Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter C - Page 117
Continuance (n.) A holding together; continuity. [Obs.] -- Bacon.
Continuance (n.) (Law) The adjournment of the proceedings in a cause from one day, or from one stated term of a court, to another.
Continuance (n.) (Law) The entry of such adjournment and the grounds thereof on the record.
Continuance (n.) The act of continuing an activity without interruption [syn: continuance, continuation] [ant: discontinuance, discontinuation].
Continuance (n.) The period of time during which something continues [syn: duration, continuance].
Continuance (n.) The property of enduring or continuing in time [syn: duration, continuance].
Continuance, () practice. The adjournment of a cause from one day to another is called a continuance, an entry of which is made upon the record.
Continuance, () If these continuances are omitted, the cause is thereby discontinued, and the defendant is discharged sine die, (q.v.) without a day, for this term. By his appearance he has obeyed the command of the writ, and, unless he be adjourned over to a certain day, he is no longer bound to attend upon that summons. 3 Bl. Com. 316.
Continuance, () Continuances may, however, be entered at any time, and if not entered, the want of them is aided or cured by the appearance of the parties; and Is a discontinuance can never be objected to pendente placito, so after the judgment it is cured by the statute of jeofails[?]. Tidd's Pr. 628, 835.
Continuance, () Before the declaration the continuance is by dies datus prece partium; after the declaration and before issue joined, by imparlance; after issue joined and before verdict, by vicecomes non misit breve; and after verdict or demurrer by curia advisare vult. 1 Chit. Pl. 421, n. (p); see Vin. Abr. 454; Bac. Abr. Pleas, &c. P; Bac. Abr. Trial, H.; Com. Dig. Pleader, V. See, as to the origin of continuances, Steph. Pl. 31; 1 Ch. Pr. 778, 779.
Continuant (a.) Continuing; prolonged; sustained; as, a continuant sound.
Continuant (n.) A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be prolonged.
Continuant (a.) Of speech sounds produced by forcing air through a constricted passage (as `f', `s', `z', or `th' in both `thin' and `then') [syn: fricative, continuant, sibilant, spirant, strident].
Continuant (n.) Consonant articulated by constricting (but not closing) the vocal tract [syn: continuant consonant, continuant] [ant: occlusive, plosive, plosive consonant, plosive speech sound, stop, stop consonant].
Continuate (a.) Immediately united together; intimately connected. [R.]
We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very flesh and bones should be made continuate with his. -- Hooker.
Continuate (a.) Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; continued.
An untirable and continuate goodness. -- Shak.
Continuation (n.) That act or state of continuing; the state of being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession; prolongation; propagation.
Preventing the continuation of the royal line. -- Macaulay.
Continuation (n.) That which extends, increases, supplements, or carries on; as, the continuation of a story.
My continuation of the version of Statius. -- Pope.
Continuation (n.) The act of continuing an activity without interruption [syn: continuance, continuation] [ant: discontinuance, discontinuation].
Continuation (n.) A part added to a book or play that continues and extends it [syn: sequel, continuation].
Continuation (n.) A Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction [syn: good continuation, continuation, law of continuation].
Continuation (n.) The consequence of being lengthened in duration [syn: lengthiness, prolongation, continuation, protraction].
Continuation passing style
Continuation
Continuations
(CPS) A style of programming in which every user function f takes an extra argument c known as a "continuation."
Whenever f would normally return a result r to its caller, it instead returns the result of applying the continuation to r. The continuation thus represents the whole of the rest of the computation. Some examples:
Normal (direct style) continuation passing style
Square x = x * x; square x k = k (x * x)
g (square 23); square 23 g
(square 3) + 1; square 3 ( \ s . s + 1 )
(1995-04-04)
Continuation (n.) [ C or U ] (Formal continuance) 繼續；持續；延續；繼續發生（或進行）之事；某事的後續結果（或影響） The fact of continuing or a thing that continues or follows from something else.
// The continuation of the strike caused a lot of hardship.
// It's just a continuation of the bigger river, but with a different name.
Continuative (n.) (Logic) A term or expression denoting continuance. [R.]
To these may be added continuatives; as, Rome remains to this day; which includes, at least, two propositions, viz., Rome was, and Rome is. -- I. Watts.
Continuative (n.) (Gram.) A word that continues the connection of sentences or subjects; a connective; a conjunction.
Continuatives . . . consolidate sentences into one continuous whole. -- Harris.
Continuative (n.) An uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences [syn: conjunction, conjunctive, connective, continuative].
Continuator (n.) One who, or that which, continues; esp., one who continues a series or a work; a continuer. -- Sir T. Browne.
