Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter C - Page 39
Chaise (n.) Loosely, a carriage in general. -- Cowper.
Chaise (n.) A long chair; for reclining [syn: chaise longue, chaise, daybed].
Chaise (n.) A carriage consisting of two wheels and a calash top; drawn by a single horse [syn: chaise, shay].
Compare: Kamichi
Kamichi (n.) (Zool.) A curious South American bird ({Anhima or Palamedea cornuta), often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is related in anatomical characters to the ducks and geese ({Anseres). Called also horned screamer. The name is sometimes applied also to the chaja. See Chaja, and Screamer.
Chaja (n.) [Native name.] (Zool.) The crested screamer of Brazil ({Palamedea chavaria syn. Chauna chavaria), so called in imitation of its notes; -- called also chauna, and faithful kamichi. It is often domesticated and is useful in guarding other poultry. See Kamichi.
Chaja (n.) Largest crested screamer; native to southern Brazil and Argentina [syn: chaja, Chauna torquata].
Chalazas (n. pl. ) of Chalaza.
Chalazae (n. pl. ) of Chalaza.
Chalaza (n.) The place on an ovule, or seed, where its outer coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.
Chalaza (n.) A spiral band of thickened albuminous substance which exists in the white of the bird's egg, and serves to maintain the yolk in its position; the treadle.
Chalazal (a.) Of or pertaining to the chalaza.
Chalaze (n.) Same as Chalaza.
Chalaziferous (a.) Having or bearing chalazas.
Chalazion (n.) A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by retention of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian glands.
Chalcanthite (n.) Native blue vitriol. See Blue vitriol, under Blue.
Chalcedonic (a.) Of or pertaining to chalcedony.
Chalcedonies (n. pl. ) of Chalcedony.
Chalcedony (n.) A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax.
Chalchihuitl (n.) The Mexican name for turquoise. See Turquoise.
Chalcid fly () One of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects (Chalcididae. Many are gallflies, others are parasitic on insects.
Chalcidian (n.) One of a tropical family of snakelike lizards (Chalcidae), having four small or rudimentary legs.
Chalcocite (n.) Native copper sulphide, called also copper glance, and vitreous copper; a mineral of a black color and metallic luster.
Chalcographer (n.) Alt. of Chalcographist.
Chalcographist (n.) An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper plates for printing upon paper.
Chalcography (n.) The act or art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving for printing.
Chalcopyrite (n.) Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a common ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass yellow color.
Chaldaic (a.) Of or pertaining to Chaldea.
Chaldaic (n.) The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.
Chaldaism (n.) An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.
Chaldean (a.) Of or pertaining to Chaldea.
Chaldean (n.) A native or inhabitant of Chaldea.
Chaldean (n.) A learned man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations, because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by the Chaldeans.
Chaldean (n.) Nestorian.
Chaldee (a.) Of or pertaining to Chaldea.
Chaldee (n.) The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the Aramaic used in Chaldea.
Chaldrich (n.) Alt. of Chalder.
Chalder (n.) A kind of bird; the oyster catcher.
Chaldron (n.) An English dry measure, being, at London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and coke.
Chalet (n.) A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland.
Chalet (n.) A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss cottages.
Chalice (n.) A cup or bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.
Chaliced (a.) Having a calyx or cup; cup-shaped.
Chalk (n.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same composition as common limestone.
Chalk (n.) Finely prepared chalk, used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a compound, as of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See Crayon.
Chalked (imp. & p. p.) of Chalk.
Chalking (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Chalk.
Chalk (v. t.) To rub or mark with chalk.
Chalk (v. t.) To manure with chalk, as land.
Chalk (v. t.) To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to bleach.
Chalkcutter (n.) A man who digs chalk.
Chalkiness (n.) The state of being chalky.
Chalkstone (n.) A mass of chalk.
Chalkstone (n.) A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in those affected with gout; a tophus.
Chalky (a.) Consisting of, or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a chalky cliff; a chalky taste.
Challenge (n.) 挑戰；邀請比賽 [C] [+to-v]；質疑；指責；異議 [C] An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons.
A challenge to controversy. -- Goldsmith.
Challenge (n.) The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.
Challenge (n.) A claim or demand. [Obs.]
There must be no challenge of superiority. -- Collier.
Challenge (n.) (Hunting) The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game.
Challenge (n.) (Law) An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. --Blackstone
Challenge (n.) An exception to a person as not legally qualified to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [U. S.]
Challenge to the array (Law), An exception to the whole panel.
Challenge to the favor, The alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to decide upon it.
Challenge to the polls, An exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors returned.
Peremptory
challenge, A
privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a certain number of
jurors (fixed by statute in different States) without assigning any cause.
Principal challenge, That which the law allows to be sufficient if found
to be true.
