Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter A - Page 48
Alp (n.) A bullfinch. -- Rom. of R.
Alp (n.) A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc.
Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp. -- Milton.
Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise. -- Pope.
Alp (n.) Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted.
Note: The plural form Alps is sometimes used as a singular. "The Alps doth spit." -- Shak.
Alp (n.) Any high mountain.
ALP, () Access Linux Platform (Linux, PDA, Palm).
ALP, () Assembly Language Processor (IBM).
ALP, () A list processing extension of Mercury Autocode.
["ALP, An Autocode List-Processing Language", D.C. Cooper et al, Computer J 5:28-31, 1962].
(1995-01-24)
Alpaca (n.) (Zool.) An animal of Peru ({Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama.
Alpaca (n.) Wool of the alpaca.
Alpaca (n.) A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.
Alpaca (n.) Wool of the alpaca.
Alpaca (n.) A thin glossy fabric made of the wool of the Lama pacos, or made of a rayon or cotton imitation of that wool.
Alpaca (n.) Domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco [syn: alpaca, Lama pacos].
Alpen (a.) Of or pertaining to the Alps. [R.] "The Alpen snow." -- J. Fletcher.
Alpenstock (n.) A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the Alps. -- Cheever.
Alpenstock (n.) A stout staff with a metal point; used by mountain climbers.
Alpestrine (a.) Pertaining to the Alps, or other high mountains; as, Alpestrine diseases, etc.
Alpestrine (a.) (Bot.) Growing on the elevated parts of mountains, but not above the timber line; subalpine.
Alpestrine (a.) Growing at high altitudes [syn: alpestrine, subalpine].
Alpha (n.) The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the beginning.
In am
Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. -- Rev.
xxii. 13.
Note: Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was the alpha of the wits.
Note: In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha ([alpha]); as, [alpha] Lyr[ae].
Alpha (a.) First in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star".
Alpha (a.) Early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version".
Alpha (n.) The 1st letter of the Greek alphabet.
Alpha (n.) The beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end" -- Revelations.
ALPHA, ()
Input
(Or "Input") An extension of ALGOL 60 for the M-20 computer developed by A.P. Ershov at Novosibirsk in 1961. ALPHA includes matrix operations, slices, and complex arithmetic.
["The Alpha Automatic Programming System", A.P. Ershov ed., A-P 1971]. (1995-05-10)
Alpha, () A compiler generator written by Andreas Koschinsky and described in his thesis at the Technische Universitaet Berlin. Alpha takes an attribute grammar and uses Bison and Flex to generate a parser, a scanner and an ASE evaluator (Jazayeri and Walter).
The documentation is in german. (1993-02-16)
Alpha, () DEC Alpha. (1995-05-10)
Alpha, NJ -- U.S. borough in New Jersey
Population (2000): 2482
Housing Units (2000): 1034
Land area (2000): 1.697667 sq. miles (4.396936 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.038457 sq. miles (0.099604 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1.736124 sq. miles (4.496540 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01030
Located within: New Jersey (NJ), FIPS 34
Location: 40.664003 N, 75.159871 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 08865
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpha, NJ
Alpha
Alpha, IL -- U.S. village in Illinois
Population (2000): 726
Housing Units (2000): 318
Land area (2000): 0.321989 sq. miles (0.833947 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.321989 sq. miles (0.833947 sq. km)
FIPS code: 00971
Located within: Illinois (IL), FIPS 17
Location: 41.192203 N, 90.380943 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 61413
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpha, IL
Alpha
Alpha, MI -- U.S. village in Michigan
Population (2000): 198
Housing Units (2000): 118
Land area (2000): 0.940174 sq. miles (2.435039 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.053292 sq. miles (0.138026 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.993466 sq. miles (2.573065 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01800
Located within: Michigan (MI), FIPS 26
Location: 46.044786 N, 88.378419 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpha, MI
Alpha
Alpha, MN -- U.S. city in Minnesota
Population (2000): 126
Housing Units (2000): 61
Land area (2000): 0.177101 sq. miles (0.458690 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.177101 sq. miles (0.458690 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01162
Located within: Minnesota (MN), FIPS 27
Location: 43.638242 N, 94.871621 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 56111
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpha, MN
Alpha
Alphabet (n.) The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language.
Alphabet (n.) The simplest rudiments; elements.
The very alphabet of our law. -- Macaulay.
Deaf and dumb alphabet. See Dactylology.
Alphabet (v. t.) To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically. [R.]
Alphabet (n.) A character set that includes letters and is used to write a language.
Alphabet (n.) The elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); "he mastered only the rudiments of geometry" [syn: rudiment, first rudiment, first principle, alphabet, ABC, ABC's, ABCs].