Continued (imp. & p. p.) of Continue.
Continuing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Continue.
Continue (v. i.) To remain in a given place or condition; to remain in connection with; to abide; to stay.
Here to continue, and build up here A growing empire. -- Milton.
They continue with me now three days, and have nothing to eat. -- Matt. xv. 32.
Continue (v. i.) To be permanent or durable; to endure; to last.
But now thy kingdom shall not continue. -- 1 Sam. xiii. 14.
Continue (v. i.) To be steadfast or constant in any course; to persevere; to abide; to endure; to persist; to keep up or maintain a particular condition, course, or series of actions; as, the army continued to advance.
If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed. -- John viii. 31.
Syn: To persevere; persist. See Persevere.
Continue (v. t.) To unite; to connect. [Obs.]
The use of the navel is to continue the infant unto the mother. -- Sir T. browne.
Continue (v. t.) To protract or extend in duration; to preserve or persist in; to cease not.
O continue thy loving kindness unto them that know thee. -- Ps. xxxvi. 10.
You know how to make yourself happy by only continuing such a life as you have been long accustomed to lead. -- Pope.
Continue (v. t.) To carry onward or extend; to prolong or produce; to add to or draw out in length.
A bridge of wond'rous length, From hell continued, reaching th' utmost orb of this frail world. -- Milton.
Continue (v. t.) To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; as, the trustees were continued; also, to suffer to live.
And how shall we continue Claudio. -- Shak.
Continue (v.) Continue a certain state, condition, or activity; "Keep on working!"; "We continued to work into the night"; "Keep smiling"; "We went on working until well past midnight" [syn: continue, go on, proceed, go along, keep] [ant: discontinue].
Continue (v.) Continue talking; "I know it's hard," he continued, "but there is no choice"; "carry on--pretend we are not in the room" [syn: continue, go on, carry on, proceed].
Continue (v.) Keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; "preserve the peace in the family"; "continue the family tradition"; "Carry on the old traditions" [syn: continue, uphold, carry on, bear on, preserve] [ant: cease, discontinue, give up, lay off, quit, stop].
Continue (v.) Move ahead; travel onward in time or space; "We proceeded towards Washington"; "She continued in the direction of the hills"; "We are moving ahead in time now" [syn: proceed, go forward, continue].
Continue (v.) Allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature; "We cannot continue several servants any longer"; "She retains a lawyer"; "The family's fortune waned and they could not keep their household staff"; "Our grant has run out and we cannot keep you on"; "We kept the work going as long as we could"; "She retained her composure"; "this garment retains its shape even after many washings" [syn: retain, continue, keep, keep on].
Continue (v.) Do something repeatedly and showing no intention to stop; "We continued our research into the cause of the illness"; "The
landlord persists in asking us to move" [syn: continue, persist in].
Continue (v.) Continue after an interruption; "The demonstration continued after a break for lunch".
Continue (v.) Continue in a place, position, or situation; "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser"; "Stay with me, please"; "despite student protests, he remained Dean for another year"; "She continued as deputy mayor for another year" [syn: stay, stay on, continue, remain].
Continue (v.) Span an interval of distance, space or time; "The war extended over five years"; "The period covered the turn of the century"; "My land extends over the hills on the horizon"; "This farm covers some 200 acres"; "The Archipelago continues for another 500 miles" [syn: cover, continue, extend].
Continue (v.) Exist over a prolonged period of time; "The bad weather continued for two more weeks".
Continued (p. p. & a.) Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion of energy, etc.; extended; protracted; uninterrupted; also, resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of issues, session, etc.; as, a continued story. "Continued woe." -- Jenyns. "Continued succession." -- Locke.
Continued bass (Mus.), A bass continued through an entire piece of music, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures beneath the bass; the same as thorough bass or figured bass; basso continuo. [It.]
Continued fever (Med.), A fever which presents no interruption in its course.
Continued fraction (Math.), A fraction whose numerator is 1, and whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole number, plus a fraction, and so on.
Continued proportion (Math.), A proportion composed of two or more equal ratios, in which the consequent of each preceding ratio is the same with the antecedent of the following one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 : 16 :: 16 : 32.
Continued (a.) Without stop or interruption; "to insure the continued success of the war"; "the continued existence of nationalism"; "the continued popularity of Westerns" [ant: discontinued].
Continuedly (adv.) Continuously.
Continuer (n.) One who continues; one who has the power of perseverance or persistence. "Indulgent continuers in sin." -- Hammond.
I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a continuer. -- Shak.
Continuities (n. pl. ) of Continuity.
