Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter C - Page 153
Crossroad (n.) A road that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or avoiding the main road.
Crossroad (n.) A junction where one street or road crosses another [syn: intersection, crossroad, crossway, crossing, carrefour].
Crossrow (n.) The alphabet; -- called also Christcross-row.
And from the crossrow plucks the letter G. -- Shak.
Crossrow (n.) A row that crosses others.
Crossruff (n.) (Whist) The play in whist where partners trump each a different suit, and lead to each other for that purpose; -- called also seesaw.
Crossruff (v.) Trump alternately in two hands.
Cross-spale (n.) Alt. of Cross-spall.
Cross-spall (n.) (Shipbuilding) One of the temporary wooden braces, placed horizontally across a frame to hold it in position until the deck beams are in; a cross-pawl.
Cross-springer (n.) (Arch.) One of the ribs in a groined arch, springing from the corners in a diagonal direction. [See Illustr. of Groined vault.]
Compare: Forestaff
Forestaff (n.) (Naut.) An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant; -- called also cross-staff. -- Brande & C.
Cross-staff (n.) An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of celestial bodies.
Cross-staff (n.) A surveyor's instrument for measuring offsets.
Cross-stitch (n.) A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in pairs, the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other. "Tent and cross-stitch." -- Sir W. Scott. -- Cross"-stitch`, v. t. & i.
Cross-stitch (n.) Embroidery done in cross-stitch.
Cross-stitch (n.) Two stitches forming a cross or X.
Cross-stitch (n.) Embroidery done with pairs of stitches that cross each other.
Cross-stone (n.) (Min.) See Harmotome, and Staurotide.
Cross-tail (n.) (Steam Engine) A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or levers of a backaction or side-lever engine.
Cross-tie (n.) (Railroad) A sleeper supporting and connecting the rails, and holding them in place.
Cross-tining (n.) (Agric.) A mode of harrowing crosswise, or transversely to the ridges. -- Crabb.
Crosstrees (n. pl.) (Naut.) Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which are attached the upper shrouds. At the head of lower masts in large vessels, they support a semicircular platform called the "top."
Cross-vaulting (n.) (Arch.) Vaulting formed by the intersection of two or more simple vaults.
Crossway (n.) See Crossroad.
Cross-week (n.) Rogation week, when the cross was borne in processions.
Crosswise (adv.) 斜地；交叉地；違反意願地；不對頭地 In the form of a cross; across; transversely. -- Longfellow.
Crosswise (adv.) Not in the intended manner; "things are going crosswise."
Crosswise (adv.) Transversely; "the marble slabs were cut across" [syn: across, crosswise, crossways].
Crosswise (a.) Lying or extending across the length of a thing or in a cross direction; "a crosswise street"; "the crosswise dimension" [ant: lengthways, lengthwise].
Crosswise (a.) In the shape of (a horizontal piece on) a cross.
Crossword (n.) 縱橫填字謎 A puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle [syn: crossword puzzle, crossword].
Crosswort (n.) A name given to several inconspicuous plants having leaves in whorls of four, as species of Crucianella, Valantia, etc.
Compare: Rattlebox
Rattlebox (n.) A toy that makes a rattling sound; a rattle.
Rattlebox (n.) (Bot.) (a) An American herb ({Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.
Rattlebox (n.) (Bot.) (b) Any species of Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.
Rattlebox (n.) Any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops [syn: crotalaria, rattlebox].
Crotalaria (n.) (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants; rattlebox.
Note: Crotalaria juncea furnishes the fiber called sunn or Bombay hemp.
Crotalaria (n.) Any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops [syn: crotalaria, rattlebox].
Crotaline (a.) (Zool.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the Crotalidae, or Rattlesnake family.
Crotalo (n.) A Turkish musical instrument.
Crotalum (n.) (Mus.) A kind of castanet used by the Corybantes.
Crotalus (n.) (Zool.) A genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.
Crotalus (n.) Large rattlesnakes; seldom bite unless startled or pursuing prey [syn: Crotalus, genus Crotalus].
Crotaphite (n.) (Anat.) The temple or temporal fossa. Also used adjectively.
Crotaphitic (n.) (Anat.) Pertaining to the temple; temporal.
Crotches (n. pl. ) of Crotch.
Crotch (n.) The angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a fork; the point where a trunk divides; as, the crotch of a tree. more specifically, the space on the human torso between the two legs; also, the corresponding part between the legs of a pair of pants, which is in contact with the crotch of the wearer; as, pants with a tight crotch have become very popular.
Crotch (n.) (Naut.) A stanchion or post of wood or iron, with two arms for supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.; -- called also crane and crutch. -- Totten.