Alphabetarian (n.) A learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian. -- Abp. Sancroft. Alphabetic
Alphabetic (a.) Alt. of Alphabetical
Alphabetical (a.) 字母的；照字母次序的 Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of, the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic characters, writing, languages, arrangement. English has an alphabetical writing system.
Alphabetical (a.) Literal. [Obs.] "Alphabetical servility." -- Milton.
Alphabetical (a.) In alphabetical order.
Syn: abecedarian
Alphabetic (a.) Relating to or expressed by a writing system that uses an alphabet; "alphabetical writing system" [syn: {alphabetic}, {alphabetical}] [ant: {analphabetic}].
Alphabetic (a.) Arranged in order according to the alphabet; "an alphabetic arrangement"; "dictionaries list words in alphabetical order" [syn: {alphabetic}, {alphabetical}] [ant: {analphabetic}].
Alphabetically (adv.) In an alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.
Alphabetically (adv.) In alphabetical order; "the list was arranged alphabetically".
Alphabetics (n.) The science of representing spoken sounds by letters.
Alphabetism (n.) The expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet. -- Encyc. Brit.
Alphabetize (v. t.) To arrange alphabetically; as, to alphabetize a list of words.
Alphabetize (v. t.) To furnish with an alphabet.
Alphabetize (v.) Arrange in alphabetical order; "Alphabetize the list" [syn: alphabetize, alphabetise].
Alphabetize (v.) Provide with an alphabet; "Cyril and Method alphabetized the Slavic languages".
Alphitomancy (n.) Divination by means of barley meal. -- Knowles.
Alphonsine (a.) Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252-1284).
Alphonsine tables, Astronomical tables prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise. -- Whewell.
Alpigene (a.) Growing in Alpine regions.
Alpine (a.) Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows; Alpine plants.
Alpine (a.) Like the Alps; lofty. "Gazing up an Alpine height." -- Tennyson.
Compare: Highland
Highland (a.) Of, located in, or characteristic of high or hilly country.
Contrasted to lowland. [prenominal] [Narrower terms: alpestrine, subalpine ; alpine; {mountain(prenominal) ; mountainous ].
Syn: upland.
Alpine (a.) Relating to or characteristic of alps; "alpine sports".
Alpine (a.) Relating to the Alps and their inhabitants; "Alpine countries, Switzerland, Italy, France, and Germany".
Alpine (a.) Living or growing above the timber line; "alpine flowers".
Alpine -- U.S. County in California
Population (2000): 1208
Housing Units (2000): 1514
Land area (2000): 738.616840 sq. miles (1913.008753 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 4.572578 sq. miles (11.842922 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 743.189418 sq. miles (1924.851675 sq. km)
Located within: California (CA), FIPS 06
Location: 38.632506 N, 119.888663 W
Headwords:
Alpine
Alpine, CA
Alpine County
Alpine County, CA
Alpine, WY -- U.S. town in Wyoming
Population (2000): 550
Housing Units (2000): 274
Land area (2000): 0.698075 sq. miles (1.808006 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.698075 sq. miles (1.808006 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01695
Located within: Wyoming (WY), FIPS 56
Location: 43.161223 N, 111.017883 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpine, WY
Alpine
Alpine, AK -- U.S. Census Designated Place in Alaska
Population (2000): 0
Housing Units (2000): 0
Land area (2000): 38.255517 sq. miles (99.081329 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.937052 sq. miles (2.426953 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 39.192569 sq. miles (101.508282 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01882
Located within: Alaska (AK), FIPS 02
Location: 70.238218 N, 150.994388 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpine, AK
Alpine
Alpine, CA -- U.S. Census Designated Place in California
Population (2000): 13143
Housing Units (2000): 4958
Land area (2000): 26.872456 sq. miles (69.599339 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.003649 sq. miles (0.009450 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 26.876105 sq. miles (69.608789 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01192
Located within: California (CA), FIPS 06
Location: 32.834563 N, 116.770615 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 91901
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpine, CA
Alpine
Alpine, NJ -- U.S. borough in New Jersey
Population (2000): 2183
Housing Units (2000): 730
Land area (2000): 6.355927 sq. miles (16.461774 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 2.816638 sq. miles (7.295059 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 9.172565 sq. miles (23.756833 sq. km)
FIPS code: 01090
Located within: New Jersey (NJ), FIPS 34
Location: 40.954346 N, 73.930472 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 07620
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpine, NJ
Alpine
Alpine, TX -- U.S. city in Texas
Population (2000): 5786
Housing Units (2000): 2852
Land area (2000): 4.084764 sq. miles (10.579489 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 4.084764 sq. miles (10.579489 sq. km)
FIPS code: 02104
Located within: Texas (TX), FIPS 48
Location: 30.360718 N, 103.665418 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 79830
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpine, TX
Alpine
Alpine, UT -- U.S. city in Utah
Population (2000): 7146
Housing Units (2000): 1734
Land area (2000): 7.202921 sq. miles (18.655479 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 7.202921 sq. miles (18.655479 sq. km)
FIPS code: 00540
Located within: Utah (UT), FIPS 49
Location: 40.456374 N, 111.773693 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 84004
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Alpine, UT
Alpine
Alpinist (n.) A climber of the Alps.