Challenged (imp. & p. p.) of Challenge.
Challenging (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Challenge.
Challenge (v. t.) 向……挑戰 [（+to）] [O2]；對……提出異議；懷疑；反對 To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.
I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by right of fatherhood. -- Locke.
Challenge (v. t.) To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal combat.
By this I challenge him to single fight. -- Shak.
Challenge (v. t.) To claim as due; to demand as a right.
Challenge better terms. -- Addison.
Challenge (v. t.) To censure; to blame. [Obs.]
He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them. -- Holland.
Challenge (v. t.) (Mil.) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the sentinel challenged us, with "Who comes there?"
Challenge (v. t.) To take exception to; question; as, to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation.
Challenge (v. t.) (Law) To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or member of a court.
Challenge (v. t.) To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the ground that the person in not qualified as a voter. [U. S.]
To challenge to the array, favor, polls. See under Challenge, n.
Challenge (v. i.) 挑戰，反對 To assert a right; to claim a place.
Where nature doth with merit challenge. -- Shak.
Challenge (n.) A demanding or stimulating situation; "they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power".
Challenge (n.) A call to engage in a contest or fight.
Challenge (n.) Questioning a statement and demanding an explanation; "his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy".
Challenge (n.) A formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror.
Challenge (n.) A demand by a sentry for a password or identification.
Challenge (v.) Take exception to; "She challenged his claims" [syn: {challenge}, {dispute}, {gainsay}].
Challenge (v.) Issue a challenge to; "Fischer challenged Spassky to a match".
Challenge (v.) Ask for identification; "The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard".
Challenge (v.) Raise a formal objection in a court of law [syn: {challenge}, {take exception}].
Challenge, () practice. An exception made to jurors who are to pass on a trial; to a judge; or to a sheriff.
Challenge, () It will be proper here to consider, 1. the several kinds of challenges; 2. by whom they are to be made; 3. the time and manner of making them.
Challenge, () The several kinds of challenges may be divided into those which are peremptory, and those which are for cause. 1. Peremptory challenges are those 'which are made without assigning any reason, and which the court must allow. The number of these which the prisoner was allowed at common law, in all cases of felony, was thirty-five, or one under three full juries. This is regulated by the local statutes of the different states, and the number except in capital cases, has been probably reduced.
Challenge, () Challenges for cause are to the array or to the polls. 1. A challenge to the array is made on account of some defect in making the return to the venire, and is at once an objection to all the jurors in the panel. It is either a principal challenge, that is, one founded on some manifest partiality, or error committed in selecting, depositing, drawing or summoning the jurors, by not pursuing the directions of the acts of the legislature; or a challenge for favor.
Challenge, () A challenge to the polls is objection made separately to each juror as he is about to be sworn. Challenges to the polls, like those to the array, are either principal or to the favor.
Challenge, () First, principal challenges may be made on various grounds: 1st. propter defectum, on account of some personal objection, as alienage, infancy, old age, or the want of those qualifications required by legislative enactment. 2d. Propter affectum, because of some presumed or actual partiality in the juryman who is made the subject of the objection; on this ground a juror may be objected to, if he is related to either within the ninth degree, or is so connected by affinity; this is supposed to bias the juror's mind, and is only a presumption of partiality. Coxe, 446; 6 Greenl. 307; 3 Day, 491. A juror who has conscientious scruples in finding a verdict in a capital case, may be challenged. 1 Bald. 78. Much stronger is
the reason for this challenge, where the juryman has expressed his wishes as to the result of the trial, or his opinion of the guilt or innocence of the defendant. 4 Harg. St. Tr. 748; Hawk. b. 2, c. 43, s. 28; Bac. Ab. Juries, E 5. And the smallest degree of interest in the matter to be tried is a decisive objection against a juror. 1 Bay, 229; 8 S. & R. 444; 2 Tyler, 401. But see 5 Mass. 90. 3d. The third ground of principal challenge to the polls, is propter delictum, or the legal incompetency of the juror on the ground of infamy. The court, when satisfied from their own examination, decide as to the principal challenges to the polls, without any further investigation and there is no occasion for the appointment of triers. Co. Litt. 157, b; Bac. Ab. Juries, E 12; 8 Watts. R. 304.
Challenge, () -Secondly. Challenges to the poll for favor may be made, when, although the juror is not so evidently partial that his supposed bias will be sufficient to authorize. a principal challenge, yet there are reasonable grounds to suspect that he will act under some undue influence or prejudice. The causes for such challenge are manifestly very numerous, and depend, on a variety of circumstances. The fact to be ascertained is, whether the juryman is altogether indifferent as he stands unsworn, because, even unconsciously to himself, be may be swayed to one side. The line which separates the causes for principal challenges, and for challenge to the favor, is not very distinctly marked. That the juror has acted as godfather to the child of the prosecutor or defendant, is cause for a principal challenge; Co. Litt. 157, a; while the fact that the party and the juryman are fellow servants, and that the latter has been entertained at the house of the former, is only cause for challenge to the favor. Co. Litt. 147; Bac. Ab. Juries, E 5. Challenges to the favor are not decided upon by the court, but are settled by triers. (q.v.)