Crotch (n.) (Billiards) In the three-ball carom game, a small space at each corner of the table. See Crotched, below.
Crotch (v. t.) [imp. & p. p. Crotched (kr[o^]cht); p. pr. & vb. n. Crotch"ing.] To provide with a crotch; to give the form of a crotch to; as, to crotch the ends of ropes in splicing or tying knots.
Crotch (v. t.) (Logging) To notch (a log) on opposite sides to provide a grip for the dogs in hauling. [Western, U. S.]
Crotch (n.) The region of the angle formed by the junction of two branches; "they took the south fork"; "he climbed into the crotch of a tree" [syn: fork, crotch].
Crotch (n.) The angle formed by the inner sides of the legs where they join the human trunk [syn: crotch, fork].
Crotch (n.) External sex organ [syn: genitalia, genital organ, genitals, private parts, privates, crotch].
Crotched (a.) Having a crotch; forked.
Crotched (a.) Cross; peevish. [Prov. Eng.] -- Halliwell.
Crotched (a.) (Billiards) Lying within a crotch; -- said of the object balls in the three-ball carom game whenever the centers of both lie within a 41/2-inch square at a corner of the table, in which case but three counts are allowed unless one or both balls be forced out of the crotch.
Crotchet (n.) A forked support; a crotch.
The crotchets of their cot in columns rise. -- Dryden.
Crotchet (n.) (Mus.) A time note, with a stem, having one fourth the value of a semibreve, one half that of a minim, and twice that of a quaver; a quarter note.
Crotchet (n.) (Fort.) An indentation in the glacis of the covered way, at a point where a traverse is placed.
Crotchet (n.) (Mil.) The arrangement of a body of troops, either forward or rearward, so as to form a line nearly perpendicular to the general line of battle.
Crotchet (n.) (Print.) A bracket. See Bracket.
Crotchet (n.) (Med.) An instrument of a hooked form, used in certain cases in the extraction of a fetus. -- Dunglison.
Crotchet (n.) A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession of the mind; a conceit.He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by crotchets that he could never explain to any rational man. -- De Quincey.
Crotchet (v. i.) To play music in measured time. [Obs.] -- Donne.
Crotchet (n.) A sharp curve or crook; a shape resembling a hook [syn: hook, crotchet].
Crotchet (n.) A musical note having the time value of a quarter of a whole note [syn: quarter note, crotchet].
Crotchet (n.) A strange attitude or habit [syn: oddity, queerness, quirk, quirkiness, crotchet].
Crotchet (n.) A small tool or hooklike implement.
Crotcheted (a.) Marked or measured by crotchets; having musical notation.
Crotchetiness (n.) The state or character of being crotchety, or whimsical.
This belief in rightness is a kind of conscientiousness, and when it degenerates it becomes crotchetiness. -- J. Grote.
Crotchetiness (n.) A fussy and eccentric disposition [syn: crankiness, crotchetiness, contrariness, grumpiness].
Crotchety (a.) Given to crotchets; subject to whims; as, a crotchety man.
Crotchety (a.) Having a difficult and contrary disposition; "a cantankerous and venomous-tongued old lady" -- Dorothy Sayers [syn: cantankerous, crotchety, ornery].
Croton (n.) (Bot.) A genus of euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical countries.
Croton oil (Med.), A viscid, acrid, brownish yellow oil obtained from the seeds of Croton Tiglium, a small tree of the East Indies. It is a most powerful drastic cathartic, and is used externally as a pustulant.
Croton (n.) Grown in many varieties for their brightly colored foliage; widely cultivated as a houseplant [syn: croton, Codiaeum variegatum].
Croton (n.) Tropical Asiatic shrub; source of croton oil [syn: croton, Croton tiglium].
Croton bug () (Zool.) A small, active, winged species of cockroach ({Ectobia Germanica), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and in houses in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes; -- called also the German cockroach.
Cockroach (n.) [Sp. cucaracha.] (Zool.) An orthopterous insect of the genus Blatta, and allied genera.
Note: The species are numerous, especially in hot countries.
Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and North America are Blatta orientalis, a large species often called black beetle, and the Croton bug ({Blatta Germanica, formerly Ectobia Germanica), also called the German cockroach.
Croton bug (n.) Small light-brown cockroach brought to United States from Europe; a common household pest [syn: German cockroach, Croton bug, crotonbug, water bug, Blattella germanica].
Crotonic (a.) Of or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus Croton, or from croton oil.