Alpinist (n.) A mountain climber who specializes in difficult climbs.
Alpist (n.) Alt. of Alpia
Alpia (n.) The seed of canary grass ({Phalaris Canariensis), used for feeding cage birds.
Al-Qaeda (n.) 蓋達組織 （阿拉伯語：القاعدة，意為「基地」）， 陸譯「基地」組織、港譯阿爾蓋達組織或阿蓋達組織、馬新譯作卡伊達組織；又譯凱達組織、開打組織，是一個伊斯蘭教軍事組織，成立於1988年，被指策劃了多宗主要針對美國的恐怖襲擊；其被聯合國安全理事會列為世界恐怖組織之一。
Al-Qaeda (/ælˈkaɪdə/ or /ˌælkɑːˈiːdə/; Arabic: القاعدة al-qāʿidah, Arabic: [ælqɑːʕɪdɐ], translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988[29] by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, [30] and several other Arab volunteers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s. [6]
Al-Qaeda operates as a network made up of Islamic extremist, Salafist jihadists. It has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, the United States, Russia, India, and various other countries (see below). Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets in various countries, including the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, the September 11 attacks, and the 2002 Bali bombings. The U.S. government responded to the September 11 attacks by launching the "War on Terror". With the loss of key leaders, culminating in the death of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda's operations have devolved from actions that were controlled from the top down, to actions by associated groups and lone-wolf operators. Characteristic techniques employed by al-Qaeda include suicide attacks and the simultaneous bombing of different targets. [31] Activities ascribed to it may involve members of the movement who have made a pledge of loyalty to bin Laden, or the much more numerous "al-Qaeda-linked" individuals who have undergone training in one of its camps in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq or Sudan. [32] Al-Qaeda ideologues envision a complete break from all foreign influences in Muslim countries, and the creation of a new caliphate ruling over the entire Muslim world. [4] [33] [34]
Among the beliefs ascribed to al-Qaeda members is the conviction that a Christian–Jewish alliance is conspiring to destroy Islam. [35] As Salafist jihadists, they believe that the killing of non-combatants is religiously sanctioned, but they ignore any aspect of religious scripture which might be interpreted as forbidding the murder of non-combatants and internecine fighting.[1][36] Al-Qaeda also opposes what it regards as man-made laws, and it wants to replace them with a strict form of sharia law. [37]
Al-Qaeda has carried out many attacks on targets it considers kafir.[38] Al-Qaeda is also responsible for instigating sectarian violence among Muslims.[39] Al-Qaeda's leaders regard liberal Muslims, Shias, Sufis and other sects as heretical and its members and sympathizers have attacked their mosques and gatherings. [40] Examples of sectarian attacks include the Yazidi community bombings, the Sadr City bombings, the Ashoura massacre and the April 2007 Baghdad bombings. [41]
Since the death of bin Laden in 2011, the group has been led by the Egyptian Ayman al-Zawahiri.
Alquifou (n.) A lead ore found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green glaze to their wares; potter's ore.
Already (adv.) Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously. "Joseph was in Egypt already." -- Exod. i. 5.
I say unto you, that Elias is come already. -- Matt. xvii. 12.
Note: It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be already completed, or will have been already completed.
Already (adv.) Prior to a specified or implied time; "she has already graduated".
Als (adv.) Also. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Als (adv.) As. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Alsatian (a.) Pertaining to Alsatia.
Alsatian (n.) An inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.
Alsatian (a.) Of or relating to or characteristic of Alsace or its inhabitants.
Alsatian (n.) A native or inhabitant of Alsace.
Alsatian (n.) Breed of large shepherd dogs used in police work and as a guide for the blind [syn: German shepherd, German shepherd dog, German police dog, alsatian].
Al segno () (Mus.) A direction for the performer to return and recommence from the sign ?.