Challenge, () The challenges may be made by the government, or those who represent it, or by the defendant, in criminal cases; or they may be made by either party in civil cases.
Challenge, () As to the time of making the challenge, it is to be observed that it is a general rule, that no challenge can be made either to the array or to the polls, until a full jury have made their appearance, because if that should be the case, the issue will remain pro defectu juratorum; and on this account, the party who intends to challenge the array, may, under such a contingency, pray a tales to complete the number, and then object to the panel. The proper time, of challenging, is between the appearance and the swearing of the jurors. The order of making challenges is to the array first, and should not that be supported, then to the polls; challenging any one juror, waives the right of challenging the array. Co. Litt. 158, a; Bac. Ab. Juries, E 11. The proper manner of making the challenge, is to state all the objections against the jurors at one time; and the party will not be allowed to make a second objection to the same juror, when the first has been overruled. But when a juror has been challenged on one side, and found indifferent, he may still be challenged on the other. When the juror has been challenged for cause, and been pronounced impartial, he may still be challenged peremptorily. 6 T. R. 531; 4 Bl. Com. 356; Hawk. b. 2, c. 46, s. 10.
Challenge, () As to the mode of making the challenge, the rule is, that a challenge to the array must be in writing; but when it is only to a single individual, the words "I challenge him" are sufficient in a civil case, or on the part of the defendant, in a criminal case when the challenge is made for the prosecution, the attorney-general says, "We challenge him." 4 Harg. St. Tr. 740 Tr. per Pais, 172; and see Cro. C. 105; 2 Lil. Entr. 472; 10 Wentw. 474; 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 533 to 551.
Challenge, () Interest forms the only ground at common law for challenging a judge. It is no ground of challenge that he has given an opinion in the case before. 4 Bin. 349; 2 Bin. 454. By statute, there are in some states several other grounds of challenge. See Courts of the U. S., 633 64.
Challenge, () The sheriff may be challenged for favor as well as affinity. Co. Litt. 158, a; 10 Serg. &. R. 336-7. And the challenge need not be made to the court, but only to the prothonotary. Yet the Sheriff cannot be passed by in the direction of process without cause, as he is the proper officer to execute writs, except in case of partiality. Yet if process be directed to the coroner without cause, it is not void. He cannot dispute the authority of the court, but must execute it at his peril, and the misdirection is aided by the statutes of amendment. 11 Serg. & R. 303.
Challenge. () This word has several significations. 1. It is an exception or objection to a juror. 2. A call by one person upon another to a single combat, which is said to be a challenge to fight.
Challenge, () criminal law. A request by one person to another, to fight a duel.
Challenge, () It is a high offence at common law, and indictable, as tending to a breach of the peace. It may be in writing or verbally. Vide Hawk. P. C. b. 1, c. 63, s. 3; 6 East, R. 464; 8 East, R. 581; 1 Dana, R. 524; 1 South.. R. 40; 3 Wheel. Cr. C. 245 3 Rogers' Rec. 133; 2 M'Cord, R. 334 1 Hawks. R. 487; 1 Const. R. 107. He who carries a challenge is also punishable by indictment. In most of the states, this barbarous practice is punishable by special laws.
Challenge, () In most of the civilized nations challenging another to fight. is a crime, as calculated to destroy the public peace; and those who partake in the offence are generally liable to punishment. In Spain it is punished by loss of offices, rents, and horrors received from the king, and the delinquent is incapable to hold them in future. Aso & Man. Inst. B. 2, t. 19, c. 2, Sec. 6. See, generally, 6 J. J. Marsh. 120; 1 Munf. 468; 1 Russ. on Cr. 275; 6 J. J. Marsh. 1 19; Coust. Rep. 10 7; Joy on Chal. passim.
Challenge-Brownsville, CA -- U.S. Census Designated Place in California
Population (2000): 1069
Housing Units (2000): 580
Land area (2000): 9.664709 sq. miles (25.031480 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 9.664709 sq. miles (25.031480 sq. km)
FIPS code: 12612
Located within: California (CA), FIPS 06
Location: 39.472574 N, 121.265028 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Challenge-Brownsville, CA
Challenge-Brownsville
Challenge, CA
Challenge
Challenge (n.) (Difficult job) (B1) [ C or U ] (The situation of being faced with) 挑戰；難題；考驗 Something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability.
// Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest challenges faced by scientists today.