Continuity (n.) The state of being continuous; uninterupted connection or succession; close union of parts; cohesion; as, the continuity of fibers. -- Grew.
The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a continuity of glittering objects. -- Dryden.
Law of continuity (Math. & Physics), the principle that nothing passes from one state to another without passing through all the intermediate states.
Solution of continuity. (Math.) See under Solution.
Continuity (n.) Uninterrupted connection or union [ant: discontinuity].
Continuity (n.) A detailed script used in making a film in order to avoid discontinuities from shot to shot.
Continuity (n.) The property of a continuous and connected period of time [syn: continuity, persistence].
Continuo (n.) [It.] (Mus.) Basso continuo, or continued bass.
Continuo (n.) A bass part written out in full and accompanied by numbers to indicate the chords to be played [syn: figured bass, basso continuo, continuo, thorough bass].
Continuous (a.) Without break, cessation, or interruption; without intervening space or time; uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; unceasing; constant; continued; protracted; extended; as, a continuous line of railroad; a continuous current of electricity.
He can hear its continuous murmur. -- Longfellow.
Continuous (a.) (Bot.) Not deviating or varying from uninformity; not interrupted; not joined or articulated.
Continuous brake (Railroad), A brake which is attached to each car a train, and can be caused to operate in all the cars simultaneously from a point on any car or on the engine.
Continuous impost. See Impost.
Syn: Continuous, Continual.
Usage: Continuous is the stronger word, and denotes that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and uninterrupted; as, a continuous sheet of ice; a continuous flow of water or of argument. So Daniel Webster speaks of "a continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." Continual, in most cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather than absolute continuity. Thus we speak of continual showers, implying a repetition with occasional interruptions; we speak of a person as liable to continual calls, or as subject to continual applications for aid, etc. See Constant.
Continuous (a.) Continuing in time or space without interruption; "a continuous rearrangement of electrons in the solar atoms results in the emission of light"- James Jeans; "a continuous bout of illness lasting six months"; "lived in continuous fear"; "a continuous row of warehouses"; "a continuous line has no gaps or breaks in it"; "moving midweek holidays to the nearest Monday or Friday allows uninterrupted work weeks" [syn: continuous, uninterrupted] [ant: discontinuous, noncontinuous].
Continuous (a.) Of a function or curve; extending without break or irregularity [ant: discontinuous].
Continuous (a.) (B2) 不斷的，連續的，持續的 Without a pause or interruption.
// Continuous pain.
// My computer makes a continuous low buzzing noise.
// A continuous whiteline (= line without spaces) in the middle of the road means no overtaking.
Continuously (adv.) In a continuous maner; without interruption. -- Con*tin"u*ous*ness, n.
Continuously (adv.) At every point; "The function is continuously differentiable".
Continuously (adv.) With unflagging resolve; "dance inspires him ceaselessly to strive higher and higher toward the shining pinnacle of perfection that is the goal of every artiste" [syn: endlessly, ceaselessly, incessantly, unceasingly, unendingly, continuously].
Contline (n.) (Ropemaking) The space between the strands on the outside of a rope. -- Knight.
Contline (n.) (Naut.) The space between the bilges of two casks stowed side by side.
Contorniate (n.) Alt. of Contorniate.
Contorniate (n.) (Numis.) A species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep furrow on the contour or edge; -- supposed to have been struck in the days of Constantine and his successors. -- R. S. Poole.
Contorsion (n.) See Contortion.
Contort (v. t.) To twist, or twist together; to turn awry; to bend; to distort; to wrest.
The vertebral arteries are variously contorted. -- Ray.
Kant contorted the term category from the proper meaning of attributed. -- Sir W. Hamilton.
Contort (v.) Twist and press out of shape [syn: contort, deform, distort, wring].
Contorted (a.) Twisted, or twisted together. "A contorted chain of icicles." -- Massinger.
Contorted (a.) (Bot.) Twisted back upon itself, as some parts of plants.
Contorted (a.) (Bot.) Arranged so as to overlap each other; as, petals in contorted or convolute aestivation.
Contorted (a.) Twisted (especially as in pain or struggle); "his mad contorted smile"; "writhed lips"; "my writhen features"- Walter scott [syn: contorted, writhed, writhen].
Contortion (n.) A twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; as, the contortion of the muscles of the face. -- Swift.
All the contortions of the sibyl, without the inspiration. -- Burke.
Contortion (n.) The act of twisting or deforming the shape of something (e.g., yourself) [syn: contortion, deformation].
Contortion (n.) A tortuous and twisted shape or position; "they built a tree house in the tortuosities of its boughs"; "the acrobat performed incredible contortions" [syn: tortuosity, tortuousness, torsion, contortion, crookedness].
Contortionist (n.) One who makes or practices contortions; especially, a gymnast who is able to twist the limbs into positions impossible for normal people to achieve.
Contortive (a.) Expressing contortion.
Contortuplicate (a.) (Bot.) Plaited lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the morning-glory. -- Gray.
Contour (n.) The outline of a figure or body, or the line or lines representing such an outline; the line that bounds; periphery.
Titian's coloring and contours. -- A. Drummond.
Contour (n.) (Mil.) The outline of a horizontal section of the ground, or of works of fortification.
Contour feathers (Zool.), Those feathers that form the general covering of a bird.
Contour of ground (Surv.), The outline of the surface of ground with respect to its undulation, etc.
Contour line (Topographical Suv.), the line in which a horizontal plane intersects a portion of ground, or the corresponding line in a map or chart.
Contourn'e (a.) (Her.) Turned in a direction which is not the usual one; -- said of an animal turned to the sinister which is usually turned to the dexter, or the like.
Contourniated (a.) (Numis.) Having furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.
Contra () A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying against, contrary, in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of many English words. Cf. Counter, adv. & pref.
Contraband (n.) Illegal or prohibited traffic.
Persons the most bound in duty to prevent contraband, and the most interested in the seizures. -- Burke.
Contraband (n.) Goods or merchandise the importation or exportation of which is forbidden.
Contraband (n.) A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to, or was brought within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered contraband of war. [U.S.]
Contraband of war, That which, according to international law, cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent except at the risk of seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved belligerent. -- Wharton.
Contraband (a.) Prohibited or excluded by law or treaty; forbidden; as, contraband goods, or trade.
The contraband will always keep pace, in some measure, with the fair trade. -- Burke.
Contraband (v. t.) To import illegally, as prohibited goods; to smuggle. [Obs.] -- Johnson.
Contraband (v. t.) To declare prohibited; to forbid. [Obs.]
The law severly contrabands Our taking business of men's hands. -- Hudibras.
Contrabandism (n.) Traffic in contraband goods; smuggling.
Contrabandist (n.) One who traffics illegally; a smuggler.
Contrabass (n.) (Mus.) The lowest stringed instrument of the violin family; the double bass; -- also applied to any instrument of the same deep range as the stringed double bass; as, the contrabass ophicleide; the contrabass tuba or bombardon.
Contrabasso (n.) (Mus.) The largest kind of bass viol. See Violone.
Compare: Basso
Basso (n.) (Mus.) 低音部；男低音歌手 The bass or lowest part; as, to sing basso.
Basso (n.) (Mus.) One who sings the lowest part.
Basso (n.) (Mus.) The double bass, or contrabasso.
Basso continuo. [It., bass continued.] (Mus.) 低音奏鳴曲 A bass part written out continuously, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures attached to the bass; continued bass.
Contraception (n.) 避孕（法）the intentional prevention of conception or impregnation, especially when accomplished by the use of contraceptive medications or devices; a form of birth control.
Contraception (n.) Birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine device or condom) or drugs or surgery [syn: contraception, contraceptive method].
Contraceptive (a.) 避孕的 Capable of preventing conception or impregnation; as, contraceptive devices and medications.
Syn: prophylactic.
Contraceptive (n.) 避孕劑；避孕用具 A substance or device used to prevent conception.
Syn: preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, prophylactic.
Contraceptive (a.) Capable of preventing conception or impregnation; "contraceptive devices and medications" [syn: contraceptive, prophylactic, antifertility].
Contraceptive (n.) An agent or device intended to prevent conception [syn: contraceptive, preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, birth control device].
Contraceptive (n.) A substance or device used to prevent conception.
Syn: preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, prophylactic.
Contracted (imp. & p. p.) of Contract.
Contracting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Contract.
Contract (v. t.) To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten, narrow, or lessen; as, to contract one's sphere of action.
In all things desuetude doth contract and narrow our faculties. -- Dr. H. More.
Contract (v. t.) To draw together so as to wrinkle; to knit.
Thou didst contract and purse thy brow. -- Shak.
Contract (v. t.) To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to contract a habit; to contract a debt; to contract a disease.
Each from each contract new strength and light. -- Pope.
Such behavior we contract by having much conversed with persons of high station. -- Swift.
Contract (v. t.) To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make a bargain or covenant for.
We have contracted an inviolable amity, peace, and lague with the aforesaid queen. -- Hakluyt.
Many persons . . . had contracted marriage within the degrees of consanguinity . . . prohibited by law. -- Strype.
Contract (v. t.) To betroth; to affiance.
The truth is, she and I, long since contracted, Are now so sure, that nothing can dissolve us. -- Shak.
Contract (v. t.) (Gram.) To shorten by omitting a letter or letters or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one.
Syn: To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen; condense; reduce; confine; incur; assume.
Contract (v. i.) To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration; as, iron contracts in cooling; a rope contracts when wet.
Years contracting to a moment. -- Wordsworth.
Contract (v. i.) To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain; as, to contract for carrying the mail.
Contract (a.) Contracted; as, a contract verb. -- Goodwin.
Contract (a.) Contracted; affianced; betrothed. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Contract (n.) (Law) The agreement of two or more persons, upon a sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to abstain from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a formal bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights. -- Wharton.
Contract (n.) A formal writing which contains the agreement of parties, with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a proof of the obligation.
Contract (n.) The act of formally betrothing a man and woman.
This is the the night of the contract. -- Longwellow.
Syn: Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain; arrangement; obligation. See Covenant.
Contract (n.) A binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law.
Contract (n.) (Contract bridge) The highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make [syn: contract, declaration].
Contract (n.) A variety of bridge in which the bidder receives points toward game only for the number of tricks he bid [syn: contract, contract bridge].
Contract (v.) Enter into a contractual arrangement [syn: contract, undertake].
Contract (v.) Engage by written agreement; "They signed two new pitchers for the next season" [syn: sign, contract, sign on, sign up].
Contract (v.) Squeeze or press together; "she compressed her lips"; "the spasm contracted the muscle" [syn: compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press].
Contract (v.) Be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness; "He got AIDS"; "She came down with pneumonia"; "She took a chill" [syn: contract, take, get].
Contract (v.) Become smaller or draw together; "The fabric shrank"; "The balloon shrank" [syn: shrink, contract] [ant: expand, spread out, stretch].
Contract (v.) Make smaller; "The heat contracted the woollen garment."
Contract (v.) Compress or concentrate; "Congress condensed the three-year plan into a six-month plan" [syn: condense, concentrate, contract].
Contract (v.) Make or become more narrow or restricted; "The selection was narrowed"; "The road narrowed" [syn: narrow, contract] [ant: widen].
Contract (v.) Reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened" [syn: abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce] [ant: dilate, elaborate, enlarge, expand, expatiate, exposit, expound, flesh out, lucubrate].
Contract , () This term, in its more extensive sense, includes every description of agreement, or obligation, whereby one party becomes bound to another to pay a sum of money, or to do or omit to do a certain act; or, a contract is an act which contains a perfect obligation. In its more confined sense, it is an agreement between two or more persons, concerning something to be, done, whereby both parties are hound to each other, *or one is bound to the other. 1 Pow. Contr. 6; Civ. Code of Lo. art. 1754; Code Civ. 1101; Poth. Oblig. pt. i. c. 1, S. 1, Sec. 1; Blackstone, (2 Comm. 442,) defines it to be an agreement, upon a sufficient consideration, to do or not to do a particular thing. A contract has also been defined to be a compact between two or more persons. 6 Cranch, R. 136.
Contract , () Contracts are divided into express or implied. An express contract is one where the terms of the agreement are openly uttered and avowed at the time of making, as to pay a stated price for certain goods. 2 Bl. Com. 443.
Contract , () Express contracts are of three sorts 1. BI parol, or in writing, as contradistinguished from specialties. 2. By specialty or under seal. 3. Of record.
Contract , () A parol contract is defined to be a bargain or voluntary agreement made, either orally or in writing not under, seal, upon a good consideration, between two or more persons capable of contracting, to, do a lawful act, or to omit to do something, the performance whereof is not enjoined by law. 1 Com. Contr. 2 Chit. Contr. 2.
Contract , () From this definition it appears, that to constitute a sufficient parol agreement, there must be, 1st. The reciprocal or mutual assent of two or more persons competent to contract. Every agreement ought to be so certain and complete, that each party may have an action upon it; and the agreement would be incomplete if either party withheld his assent to any of its terms. Peake's R. 227; 3 T. R. 653; 1 B. & A. 681 1 Pick. R. 278. The agreement must, in general, be obligatory on both parties, or it binds neither. To this rule there are, however, some exceptions, as in the case of an infant's contract. He may always sue, though he cannot be sued, on his contract. Stra. 937. See other instances; 6 East, 307; 3 Taunt. 169; 5 Taunt. 788; 3 B. & C. 232.