Al-Shabaab (militant group) (n.) 聖戰者青年運動（索馬利亞語：Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab；阿拉伯語：حركة الشباب المجاهدين，Ḥarakat ash-Shabāb al-Mujāhidīn），通稱青年黨（阿拉伯語：الشباب，al-Shabaab）， 是活動在東非國家索馬利亞的一個伊斯蘭原教旨主義恐怖組織，它支持恐怖主義頭目賓·拉登和蓋達組織，並不斷在索馬利亞和索馬利亞邊境國家，如肯亞、利比 亞、烏干達等地製造恐怖主義事件，屠殺平民，意圖推翻非洲聯盟和索馬利亞政府，該組織目前主要控制了索馬利亞的中南部土地 [4]。索馬利亞青年黨、伊斯蘭馬格里布蓋達組織和奈及利亞「博科聖地」是已經形成了勢力龐大的恐怖主義組織 [5]。
Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM; Arabic: حركة الشباب المجاهدين, Ḥarakat ash-Shabāb al-Mujāhidīn; Somali: Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab, lit. "Mujahideen Youth Movement" or "Movement of Striving Youth"), more commonly known as al-Shabaab (Arabic: الشباب, lit. '"The Youth" or "The Youngsters", but can be translated as "The Guys"'), is a jihadist fundamentalist group based in East Africa. In 2012, it pledged allegiance to the militant Islamist organization Al-Qaeda. [7] In February of the year, some of the group's leaders quarreled with Al-Qaeda over the union, [8] [9] and quickly lost ground. [10] Al-Shabaab's troop strength was estimated at 7,000 to 9,000 militants in 2014. [5] As of 2015, the group has retreated from the major cities, controlling a few rural areas. [11]
Al-Shabaab is an offshoot of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which splintered into several smaller factions after its defeat in 2006 by Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the TFG's Ethiopian military allies. [12] The group describes itself as waging jihad against "enemies of Islam", and is engaged in combat against the Federal Government of Somalia and the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Al-Shabaab has been designated as a terrorist organization by Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. [13] [14] As of June 2012, the US State Department has open bounties on several of the group's senior commanders. [15]
In early August 2011, the Transitional Federal Government's troops and their AMISOM allies managed to capture all of Mogadishu from the Al-Shabaab militants. [16] An ideological rift within the group's leadership also emerged, and several of the organization's senior commanders were assassinated. [17] Due to its Wahhabi roots, Al Shabaab is hostile to Sufi traditions, [18] and has often clashed with the militant Sufi group Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a. [19] The group has also been suspected of having links with Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb and Boko Haram. It attracted some members from western countries, including Samantha Lewthwaite and Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki.
In August 2014, the Somali government-led Operation Indian Ocean was launched to clean up the remaining insurgent-held pockets in the countryside. [20] On 1 September 2014, a U.S. drone strike carried out as part of the broader mission killed Al-Shabaab leader Moktar Ali Zubeyr. [21] U.S. authorities hailed the raid as a major symbolic and operational loss for al-Shabaab, and the Somali government offered a 45-day amnesty to all moderate members of the militant group. [22]
Alsike (n.) A species of clover with pinkish or white flowers; Trifolium hybridum.
Also (adv. & conj.) In like manner; likewise. [Obs.]
Also (adv. & conj.) In addition; besides; as well; further; too.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. -- Matt. vi. 20.
Also (adv. & conj.) Even as; as; so. [Obs.] -- Chaucer.
Syn: Also, Likewise, Too.
Usage: These words are used by way of transition, in leaving one thought and passing to another. Also is the widest term. It denotes that what follows is all so, or entirely like that which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, "If you were there, I was there also;" "If our situation has some discomforts, it has also many sources of enjoyment." Too is simply less formal and pointed than also; it marks the transition with a lighter touch; as, "I was there too;" "a courtier yet a patriot too." --Pope. Likewise denotes literally "in like manner," and hence has been thought by some to be more specific than also. "It implies," says Whately, "some connection or agreement between the words it unites. We may say, ` He is a
poet, and likewise a musician; ' but we should not say, ` He is a prince, and likewise a musician,' because there is no natural connection between these qualities." This distinction, however, is often disregarded.
Also (adv.) In addition; "he has a Mercedes, too" [syn: besides, too, also, likewise, as well].
Alt (a. & n.) (Mus.) The higher part of the scale. See Alto.
To be in alt, to be in an exalted state of mind. Altaian
ALT (n.) Angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object) [syn: elevation, EL, altitude, ALT]
Alt (n.) The alt shift key on an IBM PC or clone keyboard; see bucky bits, sense 2 (though typical PC usage does not simply set the 0200 bit).
Alt (n.) The option key on a Macintosh; use of this term usually reveals that the speaker hacked PCs before coming to the Mac (see also feature key, which is sometimes incorrectly called ?alt?).