// You know me - I like a challenge.
// It's going to be a difficult job but I'm sure she'll rise to the challenge.
Challenge (n.) (Invitation) [ C ] （尤指比賽或辯論）挑戰（書），邀請 An invitation to compete or take part, especially in a game or argument.
// "I bet you can't eat all that food on your plate." "Is that a challenge?"
// [ + to infinitive ] She issued a challenge to her rival candidates to take part in a public debate.
Challenge (n.) (Question) (C2) [ C or U ] 質疑，懷疑 Asking if something is true or legal.
// The result of the vote poses a serious challenge to the government's credibility.
// Because of the way this research was conducted, its findings are open to challenge.
Challenge (n.) (Instruction) [ C ] （哨兵或警衛）喝停盤查 An instruction given by a soldier or guard at a border or gate, telling someone to stand still and say their name and reasons for being there.
Challenge (n.) (Refusal) [ C ] (Specialized) (Lw) （對某人出庭擔任陪審員表示的）反對，拒絕 The act of refusing to accept someone as a member of a jury.
// A challenge to a member of the jury should be made before the trial begins.
Challenge (v.) [ T ] (Invite) （尤指比賽或辯論）挑戰（書），邀請 To invite someone to compete or take part, especially in a game or argument.
// Tina has challenged me to a game of poker.
Challenge (v.) [ T ] (Doubt) (B2) 質疑，懷疑 To question if something is true or legal.
// Children challenge their parents' authority far more nowadays than they did in the past.
Challenge (v.) [ T ] (Test) 考驗（某人）的能力（或決心） To test someone's ability or determination.
Challenge (v.) [ T ] (Stop) （在大門、邊境等地）盤問，查問 To tell someone at a border or gate to stand still and say their name and reasons for being there.
Challenge (v.) [ T ] (Refuse to accept) （對某人出庭擔任陪審員表示的）反對，拒絕 (Specialized) (Law) To refuse to accept someone as a member of a jury.
Challengeable (a.) That may be challenged.
Challenger (n.) One who challenges.
Challis (n.) A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for ladies' dresses.
Chalon (n.) A bed blanket.
Chalybean (a.) Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in iron and steel.
Chalybean (a.) Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to steel.
Chalybeate (a.) Impregnated with salts of iron; having a taste like iron; as, chalybeate springs.
Chalybeate (n.) Any water, liquid, or medicine, into which iron enters as an ingredient.
Chalybeous (a.) Steel blue; of the color of tempered steel.
Chalybite (n.) Native iron carbonate; -- usually called siderite.
Cham (v. t.) To chew.
Cham (n.) The sovereign prince of Tartary; -- now usually written khan.
Chamade (n.) A signal made for a parley by beat of a drum.
Chamal (n.) The Angora goat. See Angora goat, under Angora.
Chamber (n.) A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four chambers.
Chamber (n.) Apartments in a lodging house.
Chamber (n.) A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence chamber; senate chamber.
Chamber (n.) A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or association; as, the Chamber of Deputies; the Chamber of Commerce.
Chamber (n.) A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the eye.
Chamber (n.) A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a judge transacts such official business as may be done out of court.
Chamber (n.) A chamber pot.
Chamber (n.) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in breech-loading guns.
Chamber (n.) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder.
Chamber (n.) A short piece of ordnance or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.
Chambered (imp. & p. p.) of Chamber.
Chambering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Chamber.
Chamber (v. i.) To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.
Chamber (v. i.) To be lascivious.
Chamber (v. t.) To shut up, as in a chamber.
Chamber (v. t.) To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.
Chamber (n.) (Room) [ C ] (Formal) （用於特定用途或官方用途的）房間，室，廳；議院 A room used for a special or official purpose, or a group of people who form (part of) a parliament.
// Meetings of the council are held in the council chamber.
// A torture chamber.
// There are two chambers in the British parliament - the House of Commons is the lower chamber, and the House of Lords is the upper chamber.
Chamber (n.) (Room) [ Plural ] （法官的）議事室 A judge's private office. A judge may have legal discussions with lawyers in private in his or her chambers.
In chambers (UK specialized) 進行（無公眾和記者參加的）不公開審理的 If a trial is in chambers, it happens in a court room without the public, newspaper reporters, etc. being there.
Chamber (n.) (Bedroom) [ C ] (Old use) 房間；（尤指）臥室 A room in a house, especially a bedroom.
Chamber (n.) (Space) [ C ] (Specialized), (Anatomy), (Biology), (Engineering) （機器、植物或動物的）腔，膛，室 A closed space in a machine, plant, or body.
// The human heart has four chambers.
Chambered (a.) Having a chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a chambered gun.
Chamberer (n.) One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid.
Chamberer (n.) A civilian; a carpetmonger.