Contract , () There must be a good and valid consideration, motive or inducement to make the promise, upon which a party is charged, for this is of the very essence of a contract under seal, and must exist, although the contract be reduced to writing. 7 T. R. 350, note (a); 2 Bl. Coin. 444. See this Dict. Consideration; Fonb. Tr. Eq. 335, n. (a) Chit. Bills. 68.
Contract , () There must be a thing to be done, which is not forbidden; or a thing to be omitted, the performance of which is not enjoined by law. A fraudulent or immoral contract, or one contrary to public policy is void Chit. Contr. 215, 217, 222: and it is also void if contrary to a statute. Id. 228 to 250; 1 Binn. 118; 4 Dall. 298 4 Yeates, 24, 84; 6 Binn. 321; 4 Serg & Rawle, 159; 4 Dall. 269; 1 Binn. 110 2 Browne's R. 48. As to contracts which are void for want of a compliance with the statutes of frauds, see Frauds, Statute of.
Contract , () The second kind of express contracts are specialties, or those which are made under seal, as deeds, bonds, and the like; they are not merely written, but delivered over by the party bound. The solemnity and deliberation with which, on account of the ceremonies to be observed, a deed or bond is presumed to be entered into, attach to it an importance and character which do not belong to a simple contract. In the case of a specially, no consideration is necessary to give it validity, even in a court of equity. Plowd. 308; 7 T. R. 477; 4 B. & A. 652; 3 T. R. 438; 3 Bingh. 111, 112; 1 Fonb. Eq, 342, note When, a contract by specialty has been changed by a parol agreement, the whole of it becomes a parol contract. 2 Watts, 451; 9 Pick. 298; see 13 Wend. 71.
Contract , () The highest kind of express contracts are those of record, such as judgments, recognizances of bail, and in England, statutes merchant and staple, and other securities of the same nature, cutered into with the intervention of some public authority. 2 Bl. Com. 465. See Authentic Facts.
Contract , () Implied contracts are such as reason and justice dictates, and which, therefore, the law presumes every man undertakes to perform; as if a man employs another to do any business for him, or perform any work, the law implies that the former contracted or undertook to pay the latter as much as his labor is worth; see Quantum merwit; or if one takes up goods from a tradesman, without any agreement of price, the law concludes that he contracts to pay their value. 2 Bl. Com. 443. See Quantum valebant; Assumpsit. Com. Dig. Action upon the case upon assumpsit, A 1; Id. Agreement.
Contract , () By the laws of Louisiana, when considered as to the obligation of the parties, contracts are either unilateral or reciprocal. When the party to whom the engagement is made, makes no express agreement on his part, the contract is called unilateral, even in cases where the law attaches certain obligations to his acceptance. Civ. Code of Lo. art. 1758. A loan for use, and a loan of money, are of this kind. Poth. Ob. P. 1, c. 1, s. 1, art. 2. A reciprocal contract is where the parties expressly enter into mutual engagements such as sale, hire, and the like. Id.
Contract , () Contracts, considered in relation to their substance, are either commutative or independent, principal or accessory.
Contract , () Commutative contracts, are those in which what is done, given or promised by one party, is considered as equivalent to, or in consideration of what is done, given or promised by the other. Civ. Code of Lo. art. 1761.
Contract , () Independent contracts are those in which the mutual acts or promises have no relation to each other, either as equivalents or as considerations. Id. art. 1762.
Contract , () A principal contract is one entered into by both parties, on their accounts, or in the several qualities they assume.
Contract , () An accessory contract is made for assuring the performance of a prior contract, either by the same parties or by others, such as suretyship, mortgage, and pledges. Id. art. 1764. Poth. Obl. p. 1, c. 1, s. 1, art. 2, n. 14.
Contract , () Contracts, considered in relation to the motive for. making them, are either gratuitous or onerous. To be gratuitous, the object of a contract must be to benefit the person with whom it is made, without any profit or advantage, received or promised, as a consideration for it. It is not, however, the less gratuitous, if it proceed either from gratitude for a benefit before received, or from the hope of receiving one hereafter, although such benefits be of a pecuniary nature. Id. art. 1766. Any thing given or promised, as a consideration for the engagement or gift; any service, interest, or condition, imposed on what is given or promised, although unequal to it in value, makes a contract onerous in its nature. Id. art. 1767.
Contract , () Considered in relation to their effects, contracts are either certain or hazardous. A contract is certain, when the thing to be done is supposed to depend on the will of the party, or when, in the usual course of events, it must happen in the manner stipulated. It is hazardous, when the performance.of that which is one of its objects, depends on an uncertain event. Id. art. 1769.