Crotonic acid (Chem.), A white crystalline organic acid, C3H5.CO2H, of the ethylene, or acrylic acid series. It was so named because formerly supposed to exist in croton oil. Also, any acid metameric with crotonic acid proper.
Note: The acid characteristic of croton oil is tiglic or tiglinic acid, a derivative of crotonic acid.
Crotonine (n.) (Chem.) A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton oil by boiling it with water and magnesia, since found to be merely a magnesia soap of the oil. -- Watts.
Crotonylene (n.) (Chem.) A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, C4H6, produced artificially, and regarded as an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the acetylene series, and analogous to crotonic acid.
Crottles (n. pl.) A name given to various lichens gathered for dyeing. See crottal. [Scot.]
Crouched (imp. & p. p.) of Crouch.
Crouching (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Crouch.
Crouch (v. i.) 蹲伏；彎腰；蜷伏 [（+down）]； 卑躬屈膝，諂媚奉承 [（+to）] To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground with the logs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey, or in fear.
Now crouch like a cur. -- Beau. & Fl.
Crouch (v. i.) To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe. "A crouching purpose." -- Wordsworth.
Must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor? -- Shak.
Crouch (v. t.) 低（頭），屈（膝）To sign with the cross; to bless. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Crouch (v. t.) To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or fear.
She folded her arms across her chest, And crouched her head upon her breast. -- Colerige.
Crouch (n.) 蹲伏（姿勢）[S] The act of bending low with the limbs close to the body.
Crouch (v.) Bend one's back forward from the waist on down; "he crouched down"; "She bowed before the Queen"; "The young man stooped to pick up the girl's purse" [syn: {crouch}, {stoop}, {bend}, {bow}].
Crouch (v.) Sit on one's heels; "In some cultures, the women give birth while squatting"; "The children hunkered down to protect themselves from the sandstorm" [syn: {squat}, {crouch}, {scrunch}, {scrunch up}, {hunker}, {hunker down}].
Crouch, ID -- U.S. city in Idaho
Population (2000): 154
Housing Units (2000): 83
Land area (2000): 0.419886 sq. miles (1.087500 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.419886 sq. miles (1.087500 sq. km)
FIPS code: 19720
Located within: Idaho (ID), FIPS 16
Location: 44.115496 N, 115.972536 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Crouch, ID
Crouch
Crouched (a.) Marked with the sign of the cross. [Obs.]
Crouched friar. See Crutched friar, under Crutched.
Croud (n.) (Mus.) See Crowd, a violin.
Compare: Crowd
Crowd (n.) An ancient instrument of music with six strings; a kind of violin, being the oldest known stringed instrument played with a bow. [Written also croud, crowth, cruth, and crwth.]
A lackey that . . . can warble upon a crowd a little. -- B. Jonson.
Crouke (n.) A crock; a jar. [Obs.] -- Chauser.
Croup (n.) The hinder part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially of a horse; hence, the place behind the saddle.
So light to the croup the fair lady he swung, So light to the saddle before her he sprung. -- Sir W. Scott.
Croup (n.) (Med.) An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated with the development of a false membrane in the air passages (also called membranous croup). See False croup, under False, and Diphtheria.
Croup (n.) A disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing [syn: croup, spasmodic laryngitis].
Croup (n.) The part of an animal that corresponds to the human buttocks [syn: hindquarters, croup, croupe, rump].
Croupade (n.) (Man.) A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his belly.
Croupal (a.) Croupy.
Compare: Crupper
Crupper (n.) [Written also crouper.] The buttocks or rump of a horse.
Crupper (n.) A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail, and buckled to the saddle to keep it from slipping forwards.
Crouper (n.) See Crupper.
Croupier (n.) One who presides at a gaming table and collects the stakes.
Croupier (n.) One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the lower end of the table as assistant chairman.
Croupier (n.) Someone who collects and pays bets at a gaming table
Croupous (a.) (Med.) Relating to or resembling croup; especially, attended with the formation of a deposit or membrane like that found in membranous croup; as, croupous laryngitis.
Croupous pneumonia, Pneumonia attended with deposition of fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of the lungs; ordinary acute pneumonia.
Croupy (a.) Of or pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup; as, a croupy cough.
Croupy (a.) Resembling or arising from or indicating croup.
Crouse (a.) Brisk; lively; bold; self-complacent. [Scot.] -- Burns.
Crouse (n.) United States playwright (1893-1966) [syn: Crouse, Russel Crouse].
Croustade (n.) (Cookery) Bread baked in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon. -- Bishop.
Crout (n.) See Sourkrout.
Compare: Sourkrout
Sourkrout () Same as Sauerkraut.
