n.) That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly attractive.
The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer elegancies of art. -- Spectator.
Syn: Elegance, Grace. Elegance implies something of a select style of beauty, which is usually produced by art, skill, or training; as, elegance of manners, composition, handwriting, etc.; elegant furniture; an elegant house, etc. Grace, as the word is here used, refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of beauty. It may be a natural gift; thus, the manners of a peasant girl may be graceful, but can hardly be called elegant.
Elegance (n.) A refined quality of gracefulness and good taste; "she conveys an aura of elegance and gentility" [ant: inelegance].
Elegance (n.) A quality of neatness and ingenious simplicity in the solution of a problem (especially in science or mathematics); "the simplicity and elegance of his invention".
Elegant (a.) Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure.
A more diligent cultivation of elegant literature. -- Prescott.
Elegant (a.) Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or sensitive to beauty; as, elegant taste.
Syn: Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome; richly ornamental.
Elegant (a.) Refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style; "elegant handwriting"; "an elegant dark suit"; "she was elegant to her fingertips"; "small churches with elegant white spires"; "an elegant mathematical solution--simple and precise and lucid" [ant: inelegant].
Suggesting taste, ease, and wealth [syn: elegant, graceful, refined] Displaying effortless beauty and simplicity in movement orexecution; "an elegant dancer"; "an elegant mathematicalsolution -- simple and precise".
Elegant (a.) (B2) 高雅的；優雅的 Graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour.
// An elegant woman.
// A very elegant suit.
// An elegant dining room.
Elegant (a.) （想法、計劃或辦法）巧妙的，簡捷的，簡練的 An elegant idea, plan, or solution is clever but simple, and therefore attractive.
Elegantly (adv.) 優美地；高雅地 In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due symmetry; richly.
Elegantly (adv.) With elegance; in a tastefully elegant manner; "the room was elegantly decorated" [ant: inelegantly].
Elegantly (adv.) In a gracefully elegant manner; "the members of these groups do not express themselves as accurately or as elegantly as their critics do".
Elegiac (a.) Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive; expressing sorrow or lamentation; as, an elegiac lay; elegiac strains.
Elegiac griefs, and songs of love. -- Mrs. Browning.
Elegiac (a.) Used in elegies; as, elegiac verse; the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter.
Elegiac (n.) Elegiac verse.
Elegiac (a.) resembling or characteristic of or appropriate to an elegy; "an elegiac poem on a friend's death".
Elegiac (a.) Expressing sorrow often for something past; "an elegiac lament for youthful ideals".
Elegiac (a.) (Literary) 輓歌（體）的 Relating to an elegy.
Elegiacal (a.) Elegiac.
Elegiast (n.) One who composes elegies. -- Goldsmith.
Elegiographer (n.) An elegist. [Obs.]
Elegist (n.) A write of elegies. -- T. Warton.
Elegist (n.) The author of a mournful poem lamenting the dead.
Elegit (n.) (Law) A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if not sufficient to satisfy the debt, all of his lands are delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and profits, or until the defendant's interest has expired.
Elegit, () Eng. practice, remedies. A writ of execution directed to the sheriff, commanding him to make delivery of a moiety of the party's land, and all his goods, beasts of the plough only excepted.
Elegit, () The sheriff, on the receipt of the writ, holds an inquest to ascertain the value of the lands and goods he has seized, and then they are delivered to the plaintiff, who retains them until the whole debt and damages have been paid and satisfied; during that term he is called tenant by elegit. Co. Litt. 289. Vide Pow. Mortg. Index, h.t.; Wats. Sher. 206. As to the law of the several states on the subject. of seizing land and extending it. see 1 Hill. Ab. 556-6.
Elegize (v. t.) To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to bewail. -- Carlyle.
Elegize (v.) Compose an elegy [syn: elegize, elegise].
Elegies (n. pl. ) of Elegy.
Elegy (n.) A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of lamentation. -- Shak.
Elegy (n.) A mournful poem; a lament for the dead [syn: elegy, lament].
Elegy (n.) A composition in verse, in which, without employing any of the methods of humor, the writer aims to produce in the reader's mind the dampest kind of dejection. The most famous English example begins somewhat like this:
The cur foretells the knell of parting day; The loafing herd winds slowly o'er the lea; The wise man homeward plods; I only stay To fiddle-faddle in a minor key.
Elegy (n.) [ C ] （尤指懷念故人或往事的）輓歌，輓詩 A sad poem or song, especially remembering someone who has died or something in the past.
// Gray's "Elegy in a Country Churchyard" is a famous English poem.
Eleidin (n.) Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells.
Element (n.) One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.
Element (n.) One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen.
Note: The elements are naturally classified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, and also equal to the number of electrons in orbitals around the nucleus when the atom is neutral. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic numbers, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known in 1890 were about seventy-five, but at that time the gaps in the Periodic law indicated the possibility of many more. All of the elements up to atomic number 100 have now been observed though some are radioactive and very unstable, and in some cases cannot be accumulated in quantity sufficient to actually see by eye. The properties predicted by the periodic law wre close to the observed properties in many cases. Additional unstable elements of atomic number over 100 are observed from time to time, prepared in cyclotrons, particle acclerators, or nuclear reactors, and some of their properties are measurable by careful observation of microscopic quantities, as few as several atoms. For such unstable elements, the properties are now predicted primarily by calculations based on quantum mechanics. Such theories suggest that there may be an "island" of relative stability of elements of atomic number over 120, but this has yet to be confirmed by experiment. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. The chemical elements are now known not be simple bodies, but only combinations of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons; ahd protons and neutrons are now believed to be themselves combinations of quarks, particles which are not observed singly, but only in combinations. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin, given in the table below.
Chemical atomic weights, In some cases being the weighted average of the atomic weights of individual isotopes, each having a different atomic weight. The atomic weight of the individual isotopes are called the physical atomic weights. In those few cases where there is only one stable isotope of an element, the chemical and physical atomic weights are the same. The mass-spectrometric atomic weights are those used for careful mass-spectrometric measurements. For more details about individual elements, see the element names in the vocabulary The Elements
Note: Several other elements have been announced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established.
Element (n.) One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite.
The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn. -- Jowett (Thucyd.).
Element (n.) One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb.
Element (n.) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber.
Element (n.) (Biol.) One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed.