Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter D - Page 94
Dragees (n. pl.) (Pharmacy) Sugar-coated medicines.
Draggled (imp. & p. p.) of Draggle.
Draggling (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Draggle.
Draggle (v. t.) To wet and soil by dragging on the ground, mud, or wet grass; to drabble; to trail. -- Gray.
With draggled nets down-hanging to the tide. -- Trench.
Draggle (v. i.) To be dragged on the ground; to become wet or dirty by being dragged or trailed in the mud or wet grass. -- Hudibras.
Draggle (v.) Make wet and dirty, as from rain [syn: bedraggle, draggle].
Draggle-tail (n.) A slattern who suffers her gown to trail in the mire; a drabble-tail.
Draggle-tailed (a.) Untidy; sluttish; slatternly. -- W. Irving. Drag line
Dragbar (n.) Same as Drawbar (b) . Called also draglink, and drawlink. [U. S.]
Draglink (n.) (Mach.) A link connecting the cranks of two shafts.
Draglink (n.) (Mach.) A drawbar.
Dragmen (n. pl. ) of Dragman.
Dragman (n.) A fisherman who uses a dragnet. -- Sir M. Hale.
Dragnet (n.) A net to be drawn along the bottom of a body of water, as in fishing.
Dragnet (n.) A system of coordinated measures for apprehending (criminals or other individuals); "caught in the police dragnet".
Dragnet (n.) A conical fishnet dragged through the water at great depths.
[syn: trawl, dragnet, trawl net].
Dragomans (n. pl. ) of Dragoman.
Dragoman (n.) An interpreter; -- so called in the Levant and other parts of the East.
Dragoman (n.) An interpreter and guide in the Near East; in the Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries a translator of European languages for the Turkish and Arab authorities and most dragomans were Greek (many reached high positions in the government).
Dragon (n.) (Myth.) A fabulous animal, generally represented as a monstrous winged serpent or lizard, with a crested head and enormous claws, and regarded as very powerful and ferocious.
The dragons which appear in early paintings and sculptures are invariably representations of a winged crocodile. -- Fairholt.
Note: In Scripture the term dragon refers to any great monster, whether of the land or sea, usually to some kind of serpent or reptile, sometimes to land serpents of a powerful and deadly kind. It is also applied metaphorically to Satan.
Thou breakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. -- Ps. lxxiv. 13.
Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample
under feet. -- Ps. xci. 13.
He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years. -- Rev. xx. 2.
Dragon (n.) A fierce, violent person, esp. a woman. -- Johnson.
Dragon (n.) (Astron.) A constellation of the northern hemisphere figured as a dragon; Draco.
Dragon (n.) A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds, seeming to move through the air as a winged serpent.
Dragon (n.) (Mil. Antiq.) A short musket hooked to a swivel attached to a soldier's belt; -- so called from a representation of a dragon's head at the muzzle. -- Fairholt.
Dragon (n.) (Zool.) A small arboreal lizard of the genus Draco, of several species, found in the East Indies and Southern Asia. Five or six of the hind ribs, on each side, are prolonged and covered with weblike skin, forming a sort of wing. These prolongations aid them in making long leaps from tree to tree. Called also flying lizard.
Dragon (n.) (Zool.) A variety of carrier pigeon.
Dragon (n.) (Her.) A fabulous winged creature, sometimes borne as a charge in a coat of arms.
Note: Dragon is often used adjectively, or in combination, in the sense of relating to, resembling, or characteristic of, a dragon.
Dragon arum (Bot.), The name of several species of Aris[ae]ma, a genus of plants having a spathe and spadix. See Dragon root(below).
Dragon fish (Zool.), The dragonet.
Dragon fly (Zool.), Any insect of the family Libellulid[ae]. They have finely formed, large and strongly reticulated wings, a large head with enormous eyes, and a long body; -- called also mosquito hawks.
Their larv[ae] are aquatic and insectivorous.
Dragon root (Bot.), An American aroid plant ({Aris[ae]ma Dracontium); green dragon.
Dragon's blood, A resinous substance obtained from the fruit of several species of Calamus, esp. from Calamus Rotang and Calamus Draco, growing in the East Indies. A substance known as dragon's blood is obtained by exudation from Drac[ae]na Draco; also from Pterocarpus Draco, a tree of the West Indies and South America. The color is red, or a dark brownish red, and it is used chiefly for coloring varnishes, marbles, etc. Called also Cinnabar Gr[ae]corum.
Dragon's head. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Dracocephalum. They are perennial herbs closely allied to the common catnip.
Dragon's head. (Astron.) The ascending node of a planet, indicated, chiefly in almanacs, by the symbol ?. The deviation from the ecliptic made by a planet in passing from one node to the other seems, according to the fancy of some, to make a figure like that of a dragon, whose belly is where there is the greatest latitude; the intersections representing the head and tail; -- from which resemblance the denomination arises. -- Encyc. Brit.
Dragon shell (Zool.), A species of limpet.
Dragon's skin, Fossil stems whose leaf scars somewhat resemble the scales of reptiles; -- a name used by miners and quarrymen. -- Stormonth.
Dragon's tail (Astron.), The descending node of a planet, indicated by the symbol ?. See Dragon's head (above).
Dragon's wort (Bot.), A plant of the genus Artemisia ({Artemisia dracunculus).
Dragon tree (Bot.), A West African liliaceous tree ({Drac[ae]na Draco), yielding one of the resins called dragon's blood. See Drac[ae]na.
Dragon water, A medicinal remedy very popular in the earlier half of the 17th century. "Dragon water may do good upon him." -- Randolph (1640).
Flying dragon, A large meteoric fireball; a bolide.
Dragon (n.) A creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings [syn: dragon, firedrake].
Dragon (n.) A fiercely vigilant and unpleasant woman [syn: dragon, tartar].
Dragon (n.) A faint constellation twisting around the north celestial pole and lying between Ursa Major and Cepheus [syn: Draco, Dragon].
Dragon (n.) Any of several small tropical Asian lizards capable of gliding by spreading winglike membranes on each side of the body [syn: dragon, flying dragon, flying lizard].
Dragonet (n.) A little dragon. -- Spenser.
Dragonet (n.) (Zool.) A small British marine fish ({Callionymuslyra); -- called also yellow sculpin, fox, and gowdie.
Dragonet (n.) Small often brightly colored scaleless marine bottom-dwellers; found in tropical and warm temperate waters of Europe and America.
Dragonfly (n.) 蜻蜓 [C] Slender-bodied non-stinging insect having iridescent wings that are outspread at rest; adults and nymphs feed on mosquitoes etc. [syn: {dragonfly}, {darning needle}, {devil's darning needle}, {sewing needle}, {snake feeder}, {snake doctor}, {mosquito hawk}, {skeeter hawk}].
Dragonish (a.) Resembling a dragon. -- Shak.
Dragonlike (a.) Like a dragon. -- Shak.
Dragonnade (n.) The severe persecution of French Protestants under Louis XIV., by an armed force, usually of dragoons; hence, a rapid and devastating incursion; dragoonade.
He learnt it as he watched the dragonnades, the tortures, the massacres of the Netherlands. -- C. Kingsley. Dragon's head; Dragon's blood
Dragon's blood () Alt. of Dragon's tail.
Dragon's head () Alt. of Dragon's tail.
Dragon's tail () See Dragon's blood, Dragon's head, etc., under Dragon.
Dragoon (n.) (Mil.) Formerly, a soldier who was taught and armed to serve either on horseback or on foot; now, a mounted soldier; a cavalry man.
Dragoon (n.) A variety of pigeon. -- Clarke.
Dragoon bird (Zool.), The umbrella bird.
Dragooned (imp. & p. p.) of Dragoon.
Dragooning (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Dragoon.
Dragoon (v. t.) To harass or reduce to subjection by dragoons; to persecute by abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.
Dragoon (v. t.) To compel submission by violent measures; to harass; to persecute.
The colonies may be influenced to anything, but they can be dragooned to nothing. -- Price.
Lewis the Fourteenth is justly censured for trying to dragoon his subjects to heaven. -- Macaulay.
Dragoon (n.) A member of a European military unit formerly composed of heavily armed cavalrymen
Dragoon (v.) Compel by coercion, threats, or crude means; "They sandbagged him to make dinner for everyone" [syn: dragoon, sandbag, railroad].
Dragoon (v.) Subjugate by imposing troops.
DRAGOON, () A distributed, concurrent, object-oriented Ada-based language developed in the Esprit DRAGON project by Colin Atkinson at Imperial College in 1989 (Now at University of Houston, Clear Lake). DRAGOON supports object-oriented programming for embeddable systems and is presently implemented as an Ada preprocessor.
["Object-Oriented Reuse, Concurrency and Distribution: An Ada-Based Approach", C. Atkinson, A-W 1991, ISBN 0-2015-6-5277]. (1999-11-22)
DRAGOON, (n.) A soldier who combines dash and steadiness in so equal measure that he makes his advances on foot and his retreats on horseback.
Dragoonade (n.) See Dragonnade.
Dragooner (n.) A dragoon. [Obs.]
Drail (v. t. & i.) To trail; to draggle. [Obs.] -- South.
Drained (imp. & p. p.) of Drain.
Draining (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Drain.
Drain (v. t.) To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off; hence, to cause the exhaustion of.
Fountains drain the water from the ground adjacent. -- Bacon.
But it was not alone that the he drained their treasure and hampered their industry. -- Motley.
Drain (v. t.) To exhaust of liquid contents by drawing them off; to make gradually dry or empty; to remove surface water, as from streets, by gutters, etc.; to deprive of moisture; hence, to exhaust; to empty of wealth, resources, or the like; as, to drain a country of its specie.
Sinking waters, the firm land to drain, Filled the capacious deep and formed the main. -- Roscommon.
Drain (v. t.) To filter.
Salt water, drained through twenty vessels of earth, hath become fresh. -- Bacon.
Drain (v. i.) To flow gradually; as, the water of low ground drains off.
Drain (v. i.) To become emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping; as, let the vessel stand and drain.
Drain (n.) The act of draining, or of drawing off; gradual and continuous outflow or withdrawal; as, the drain of specie from a country ; the project is a drain on resources.
Drain (n.) That means of which anything is drained; a channel; a trench; a water course; a sewer; a sink.
Drain (n.) pl. The grain from the mashing tub; as, brewers' drains. [Eng.] -- Halliwell.
Box drain, Counter drain. See under Box, Counter.
Right of drain (Law), An easement or servitude by which one man has a right to convey water in pipes through or over the estate of another. -- Kent.
Drain (n.) Emptying something accomplished by allowing liquid to run out of it [syn: drain, drainage].
Drain (n.) Tube inserted into a body cavity (as during surgery) to remove unwanted material.
Drain (n.) A pipe through which liquid is carried away [syn: drain, drainpipe, waste pipe].
Drain (n.) A gradual depletion of energy or resources; "a drain on resources"; "a drain of young talent by emigration".
Drain (v.) Flow off gradually; "The rain water drains into this big vat" [syn: drain, run out].
Drain (v.) Deplete of resources; "The exercise class drains me of energy".
Drain (v.) Empty of liquid; drain the liquid from; "We drained the oil tank".
Drain (v.) Make weak; "Life in the camp drained him" [syn: enfeeble, debilitate, drain].
Drain (v.) [IBM] Syn. for flush (sense 2). Has a connotation of finality about it; one speaks of draining a device before taking it offline.
Drain, () (IBM) To allow a system to complete the processing of its current work before the system becomes unavailable.
E.g. draining a device before taking it off-line or telling a web server in a server farm not to accept any new requests but to finish processing any requests it has already accepted. [{Jargon File] (2005-07-18)
DRAIN. () Conveying the water from one place to another, for the purpose of drying the former.
DRAIN. () The right of draining water through another map's land. This is an easement or servitude acquired by grant or prescription. Vide 3 Kent, Com. 436 7 Mann. & Gr. 354; Jus aguaeductus; Rain water; Stillicidium.
Drain, OR -- U.S. city in Oregon
Population (2000): 1021
Housing Units (2000): 441
Land area (2000): 0.543369 sq. miles (1.407318 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.543369 sq. miles (1.407318 sq. km)
FIPS code: 20500
Located within: Oregon (OR), FIPS 41
Location: 43.661647 N, 123.314808 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 97435
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Drain, OR
Drain
Drainable (a.) Capable of being drained.
Drainage (n.) A draining; a gradual flowing off of any liquid; also, that which flows out of a drain.
Drainage (n.) The mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams and rivers.
Drainage (n.) (Engin.) The system of drains and their operation, by which superfluous water is removed from towns, railway beds, mines, and other works.
Drainage (n.) Area or district drained; as, the drainage of the Po, the Thames, etc. -- Latham.
Drainage (n.) (Surg.) The act, process, or means of drawing off the pus or fluids from a wound, abscess, etc.
Drainage tube (Surg.), A tube introduced into a wound, etc., to draw off the discharges.
Drainage (n.) Emptying something accomplished by allowing liquid to run out of it [syn: drain, drainage].
Draine (n.) [F.] (Zool.) The missel thrush.
Drainer (n.) One who, or that which, drains.
Draining (vb. n. of Drain, v. t.) (Agric.) The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.
Draining tile. Same as Draintile.
Draining (a.) Having a debilitating effect; "an exhausting job in the hot sun" [syn: draining, exhausting].
Drainpipe (n.) A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.
Drainpipe (n.) A pipe through which liquid is carried away [syn: drain, drainpipe, waste pipe].
Draintile (n.) A hollow tile used in making drains; -- called also draining tile.
Draintrap (n.) See 4th Trap, 5.
Drake (n.) The male of the duck kind.
Drake (n.) The drake fly.
The drake will mount steeple height into the air. -- Walton.
Drake fly, A kind of fly, sometimes used in angling.
The dark drake fly, Good in August. -- Walton.
Drake (n.) A dragon. [Obs.]
Beowulf resolves to kill the drake. -- J. A. Harrison (Beowulf).
Drake (n.) A small piece of artillery. [Obs.]
Two or three shots, made at them by a couple of drakes, made them stagger. -- Clarendon.
Drake (n.) Wild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also drawk, dravick, and drank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Dr. Prior.
Drake (n.) English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596) [syn: Drake, Francis Drake, Sir Francis Drake]
Drake (n.) Adult male of a wild or domestic duck.
Drake, ND -- U.S. city in North Dakota
Population (2000): 322
Housing Units (2000): 201
Land area (2000): 1.973850 sq. miles (5.112249 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.047390 sq. miles (0.122740 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 2.021240 sq. miles (5.234989 sq. km)
FIPS code: 20300
Located within: North Dakota (ND), FIPS 38
Location: 47.923793 N, 100.371284 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 58736
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Drake, ND
Drake
Drakestone (n.) A flat stone so thrown along the surface of water as to skip from point to point before it sinks; also, the sport of so throwing stones; -- sometimes called ducks and drakes.
Internal earthquakes, that, not content with one throe, run along spasmodically, like boys playing at what is called drakestone. -- De Quincey.
Dram (n.) 打蘭（重量名）；一杯；微量；動態隨機存取存儲器 A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains.
Dram (n.) A minute quantity; a mite.
Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing. -- Milton.
Dram (n.) As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison. -- Shak.
Dram (n.) (Numis.) 大流克 （是阿契美尼德王朝發行的一種純金貨幣） A Persian daric. -- Ezra ii. 69.
Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm. See under Fluid.
Dram (n.) [ C ] (Mainly Scottish English) 少量酒（尤指威士卡等烈酒） A small amount of a strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky.
// A dram of whisky.
Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) (n.) 動態隨機存取記憶體 Is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged; these two states are taken to represent the two values of a bit, conventionally called 0 and 1. Since even "nonconducting" transistors always leak a small amount, the capacitors will slowly discharge, and the information eventually fades unless the capacitor charge is refreshed periodically. Because of this refresh requirement, it is a dynamic memory as opposed to static random-access memory (SRAM) and other static types of memory. Unlike flash memory, DRAM is volatile memory (vs. non-volatile memory), since it loses its data quickly when power is removed. However, DRAM does exhibit limited data remanence.
Dram (v. i. & t.) 一點一點地連續飲（酒） To drink drams; to ply with drams. [Low] -- Johnson. --Thackeray. DRAM
DRAM, D-RAM (n.) (Computers) Same as dynamic RAM. [acron.]
Syn: dynamic RAM.
Dram (n.) A unit of apothecary weight equal to an eighth of an ounce or to 60 grains [syn: dram, drachm, drachma].
Dram (n.) 1/16 ounce or 1.771 grams.
Dram (n.) The basic unit of money in Armenia.
DRAM, () Dynamic Random Access Memory (RAM, IC).
Dynamic random-access memory
DRAM
Dynamic RAM
(DRAM) A type of semiconductor memory in which the information is stored in capacitors on a MOS integrated circuit.
Typically each bit is stored as an amount of electrical charge in a storage cell consisting of a capacitor and a transistor. Due to leakage the capacitor discharges gradually and the memory cell loses the information.
Therefore, to preserve the information, the memory has to be refreshed periodically. Despite this inconvenience, the DRAM is a very popular memory technology because of its high density and consequent low price.
The first commercially available DRAM chip was the Intel 1103, introduced in 1970.
Early DRAM chips, containing up to a 16k x 1 (16384 locations of one bit each), needed 3 supply voltages (+5V, -5V and +12V). Beginning with the 64 kilobit chips, charge pumps were included on-chip to create the necessary supply voltages out of a single +5V supply. This was necessary to fit the device into a 16-pin DIL package, which was the preferred package at the time, and also made them easier to use.
To reduce the pin count, thereby helping miniaturisation, DRAMs generally had a single data line which meant that a computer with an N bit wide data bus needed a "bank" of (at least) N DRAM chips. In a bank, the address and control signals of all chips were common and the data line of each chip was connected to one of the data bus lines.
Beginning with the 256 kilobit DRAM, a tendency toward surface mount packaging arose and DRAMs with more than one data line appeared (e.g. 64k x 4), reducing the number of chips per bank. This trend has continued and DRAM chips with up to 36 data lines are available today. Furthermore, together with surface mount packages, memory manufacturers began to offer memory modules, where a bank of memory chips was preassembled on a little printed circuit board (SIP = Single Inline Pin Module, SIMM = Single Inline Memory Module, DIMM = Dual Inline Memory Module). Today, this is the preferred way to buy memory for workstations and personal computers.
DRAM bit cells are arranged on a chip in a grid of rows and columns where the number of rows and columns are usually a power of two. Often, but not always, the number of rows and columns is the same. A one megabit device would then have 1024 x 1024 memory cells. A single memory cell can be selected by a 10-bit row address and a 10-bit column address.
To access a memory cell, one entire row of cells is selected and its contents are transferred into an on-chip buffer. This discharges the storage capacitors in the bit cells. The desired bits are then read or written in the buffer. The (possibly altered) information is finally written back into the selected row, thereby refreshing all bits (recharging the capacitors) in the row.
To prevent data loss, all bit cells in the memory need to be refreshed periodically. This can be done by reading all rows in regular intervals. Most DRAMs since 1970 have been specified such that one of the rows needs to be refreshed at least every 15.625 microseconds. For a device with 1024 rows, a complete refresh of all rows would then take up to 16 ms; in other words, each cell is guaranteed to hold the data for 16 ms without refresh. Devices with more rows have accordingly longer retention times.
Many varieties of DRAM exist today. They differ in the way they are interfaced to the system - the structure of the memory cell itself is essentially the same.
"Traditional" DRAMs have multiplexed address lines and separate data inputs and outputs. There are three control signals: RAS\ (row address strobe), CAS\ (column address strobe), and WE\ (write enable) (the backslash indicates an active low signal). Memory access procedes as follows:
1. The control signals initially all being inactive (high), a memory cycle is started with the row address applied to the address inputs and a falling edge of RAS\ . This latches the row address and "opens" the row, transferring the data in the row to the buffer. The row address can then be removed from the address inputs since it is latched on-chip.
2. With RAS\ still active, the column address is applied to the address pins and CAS\ is made active as well. This selects the desired bit or bits in the row which subsequently appear at the data output(s). By additionally activating WE\ the data applied to the data inputs can be written into the selected location in the buffer.
3. Deactivating CAS\ disables the data input and output again.
4. Deactivating RAS\ causes the data in the buffer to be written back into the memory array.
Certain timing rules must be obeyed to guarantee reliable operation.
1. RAS\ must remain inactivate for a while before the next memory cycle is started to provide sufficient time for the storage capacitors to charge (Precharge Time).
2. It takes some time from the falling edge of the RAS\ or CAS\ signals until the data appears at the data output. This is specified as the Row Access Time and the Column Access Time. Current DRAM's have Row Access Times of 50-100 ns and Column Access Times of 15-40 ns. Speed grades usually refer to the former, more important figure.
Note that the Memory Cycle Time, which is the minimum time from the beginning of one access to the beginning of the next, is longer than the Row Access Time (because of the Precharge Time).
Multiplexing the address pins saves pins on the chip, but usually requires additional logic in the system to properly generate the address and control signals, not to mention further logic for refresh. Therefore, DRAM chips are usually preferred when (because of the required memory size) the additional cost for the control logic is outweighed by the lower price.
Based on these principles, chip designers have developed many varieties to improve performance or ease system integration of DRAMs:
PSRAMs (Pseudo Static Random Access Memory) are essentially DRAMs with a built-in address multiplexor and refresh controller. This saves some system logic and makes the device look like a normal SRAM. This has been popular as a lower cost alternative for SRAM in embedded systems. It is not a complete SRAM substitute because it is sometimes busy when doing self-refresh, which can be tedious.
Nibble Mode DRAM can supply four successive bits on one data line by clocking the CAS\ line.
Page Mode DRAM is a standard DRAM where any number of accesses to the currently open row can be made while the RAS signal is kept active.
Static Column DRAM is similar to Page Mode DRAM, but to access different bits in the open row, only the column address needs to be changed while the CAS\ signal stays active. The row buffer essentially behaves like SRAM.
Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO DRAM) can continue to output data from one address while setting up a new address, for use in pipelined systems.
DRAM
used for Video RAM ({VRAM) has an additional long shift register that can be
loaded from the row buffer. The shift register can be regarded as a
second interface to the memory that can be operated in parallel to the normal
interface. This is especially useful in frame buffers for CRT displays.
These frame buffers generate a serial data stream that is sent to the CRT to
modulate the electron beam.
By using the shift register in the VRAM to generate this stream, the memory is
available to the computer through the normal interface most of the time for
updating the display data, thereby speeding up display data manipulations.
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) adds a separate clock signal to the control signals. It allows more complex state machines on the chip and high speed "burst" accesses that clock a series of successive bits out (similar to the nibble mode).
CDRAM (Cached DRAM) adds a separate static RAM array used for caching. It essentially combines main memory and cache memory in a single chip. The cache memory controller needs to be added externally.
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) changes the system interface of DRAM completely. A byte-wide bus is used for address, data and command transfers. The bus operates at very high speed: 500 million transfers per second. The chip operates synchronously with a 250MHz clock. Data is transferred at both rising and falling edges of the clock. A system with signals at such frequencies must be very carefully designed, and the signals on the Rambus Channel use nonstandard signal levels, making it incompatible with standard system logic. These disadvantages are compensated by a very fast data transfer, especially for burst accesses to a block of successive locations.
A number of different refresh modes can be included in some of the above device varieties:
RAS\ only refresh: a row is refreshed by an ordinary read access without asserting CAS\. The data output remains disabled.
CAS\ before RAS\ refresh: the device has a built-in counter for the refresh row address. By activating CAS\ before activating RAS\, this counter is selected to supply the row address instead of the address inputs.
Self-Refresh: The device is able to generate refresh cycles internally. No external control signal transitions other than those for bringing the device into self-refresh mode are needed to maintain data integrity. (1996-07-11)
Dram, () The Authorized Version understood the word 'adarkonim (1 Chr. 29:7; Ezra 8:27), and the similar word darkomnim (Ezra 2:69; Neh. 7:70), as equivalent to the Greek silver coin the drachma. But the Revised Version rightly regards it as the Greek dareikos, a Persian gold coin (the daric) of the value of about 1 pound, 2s., which was first struck by Darius, the son of Hystaspes, and was current in Western Asia long after the fall of the Persian empire. (See DARIC.)
Drama (n.) 戲劇，劇本，戲劇性的事件 A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage.
A divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon. -- Milton.
Drama (n.) A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and interest. "The drama of war." --Thackeray.
Westward the course of empire takes its way; The four first acts already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day; Time's noblest offspring is the last. -- Berkeley.
The drama and contrivances of God's providence. -- Sharp.
Drama (n.) Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or illustrating it; dramatic literature.
Note: The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, melodrama, operas, burlettas, and farces.
The romantic drama, the kind of drama whose aim is to present a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by actors on the stage. -- J. A. Symonds. Dramatic
Drama (n.) A dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; "he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway" [syn: play, drama, dramatic play].
Drama (n.) An episode that is turbulent or highly emotional [syn: drama, dramatic event].
Drama (n.) The literary genre of works intended for the theater.
Drama (n.) The quality of being arresting or highly emotional.
Dramatic (a.) 戲劇的，劇本的；戲劇性的，引人注目的，激動人心的 Alt. of Dramatical.
Dramatical (a.) 劇烈的，戲劇的Of or pertaining to the drama; as, dramatic arts.
Dramatical (a.) Suitable to or characteristic of or having the qualities of, a drama; theatrical; as, a dramatic entrance in a swirling cape; a dramatic rescue at sea. Opposite of undramatic.
[Narrower terms: melodramatic; awe-inspiring, spectacular].
The emperor . . . performed his part with much dramatic effect. -- Motley.
Dramatical (a.) Striking in appearance or effect; vivid; having a thrilling effect; as, a dramatic sunset; a dramatic pause.
Syn: spectacular, striking.
Dramatical (a.) (Music) Marked by power and expressiveness and a histrionic or theatrical style; -- of a singer or singing voice; as, a dramatic tenor; a dramatic soprano. Contrasted to lyric.
Dramatic (a.) Suitable to or characteristic of drama; "a dramatic entrance in a swirling cape"; "a dramatic rescue at sea" [ant: undramatic].
Dramatic (a.) Sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect; "a dramatic sunset"; "a dramatic pause"; "a spectacular display of northern lights"; "it was a spectacular play"; "his striking good looks always created a sensation" [syn: dramatic, spectacular, striking].
Dramatic (a.) Pertaining to or characteristic of drama; "dramatic arts".
Dramatic (a.) Used of a singer or singing voice that is marked by power and expressiveness and a histrionic or theatrical style; "a dramatic tenor"; "a dramatic soprano" [ant: lyric].
Dramatically (adv.) 從戲劇角度；戲劇性地，顯著地 In a dramatic manner; theatrically; vividly.
Dramatically (adv.) In a very impressive manner; "your performance will improve dramatically".
Dramatically (adv.) In a dramatic manner; "he confessed dramatically" [ant: undramatically].
Dramatically (adv.) With respect to dramatic value; "the play was dramatically interesting, but the direction was bad".
Dramatise (v.) (【英】= dramatize) Put into dramatic form; "adopt a book for a screenplay" [syn: {dramatize}, {dramatise}, {adopt}].
Dramatise (v.) Represent something in a dramatic manner; "These events dramatize the lack of social responsibility among today's youth" [syn: {dramatize}, {dramatise}].
Dramatise (v.) Add details to [syn: {embroider}, {pad}, {lard}, {embellish}, {aggrandize}, {aggrandise}, {blow up}, {dramatize}, {dramatise}].
Dramatis personae () [L.] The actors in a drama or play.
Dramatis personae (n.) The actors in a play [syn: cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae].
Dramatist (n.) 劇作家 The author of a dramatic composition; a writer of plays.
Dramatist ( n.) Someone who writes plays [syn: dramatist, playwright].
DRAMATIST, (n.) One who adapts plays from the French.
Dramatizable (a.) Capable of being dramatized.
Dramatization (n.) Act of dramatizing ; a dramatic representation.
Dramatization (n.) Conversion into dramatic form; "the play was a dramatization of a short story" [syn: dramatization, dramatisation].
Dramatization (n.) A dramatic representation [syn: dramatization, dramatisation].
Dramatized (imp. & p. p.) 將（小說或事件）改編成劇本( dramatize的過去式和過去分詞 )；使（事情）戲劇化，誇張； Of Dramatize.
Dramatizing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Dramatize.
Dramatize (v. t.) 改編成戲劇，編寫劇本 To compose in the form of the drama; to represent in a drama; to adapt to dramatic representation; as, to dramatize a novel, or an historical episode.
They dramatized tyranny for public execration. -- Motley.
Dramatize (v.) (v. i.) 戲劇式地表現 Put into dramatic form; "adopt a book for a screenplay" [syn: {dramatize}, {dramatise}, {adopt}].
Dramatize (v.) Represent something in a dramatic manner; "These events dramatize the lack of social responsibility among today's youth" [syn: {dramatize}, {dramatise}].
Dramatize (v.) Add details to [syn: {embroider}, {pad}, {lard}, {embellish}, {aggrandize}, {aggrandise}, {blow up}, {dramatize}, {dramatise}].
Dramaturgic (a.) 戲劇作法的，演出的 Relating to dramaturgy.
Dramaturgic (a.) Relating to the technical aspects of drama [syn: dramaturgic, dramaturgical].
Dramaturgist (n.) 劇本作者，編劇；劇作家 One versed in dramaturgy. -- Carlyle.
Dramaturgy (n.) 編劇法；演出法 The art of dramatic composition and representation.
Dramaturgy (n.) The art of writing and producing plays [syn: dramaturgy, dramatic art, dramatics, theater, theatre].
Dramming (n.) The practice of drinking drams.
Dramseller (n.) One who sells distilled liquors by the dram or glass.
Dramshop (n.) A shop or barroom where spirits are sold by the dram.
Drake (n.) Wild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also drawk, dravick, and drank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Dr. Prior.
Drank (imp.) of Drink.
Drank (n.) Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Prov. Eng.] -- Halliwell.
Drink (v. i.) [imp. Drank, formerly Drunk; & p. p. Drunk, Drunken (-'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Drinking. Drunken is now rarely used, except as a verbal adj. in sense of habitually intoxicated; the form drank, not infrequently used as a p. p., is not so analogical.] [AS. drincan; akin to OS. drinkan, D. drinken, G. trinken, Icel. drekka, Sw. dricka, Dan. drikke, Goth. drigkan. Cf. Drench, Drunken, Drown.] To swallow anything liquid, for quenching thirst or other purpose; to imbibe; to receive or partake of, as if in satisfaction of thirst; as, to drink from a spring.
Gird thyself, and serve me, till have eaten and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink. -- Luke xvii. 8.
He shall drink of the wrath the Almighty. -- Job xxi. 20.
Drink of the cup that can not cloy. -- Keble.
Drink (v. i.) To quaff exhilarating or intoxicating liquors, in merriment or feasting; to carouse; to revel; hence, to lake alcoholic liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the ?se of intoxicating or spirituous liquors; to tipple. -- Pope.
And they drank, and were merry with him. -- Gem. xliii. 34.
Bolingbroke always spoke freely when he had drunk freely. --Thackeray.
To drink to, To salute in drinking; to wish well to, in the act of taking the cup; to pledge in drinking.
I drink to the general joy of the whole table, And to our dear friend Banquo. -- Shak.
Drap d'ete () A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.
Draped (imp. & p. p.) of Drape.
Draping (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Drape.
Drape (v. t.) To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery; as, to drape a bust, a building, etc.
The whole people were draped professionally. -- De Quincey.
These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white, Soft falling, falling, through the night, Have draped the woods and mere. -- Bungay.
Drape (v. t.) To rail at; to banter. [Obs.] -- Sir W. Temple.
Drape (v. i.) To make cloth. [Obs.] -- Bacon.
Drape (v. i.) To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings, costumes, statues, etc.
Drape (n.) Hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window) [syn: curtain, drape, drapery, mantle, pall].
Drape (n.) The manner in which fabric hangs or falls; "she adjusted the drape of her skirt".
Drape (n.) A sterile covering arranged over a patient's body during a medical examination or during surgery in order to reduce the possibility of contamination.
Drape (v.) Arrange in a particular way; "drape a cloth".
Drape (v.) Place casually; "The cat draped herself on the sofa".
Drape (v.) Cover as if with clothing; "the mountain was clothed in tropical trees" [syn: clothe, cloak, drape, robe].
Drape (v.) Cover or dress loosely with cloth; "drape the statue with a Sheet".