Compare: Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut (n.) Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.
Sauerkraut (n.) Shredded cabbage fermented in brine.
Crouton (n.) (Cookery) Bread cut in various forms, and fried lightly in butter or oil, to garnish hashes, etc.
Crouton (n.) A small piece of toasted or fried bread; served in soup or salads
Crows, (n. pl.; sing. Crow.) (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; -- also called Upsarokas.
Crow (n.) (Zool.) A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See Caw.
Note: The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is Corvus corone. The common American crow is Corvus Americanus. See Carrion crow, and Illustr., under Carrion.
Crow (n.) A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.
Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight Unto my cell. -- Shak.
Crow (n.) The cry of the cock. See Crow, v. i., 1.
Crow (n.) The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by butchers.
Carrion crow. See under Carrion.
Crow blackbird (Zool.), An American bird ({Quiscalus quiscula); -- called also purple grackle.
Crow pheasant (Zool.), An Indian cuckoo; the common coucal.
It is believed by the natives to give omens. See Coucal.
Crow shrike (Zool.), Any bird of the genera Gymnorhina, Craticus, or Strepera, mostly from Australia.
Red-legged crow. See Crough.
As the crow flies, In a direct line.
To pick a crow, To pluck a crow, To state and adjust a difference or grievance (with any one).
Crew (imp.) of Crow.
Crowed () of Crow.
Crowed (p. p.) of Crow.
Crown () of Crow.
Crowing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Crow.
Crow (v. i.) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a cock, either in joy, gayety, or defiance. "The cock had crown." -- Bayron.
The morning cock crew loud. -- Shak.
Crow (v. i.) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.
Crow (v. i.) To utter a sound expressive of joy or pleasure.
The sweetest little maid, That ever crowed for kisses. -- Tennyson.
To crow over, To exult over a vanquished antagonist.
Sennacherib crowing over poor Jerusalem. -- Bp. Hall.
Crow (n.) Black birds having a raucous call.
Crow (n.) The cry of a cock (or an imitation of it).
Crow (n.) A member of the Siouan people formerly living in eastern Montana.
Crow (n.) A small quadrilateral constellation in the southern hemisphere near Virgo [syn: Corvus, Crow].
Crow (n.) An instance of boastful talk; "his brag is worse than his fight"; "whenever he won we were exposed to his gasconade" [syn: brag, bragging, crow, crowing, vaporing, line-shooting, gasconade].
Crow (n.) A Siouan language spoken by the Crow.
Crow (v.) Dwell on with satisfaction [syn: gloat, triumph, crow].
Crow (v.) Express pleasure verbally; "She crowed with joy."
Crow (v.) Utter shrill sounds; "The cocks crowed all morning."
Crowbar (n.) A bar of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.
Crowbar (n.) A heavy iron lever with one end forged into a wedge [syn: crowbar, wrecking bar, pry, pry bar].
Crowberry (n.) (Bot.) A heathlike plant of the genus Empetrum, and its fruit, a black, scarcely edible berry; -- also called crakeberry.
Crowberry (n.) A low evergreen shrub with small purple flowers and black berrylike fruit.
Crowd (v. t.) To play on a crowd; to fiddle. [Obs.] "Fiddlers, crowd on." -- Massinger.
Crowd (n.) An ancient instrument of music with six strings; a kind of violin, being the oldest known stringed instrument played with a bow. [Written also croud, crowth, cruth, and crwth.]
A lackey that . . . can warble upon a crowd a little. -- B. Jonson.
Crowd (v. i.) To press together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to throng.
The whole company crowded about the fire. --Addison.
Images came crowding on his mind faster than he could put them into words. -- Macaulay.
Crowd (v. i.) To urge or press forward; to force one's self; as, a man crowds into a room.
Crowd (n.) A number of things collected or closely pressed together; also, a number of things adjacent to each other.
A crowd of islands. -- Pope.
Crowd (n.) A number of persons congregated or collected into a close body without order; a throng.
The crowd of Vanity Fair. -- Macaulay.
Crowds that stream from yawning doors. -- Tennyson.
Crowd (n.) The lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar; the rabble; the mob.
To fool the crowd with glorious lies. -- Tennyson.
He went not with the crowd to see a shrine. -- Dryden.
Syn: Throng; multitude. See Throng.
Crowded (imp. & p. p.) of Crowd.
Crowding (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Crowd.
Crowd (v. t.) To push, to press, to shove. -- Chaucer.
Crowd (v. t.) To press or drive together; to mass together. "Crowd us and crush us." -- Shak.
Crowd (v. t.) To fill by pressing or thronging together; hence, to encumber by excess of numbers or quantity.