Alt (n.) The alt hierarchy on Usenet, the tree of newsgroups created by users without a formal vote and approval procedure. There is a myth, not entirely implausible, that alt is acronymic for ?anarchists, lunatics, and terrorists?; but in fact it is simply short for ?alternative?.
Alt (n.) obs. Rare alternate name for the ASCII ESC character (ASCII 0011011).
This use, derives, with the alt key itself, from archaic PDP-10 operating systems, especially ITS.
Alt
Altmode, () The alt modifier key on many keyboards, including the IBM PC. On some keyboards and operating systems, (but not the IBM PC) the alt key sets bit 7 of the character generated.
See bucky bits.
Alt
Altmode, () The "{clover" or "Command" key on a Macintosh; use of this term usually reveals that the speaker hacked PCs before coming to the Mac (see also feature key). Some Mac hackers, confusingly, reserve "alt" for the Option key (and it is so labelled on some Mac II keyboards).
Alt
Altmode, () (Obsolete PDP-10; often "ALT") An alternate name for the ASCII ESC character (Escape, ASCII 27), after the keycap labelling on some older terminals; also "altmode" (/awlt'mohd/). This character was almost never pronounced "escape" on an ITS system, in TECO or under TOPS-10, always alt, as in "Type alt alt to end a TECO command" or "alt-U onto the system" (for "log onto the [ITS] system"). This usage probably arose because alt is easier to say.
Alt
Altmode, () One of the Usenet newsgroup hierarchies.
It was founded by John Gilmore and Brian Reid. The alt hierarchy is special in that anyone can create new groups here without going though the normal voting proceduers, hence the regular appearence of new groups with names such as "alt.swedish.chef.bork.bork.bork".
[{Jargon File]
(1997-04-12)
Altaian (a.) Alt. of Altaic.
Altaic (a.) Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.
Altar (n.) [C]（教堂內的）聖壇，祭壇；（基督教教堂內的）聖餐臺 A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity.
Noah builded an altar unto the Lord. -- Gen. viii. 20.
Altar (n.) In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table.
Note: Altar is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, altar bread or altar-bread.
Altar cloth or Altar-cloth, The cover for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly embroidered.
Altar cushion, A cushion laid upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service book.
Altar frontal. See Frontal.
Altar rail, The railing in front of the altar or communion table.
Altar
screen, A wall
or partition built behind an altar to protect it from approach in the
rear.
Altar tomb, A tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc.
Family altar, Place of family devotions.
To lead (as a bride) to the altar, To marry; -- said of a woman.
Altar (n.) The table in Christian churches where communion is given [syn: {altar}, {communion table}, {Lord's table}].
Altar (n.) A raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made.
Altar, () (Heb. mizbe'ah, from a word meaning "to slay"), any structure of earth (Ex. 20:24) or unwrought stone (20:25) on which sacrifices were offered. Altars were generally erected in conspicuous places (Gen. 22:9; Ezek. 6:3; 2 Kings 23:12; 16:4; 23:8; Acts 14:13). The word is used in Heb. 13:10 for the sacrifice offered upon it--the sacrifice Christ offered.
Paul found among the many altars erected in Athens one bearing the inscription, "To the unknown God" (Acts 17:23), or rather "to an [i.e., some] unknown God." The reason for this inscription cannot now be accurately determined. It afforded the apostle the occasion of proclaiming the gospel to the "men of
Athens."
The first altar we read of is that erected by Noah (Gen. 8:20). Altars were erected by Abraham (Gen. 12:7; 13:4; 22:9), by Isaac (Gen. 26:25), by Jacob (33:20; 35:1, 3), and by Moses (Ex. 17:15, "Jehovah-nissi").
In the tabernacle, and afterwards in the temple, two altars were erected.
(1.) The altar of burnt offering (Ex. 30:28), called also the "brasen altar" (Ex. 39:39) and "the table of the Lord" (Mal. 1:7).
This altar, as erected in the tabernacle, is described in Ex. 27:1-8. It was a hollow square, 5 cubits in length and in breadth, and 3 cubits in height. It was made of shittim wood, and was overlaid with plates of brass. Its corners were ornamented with "horns" (Ex. 29:12; Lev. 4:18).
In Ex. 27:3 the various utensils appertaining to the altar are enumerated. They were made of brass. (Comp. 1 Sam. 2:13, 14; Lev. 16:12; Num. 16:6, 7.)
In Solomon's temple the altar was of larger dimensions (2 Chr. 4:1. Comp. 1 Kings 8:22, 64; 9:25), and was made wholly of brass, covering a structure of stone or earth. This altar was renewed by Asa (2 Chr. 15:8). It was removed by Ahaz (2 Kings 16:14), and "cleansed" by Hezekiah, in the latter part of whose reign it was rebuilt. It was finally broken up and carried away by the Babylonians (Jer. 52:17).
After the return from captivity it was re-erected (Ezra 3:3, 6) on the same place where it had formerly stood. (Comp. 1 Macc. 4:47.) When Antiochus Epiphanes pillaged Jerusalem the altar of burnt offering was taken away.
Again the altar was erected by Herod, and remained in its place till the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans (70 A.D.).
The fire on the altar was not permitted to go out (Lev. 6:9).
In the Mosque of Omar, immediately underneath the great dome, which occupies the site of the old temple, there is a rough projection of the natural rock, of about 60 feet in its extreme length, and 50 in its greatest breadth, and in its highest part about 4 feet above the general pavement. This rock seems to have been left intact when Solomon's temple was built. It was in all probability the site of the altar of burnt offering. Underneath this rock is a cave, which may probably have been the granary of Araunah's threshing-floor (1 Chr. 21:22).
(2.) The altar of incense (Ex. 30:1-10), called also "the golden altar" (39:38; Num. 4:11), stood in the holy place "before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony." On this altar sweet spices were continually burned with fire taken from the brazen altar. The morning and the evening services were commenced by the high priest offering incense on this altar. The burning of the incense was a type of prayer (Ps. 141:2; Rev. 5:8; 8:3, 4).
This altar was a small movable table, made of acacia wood overlaid with gold (Ex. 37:25, 26). It was 1 cubit in length and breadth, and 2 cubits in height.
In Solomon's temple the altar was similar in size, but was made of cedar-wood (1 Kings 6:20; 7:48) overlaid with gold. In Ezek. 41:22 it is called "the altar of wood." (Comp. Ex. 30:1-6.)
In the temple built after the Exile the altar was restored.
Antiochus Epiphanes took it away, but it was afterwards restored by Judas Maccabaeus (1 Macc. 1:23; 4:49). Among the trophies carried away by Titus on the destruction of Jerusalem the altar of incense is not found, nor is any mention made of it in Heb. 9. It was at this altar Zacharias ministered when an angel appeared to him (Luke 1:11). It is the only altar which appears in the heavenly temple (Isa. 6:6; Rev. 8:3,4).
ALTAR, (n.) The place whereupon the priest formerly raveled out the small intestine of the sacrificial victim for purposes of divination and cooked its flesh for the gods. The word is now seldom used, except with reference to the sacrifice of their liberty and peace by a male and a female tool.
They stood before the altar and supplied The fire themselves in which their fat was fried.
In vain the sacrifice! -- no god will claim An offering burnt with an unholy flame. M. P. Nopput
Altarage (n.) The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.
Altarage (n.) The profit which accrues to the priest, by reason of the altar, from the small tithes. --Shipley.
ALTARAGE, eccl. law. Offerings made on the altar; all profits which accrue to the priest by means of the altar. Ayl. Par. 61; 2 Cro. 516.
Altarist (n.) (Old Law) A chaplain.
Altarist (n.) (Old Law) A vicar of a church.
Altarpiece (n.) 祭壇的裝飾品 The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos.
Altarpiece (n.) A painted or carved screen placed above and behind an altar or communion table [syn: altarpiece, reredos].
Altarwise (adv.) In the proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church with its ends towards the north and south. -- Shipley.
Altazimuth (n.) (Astron.) An instrument for taking azimuths and altitudes simultaneously.
Altazimuth (n.) An instrument that measures the altitude and azimuth of celestial bodies; used in navigation.
Altered (imp. & p. p.) of Alter.
Altering (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Alter.
Alter (v. t.) 改變；修改 To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify. "To alter the king's course." "To alter the condition of a man." "No power in Venice can alter a decree." -- Shak.
It gilds all objects, but it alters none. -- Pope.
My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. -- Ps. lxxxix. 34.
Alter (v. t.) To agitate; to affect mentally. [Obs.] -- Milton.
Alter (v. t.) To geld. [Colloq.]
Syn: Change, Alter.
Usage: Change is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity.
Alter (v. i.) 改變，變樣 To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure. "The law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not." -- Dan. vi. 8.
Alter (v.) Cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue" [syn: {change}, {alter}, {modify}].
Alter (v.) Become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; "her mood changes in accordance with the weather"; "The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season" [syn: {change}, {alter}, {vary}].
Alter (v.) Make an alteration to; "This dress needs to be altered".
Alter (v.) Insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby [syn: {interpolate}, {alter}, {falsify}].
Alter (v.) Remove the ovaries of; "Is your cat spayed?" [syn: {alter}, {neuter}, {spay}, {castrate}].