Contract , () Pothier, in his excellent treatise on Obligations, p. 1, c. 1, s. 1, art. 2, divides contracts under the five following heads:
Contract , () Into reciprocal and unilateral.
Contract , () Into consensual, or those which are formed by the mere consent of the parties, such as sale, hiring and mandate; and those in which it is necessary there should be something more than mere consent, such as loan of money, deposit or pledge, which from their nature require a delivery of the thing, (rei); whence they are called real contracts. See Real Contracts.
Contract , () Into first, contracts of mutual interest, which are such as are entered into for the reciprocal interest and utility of each of the parties, as sales exchange, partnership, and the like.
Contract , () Contracts of beneficence, which are those by which only one of the contracting parties is benefited, as loans, deposit and mandate. 3d. Mixed contracts, which are those by which one of the parties confers a benefit on the other, receiving something of inferior value in return, such as a donation subject to a charge,
Contract , () Into principal and accessory.
Contract , () Into those which are subjected by the civil law to certain rules and forms, and those which ate regulated by mere natural justice. See, generally, as to contracts, Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.; Chitty on Contracts; Comyn on Contracts; Newland on Contracts; Com. Dig. titles Abatement, E 12, F 8; Admiralty, E 10, 11; Action upon the Case upon Assumpsit; Agreement; Bargain and Sale; Baron and Feme, Q; Condition; Dett, A 8, 9; Enfant, B 5; Idiot, D 1 Merchant, E 1; Pleader, 2 W, 11, 43; Trade D 3; War, B 2; Bac. Abr. tit. Agreement; Id. Assumpsit; Condition; Obligation; Vin. Abr. Condition; Contracts and Agreements; Covenants; Vendor, Vendee; Supp. to Ves. jr. vol. 2, p. 260, 295, 376, 441; Yelv. 47; 4 Ves. jr., 497, 671; Archb. Civ. Pl. 22; Code Civ. L. 3, tit. 3 to 18; Pothier's Tr. of Obligations Sugden on Vendors and Purchasers; Story's excellent treatise on Bailments; Jones on Bailments; Toullier, Droit Civil Francais, tomes 6 et 7; Ham. Parties to Actions, Ch. 1; Chit. Pr. Index, h.t.; and the articles Agreement; Apportionment; Appropriation; Assent; Assignment; Assumpsit; Attestation; Bailment; Bargain and sale; Bidder; Bilateral contract; Bill of Exchange; Buyer; Commodate; Condition; Consensual contract; Conjunctive; Consummation; Construction; Contracto of benevolence; Covenant; Cumulative contracts; Debt; Deed; Delegation. Delivery; Discharge Of a contract; Disjunctive; Equity of a redemption; Exchange; Guaranty; Impairing the obligation of contracts; Insurance; Interested contracts; Item; Misrepresentation; Mortgage; Mixed contract; Negociorum gestor; Novation; Obligation; Pactum constitutae, pecuniae; Partners; Partnership; Pledge; Promise; Purchaser; Quasi contract; Representation; Sale; Seller; Settlement; Simple contract; Synallagmatic contract; Subrogation; Title; Unilateral contract.
Contract or Benevolence, Civil law. One which is made for the benefit of only one of the contracting parties; such as loan for use, deposit, and mandate. Poth. Obl. n. 12. See Contracts.
Contracted (a.) Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; as, a contracted brow; a contracted noun.
Contracted (a.) Narrow; illiberal; selfish; as, a contracted mind; contracted views.
Contracted (a.) Bargained for; betrothed; as, a contracted peace.
Inquire me out contracted bachelors. -- Shak.
Contracted (a.) Reduced in size or pulled together; "the contracted pupils of her eyes" [ant: expanded] .
Contractedness (n.) The state of being contracted; narrowness; meanness; selfishness.
Contractibility (n.) Capability of being contracted; quality of being contractible; as, the contractibility and dilatability of air. -- Arbuthnot.
Contractible (a.) Capable of contraction.
Small air bladders distable and contractible. -- Arbuthnot.
Contractibleness (n.) Contractibility.
Contractile (a.) Tending to contract; having the power or property of contracting, or of shrinking into shorter or smaller dimensions; as, the contractile tissues.
The heart's contractile force. -- H. Brooke.
Each cilium seems to be composed of contractile substance. -- Hixley.
Contractile vacuole (Zool.), A pulsating cavity in the interior of a protozoan, supposed to be excretory in function. There may be one, two, or more.
Contractile (a.) Capable of contracting or being contracted; "the contractile wings of an insect".
Contractility (n.) The quality or property by which bodies shrink or contract.
Contractility (n.) (Physiol.) The power possessed by the fibers of living muscle of contracting or shortening.