The balconies and verandas were crowded with spectators, anxious to behold their future sovereign. -- Prescott.
Crowd (v. t.) To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun; hence, to treat discourteously or unreasonably. [Colloq.]
To crowd out, To press out; specifically, to prevent the publication of; as, the press of other matter crowded out the article.
To crowd sail (Naut.), To carry an extraordinary amount of sail, with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel; to carry a press of sail.
Crowd (n.) A large number of things or people considered together; "a crowd of insects assembled around the flowers."
Crowd (n.) An informal body of friends; "he still hangs out with the same crowd" [syn: crowd, crew, gang, bunch].
Crowd (v.) Cause to herd, drive, or crowd together; "We herded the children into a spare classroom" [syn: herd, crowd].
Crowd (v.) Fill or occupy to the point of overflowing; "The students crowded the auditorium".
Crowd (v.) To gather together in large numbers; "men in straw boaters and waxed mustaches crowded the verandah" [syn: crowd, crowd together].
Crowd (v.) Approach a certain age or speed; "She is pushing fifty" [syn: push, crowd].
Crowder (n.) One who plays on a crowd; a fiddler. [Obs.] "Some blind crowder." -- Sir P. Sidney.
Crowder (n.) One who crowds or pushes.
Crowder, OK -- U.S. town in Oklahoma
Population (2000): 436
Housing Units (2000): 183
Land area (2000): 0.977527 sq. miles (2.531783 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.032089 sq. miles (0.083109 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1.009616 sq. miles (2.614892 sq. km)
FIPS code: 18550
Located within: Oklahoma (OK), FIPS 40
Location: 35.121927 N, 95.671460 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Crowder, OK
Crowder
Crowder, MS -- U.S. town in Mississippi
Population (2000): 766
Housing Units (2000): 334
Land area (2000): 0.453058 sq. miles (1.173416 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.453058 sq. miles (1.173416 sq. km)
FIPS code: 16940
Located within: Mississippi (MS), FIPS 28
Location: 34.173091 N, 90.136476 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Crowder, MS
Crowder
Crowdsourcing (n.) 群眾外包（英語：crowdsourcing）是一種特定的取得資源的模式，這種模式下，個人或組織可以利用大量的網路用戶來取得需要的服務和想法。「眾包」（crowdsourcing）是在2005年混合群眾（crowd）和外包（outsourcing） 詞義而產生的混成詞。這種通過將工作先分配給很多參與者再合成為最終結果的模式，在電子時代來臨前就已經取得了成功。眾包和外包的區別在於，眾包的物件可 以是一群沒有被特別定義的群體（而非被指派的，特定的群體）並且眾包包括了混合的自底向上和自頂向下的過程。眾包的優勢包括：最佳化的價格，速度，質量， 靈活性和多樣性。在機構想要擴充功能新的想法時，眾包的優勢是可以提供超出本機構員工的思考範圍，帶來更發散和創新的想法。眾包和通過網際網路控制，這些組織可以利用志願員工大軍的創意和能力——這些志願員工具備完成任務的技能，願意利用業餘時間工作，滿足於對其服務收取小額報酬，或者暫時並無報酬，目的在於未來獲得更多報酬的前景。尤其對於軟體業和服務業，這提供了一種組織勞動力的全新方式。Is a sourcing model in which individuals or organizations obtain goods and services. These services include ideas and finances, from a large, relatively open and often rapidly-evolving group of internet users; it divides work between participants to achieve a cumulative result. The word crowdsourcing itself is a portmanteau of crowd and outsourcing, and was coined in 2005. [1] [2] [3] [4] As a mode of sourcing, crowdsourcing existed prior to the digital age (i.e. "offline"). [5]
There are major differences between crowdsourcing and outsourcing. Crowdsourcing comes from a less-specific, more public group, whereas outsourcing is commissioned from a specific, named group, and includes a mix of bottom-up and top-down processes. [6] [7] [8] Advantages of using crowdsourcing may include improved costs, speed, quality, flexibility, scalability, or diversity. [9] [10]
Some forms of crowdsourcing, such as in "idea competitions" or "innovation contests" provide ways for organizations to learn beyond the "base of minds" provided by their employees (e.g. LEGO Ideas). [11] Tedious "microtasks" performed in parallel by large, paid crowds (e.g. Amazon Mechanical Turk) are another form of crowdsourcing. It has also been used by not-for-profit organizations and to create common goods (e.g. Wikipedia). [12] The effect of user communication and the platform presentation should be taken into account when evaluating the performance of ideas in crowdsourcing contexts. [13]