ALTER, () An SQL Data Definition Language command that adds or removes columns or indexes to/ from a table or modifies the table definition in some other way. This differs from the INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE ({Data Modification Language) commands in that those change the data stored in the table but not its definition.
MySQL ALTER TABLE command (2009-11-10)
Alterability (n.) 可變更性，可更改性 The quality of being alterable; alterableness.
Alterability (n.) The quality of being alterable [ant: unalterability].
Alterable (a.) 可改變的；可修改的 Capable of being altered.
Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain, alterable by a thousand accidents. -- Rogers.
Alterable (a.) Capable of being changed or altered in some characteristic; "alterable clothing"; "alterable conditions of employment" [ant: inalterable, unalterable].
Alterable (a.) (Of the punishment ordered by a court) capable of being changed to one less severe.
Alterableness (n.) The quality of being alterable; variableness; alterability.
Alterably (adv.) In an alterable manner.
Alterant (a.) Altering; gradually changing. -- Bacon.
Alterant (n.) An alterative. [R.] -- Chambers.
Alteration (n.) 改變，變更，修改；變樣 [U] [C] The act of altering or making different.
Alteration, though it be from worse to better, hath in it incoveniences. -- Hooker.
Alteration (n.) The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; changed condition.
Ere long might perceive Strange alteration in me. -- Milton.
Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who had been slaves; by which, and succeeding alterations, that council degenerated into a most corrupt. -- Swift.
Alteration (n.) An event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; "the change was intended to increase sales"; "this storm is certainly a change for the worse"; "the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago" [syn: change, alteration, modification].
Alteration (n.)
The act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment) [syn:
alteration, modification, adjustment].
Alteration (n.) The act of revising or altering
(involving reconsideration and modification); "it would require a drastic
revision of his opinion" [syn: revision, alteration].
Alteration (n.) (C1) [ C ] （通常指輕微地）改動，修改；改變，（使）變化 A change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character, or structure of something.
// Several police officers are being questioned about the alteration of the documents.
// The house needed extensive alterations when we moved in.
// Some alterations to our original plans might be necessary.
Alteration (n.) [ C or U ] （對衣服尺寸和形狀的）修改 A change or changes made to the size or shape of a piece of clothing so that it fits better.
// She's getting some alterations done to her dress.
Alteration (n.) (C1) [ U ] 變化（過程） The process of changing something.
// The landscape has undergone considerable alteration.
Alterative (a.) 改變的；有改變體質作用的變質劑；體質改善方法 Causing ateration. Specifically: Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions into one of health. -- Burton.
Alterative (a.) Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions into one of health.
Alterative (a.) Tending to cure or restore to health; "curative powers of herbal remedies"; "her gentle healing hand"; "remedial surgery"; "a sanative environment of mountains and fresh air"; "a therapeutic agent"; "therapeutic diets" [syn: {curative}, {healing(p)}, {alterative}, {remedial}, {sanative}, {therapeutic}].
Alterative (n.) A medicine or treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy functions without sensible evacuations.
Altercated (imp. & p. p.) of Altercate.
Altercating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Altercate.
Altercate (v. i.) 爭論；爭吵 To contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.
Altercate (v.) Have a disagreement over something; "We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America"; "These two fellows are always scrapping over something" [syn: quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate].
Altercation (n.) 爭論；爭吵 [U] [C] [（+about/ over）] Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest. "Stormy altercations." -- Macaulay.
Syn: Altercation, Dispute, Wrangle.
Usage: The term dispute is in most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest; as, a dispute on the lawfulness of war. An altercation is an angry dispute between two parties, involving an interchange of severe language. A wrangle is a confused and noisy altercation.
Their whole life was little else than a perpetual wrangling and altercation. -- Hakewill.
Altercation (n.) Noisy quarrel [syn: affray, altercation, fracas].
Altercative (a.) Characterized by wrangling; scolding. [R.] -- Fielding.
Alterity (n.) The state or quality of being other; a being otherwise. [R.]
For outness is but the feeling of otherness (alterity) rendered intuitive, or alterity visually represented. -- Coleridge.
Altern (a.) Acting by turns; alternate. -- Milton.
Altern base (Trig.), A second side made base, in
distinction from a side previously regarded as base.
Alternacy (n.) Alternateness; alternation. [R.] -- Mitford.
Alternant (a.) (Geol.) Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.
Alternate (a.) 交互的，輪流的 Being or succeeding by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then the other; hence, reciprocal.
And bid alternate passions fall and rise. -- Pope.
Alternate (a.) Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. ; read every alternate line.
Alternate (a.) (Bot.) Distributed, as leaves, singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence. -- Gray.