Note: When subject to the will, as in the muscles of locomotion, such power is called voluntary contractility; when not controlled by the will, as in the muscles of the heart, it is involuntary contractility.
Contractility (n.) The capability or quality of shrinking or contracting, especially by muscle fibers and even some other forms of living matter.
Contraction (n.) 收縮；縮短 [U] [S1]；【語】縮短，縮約；縮短形，縮約形式 [U] [C] The act or process of contracting, shortening, or shrinking; the state of being contracted; as, contraction of the heart, of the pupil of the eye, or of a tendion; the contraction produced by cold.
Contraction (n.) (Math.) The process of shortening an operation.
Contraction (n.) The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as liabilities, obligation, debts, etc.; the process of becoming subject to; as, the contraction of a disease.
Contraction (n.) Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word or phrase; -- as, plenipo for plenipotentiary; crim. con. for criminal conversation, etc.
Contraction (n.) (Gram.) The shortening of a word, or of two words, by the omission of a letter or letters, or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one; as, ne'er for never; can't for can not; don't for do not; it's for it is.
Contraction (n.) A marriage contract. [Obs.] -- Shak.
Contraction (n.) (Physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber) [syn: contraction, muscular contraction, muscle contraction].
Contraction (n.) The process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; "the contraction of a gas on cooling" [syn: compression, condensation, contraction].
Contraction (n.) A word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds; "`won't' is a contraction of `will not'"; "`o'clock' is a contraction of `of the clock'"
Contraction (n.) The act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope [ant: enlargement, expansion].
Reduction
Contraction
(Or "contraction") The process of transforming an expression according to certain reduction rules. The most important forms are beta reduction (application of a lambda abstraction to one or more argument expressions) and delta reduction (application of a mathematical function to the required number of arguments).
An evaluation strategy (or Reduction strategy), Determines which part of an expression (which redex) to reduce first.
There are many such strategies.
See graph reduction, string reduction, normal order reduction, applicative order reduction, parallel reduction, alpha conversion, beta conversion, delta conversion, eta conversion. (1995-02-21)
Contraction () An abbreviation; a mode of writing or printing by which some of the letters of a word are omitted. See Abbreviations.
Contractive (a.) Tending to contract; having the property or power or power of contracting.
Contractor (n.) One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who contracts to perform work on a rather large scale, at a certain price or rate, as in building houses or making a railroad.
Contractor (n.) Someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things.
Contractor (n.) The bridge player in contract bridge who wins the bidding and can declare which suit is to be trumps [syn: contractor, declarer].
Contractor (n.) (Law) A party to a contract.
Contractor (n.) A bodily organ that contracts [syn: contractile organ, contractor].
Contractual (a.) 契約的 Relating to or part of a binding legal agreement; "contractual obligations".
Contracture (n.) (Med.) A state of permanent rigidity or contraction of the muscles, generally of the flexor muscles.
Contracture (n.) An abnormal and usually permanent contraction of a muscle.
Contradance (n.) 對舞；對舞曲（contredanse之變體） A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in opposite lines.
Contradance (n.) A type of folk dance in which couples are arranged in sets or face one another in a line [syn: country-dance, country dancing, contredanse, contra danse, contradance].
Contradance (v.) Perform a contradance [syn: contradance, country-dance, contredanse, contra danse].
Contradict (v. i.) 否認；反駁；發生矛盾 To oppose in words; to gainsay; to deny, or assert the contrary of, something.
They . . . spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming. -- Acts xiii. 45.
Contradicted (imp. & p. p.) of Contradict.
Contradicting (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Contradict.
Contradict (v. t.) 否定（陳述等）；反駁；提出論據反對；與……矛盾；與……抵觸 To assert the contrary of; to oppose in words; to take issue with; to gainsay; to deny the truth of, as of a statement or a speaker; to impugn.
Dear Duff, I prithee, contradict thyself, And say it is not so. -- Shak.
The future can not contradict the past. -- Wordsworth.
Contradict (v. t.) To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
No truth can contradict another truth. -- Hooker.
A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted our intents. -- Shak.
Contradict (v.) Be in contradiction with [syn: contradict, belie, negate].
Contradict (v.) Deny the truth of [syn: contradict, negate, contravene].
Contradict (v.) Be resistant to; "The board opposed his motion" [syn: oppose, controvert, contradict].
Contradict (v.) Prove negative; show to be false [syn: negate, contradict] [ant: affirm, confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, sustain].
Contradictable (a.) 可加以反駁的 Capable of being contradicted.
Contradicter (n.) (pl. - s) One who contradicts. -- Swift.