Alternate alligation. See Alligation.
Alternate angles (Geom.), The internal and angles made by two lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD, are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles BGH and GHC, are called alternate angles.
Alternate generation. (Biol.) See under Generation.
Alternate (n.) 【美】代理人；代替者；候補者 [C] That which alternates with something else; vicissitude. [R.]
Grateful alternates of substantial. -- Prior.
Alternate (n.) A substitute; one designated to take the place of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.
Alternate (n.) (Math.) A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means.
Alternated (imp. & p. p.) of Alternate
Alternating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Alternate
Alternate (v. t.) 使交替，使輪流 [（+with）] To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.
The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life, for sundry wise ends alternates the disposition of good and evil. -- Grew.
Alternate (v. i.) 交替，輪流 [（+with/ between）] To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other.
Rage, shame, and grief alternate in his breast. -- J. Philips.
Different species alternating with each other. -- Kirwan.
Alternate (v. i.) To vary by turns; as, the land alternates between rocky hills and sandy plains.
Alternate (a.) Every second one of a series; "the cleaning lady comes on alternate Wednesdays"; "jam every other day"- the White Queen.
Alternate (a.) Serving or used in place of another; "an alternative plan" [syn: {alternate}, {alternative}, {substitute}].
Alternate (a.) Occurring by turns; first one and then the other; "alternating feelings of love and hate" [syn: {alternate(a)}, {alternating(a)}].
Alternate (a.) Of leaves and branches etc; first on one side and then on the other in two ranks along an axis; not paired; "stems with alternate leaves" [ant: {opposite}, {paired}].
Alternate (n.) Someone who takes the place of another person [syn: {surrogate}, {alternate}, {replacement}].
Alternate (v.) Go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions [syn: {alternate}, {jump}].
Alternate (v.) Exchange people temporarily to fulfill certain jobs and functions.
Alternate (v.) Be an understudy or alternate for a role [syn: {understudy}, {alternate}].
Alternate (v.) Reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action) [syn: {interchange}, {tack}, {switch}, {alternate}, {flip}, {flip- flop}].
Alternate (v.) Do something in turns; "We take turns on the night shift" [syn: alternate, take turns].
Alternately (adv.) 交替地；輪流地；間隔地 In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order.
Alternately (adv.) (Math.) By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.
Alternately (adv.) In an alternating sequence or position; "They were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing"; "he planted fir and pine trees alternately".
Alternateness (n.) The quality of being alternate, or of following by turns.
Compare: Permutation
Permutation (n.) 變更；交換；【數】排列 The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference; interchange.
The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in property. -- Burke.
Permutation (n.) (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; -- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4.
Permutation (n.) (Math.) (b) Any one of such possible arrangements.
Permutation (n.) (Law) Barter; exchange.
Permutation lock, A lock in which the parts can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of unlocking.
Permutation (n.) An event in which one thing is substituted for another; "the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood" [syn: substitution, permutation, transposition, replacement, switch].
Permutation (n.) The act of changing the arrangement of a given number of elements.
Permutation (n.) Complete change in character or condition; "the permutations...taking place in the physical world"- Henry Miller.
Permutation (n.) Act of changing the lineal order of objects in a group.
Alternation (n.) 交替；輪流；間隔 [U] [C]；【語】交替 The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear.
Alternation (n.) (Math.) Permutation.
Alternation (n.) The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister. -- Mason.
Alternation of generation. See under Generation.
Alternation (n.) Successive change from one thing or state to another and back again; "a trill is a rapid alternation between the two notes".
Alternation (n.) [ S or U ] 交替；輪流；間隔 A situation in which one thing repeatedly happens or exists after another.
// Flowers and trees are planted to produce an attractive alternation of light and shade in the garden.
Alternative (a.) [Z] [B] 兩者（或若干）中擇一的；非此即彼的；替代的；供選擇的；不接受世俗準則的；非傳統的；非主流的 Offering a choice of two things.
Alternative (a.) Disjunctive; as, an alternative conjunction.
Alternative (a.) Alternate; reciprocal. [Obs.] -- Holland.
Alternative (n.) 選擇，二擇一 [the S] [（+of）]；供選擇的東西（或辦法等）[C]；選擇的自由（或餘地）[U] An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left.
There is something else than the mere alternative of absolute destruction or unreformed existence. -- Burke.
Alternative (n.) Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives.
Having to choose between two alternatives, safety and war, you obstinately prefer the worse. -- Jowett (Thucyd.).
Alternative (n.) The course of action or the thing offered in place of another.
If this demand is refused the alternative is war. -- Lewis.
With no alternative but death. -- Longfellow.